end the use of children as soldiers in burma ch… · end the use of children as soldiers in burma...

End the Use of Children as Soldiers in Burma

jrefrmEdkifiHESifh uav;ppfom;rsm; tajctae

Child Pagemaker.pmd 3/13/2004, 11:52 AM1

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif uav;rsm;tm; ppfom;tjzpftoHk;ðyr_ &yfwefŒa&;

2

HREIB

Author: Aung Myo Min Director,HREIB

Layout & Design By: HREIB Team

Published By: Human Rights Education Institute of Burma(HREIB)

Contact Address: P.O Box - 37 Chiang Mai University P.O Chiang Mai , 50202

Thailand

E-Mail: [email protected]

Webside: www.hreib.org

First Edition: 3000 copies, March 2004 (c) Aung Myo Min


jrefrmEdkifiHwGif uav;rsm;tm; ppfom;tjzpftoHk;ðyr_ &yfwefŒa&;3

jrefrmEkdifiHESifh uav;rsm;.tajctae

ta&S›awmiftm&S EkdifiHwEdkifiHjzpfaom jrefrmEkdifiHonf ta@&SbufwGifxkdif;EkdifiH/ vmtkdEkdifiHESifh w±kyfEkdifiH/ taemufbufwGif awmiftm&SEkdifiHrsm;jzpfaomtdENd,ESifh b*Fvm;a'@&SfEkdifiHrsm;jzifh xdpyfvsuf&Sdaoma=umifh awmiftm&SEdkifiHrsm;ESifhta@&Sawmiftm&SEkdifiHrsm;t=um; r[mAsL[musonfh EkdifiHwEdkifiHjzpfygonf? bmompum;aygif;wpf&mausmf ajymqkdaom rwluJGjym;onfh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; pkaygif;aexdkifv#uf&Sdonf? xif&Sm;aom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;rSm jrefrm/ &Srf;/ u&if/rGef/ csif;/ ucsif/ &cdkifESifh u&ifeDwdk@ jzpf=uygonf? jrefrmEkdifiHonf obm0o,HZmwaygrsm;ºuG,f0aom EkdifiHwck jzpfaomfvnf; 1987 ckESpfwGif urBm@ukvor*~rS zGHŒòzd;wkd;wufr_tenf;qkH; EkdifiHwcktjzpf owfrSwfa=unmjcif; cHcJh&ygonf? 1990 rS 2001ckESpfumvtwGif; pD;yGm;a&;toifhtwifh wkd;wufvmcJhonf[k rSwfwrf;wifcJhaomfvnf; ppftpkd;&u xdrf;csKyfxm;aoma'orsm;&Sd vlenf;pkavmufom tusdK;cHpm;cJh=u&jcif;jzpf+yD; trsm;pkaom vlxk}uD;rSmr_ qif;&JrGJaw+rJyif jzpfygonf?

Õ1



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ta=umif;t&m jrefrmEkdifiH ta@&S tm&Sypdzdwf a'o EkdifiHrsm;. y#rf;r#E_H;

1? vlOD;a& (2001) 48 384 000 2? touf 18 ESpfatmuf 18 752 000 3? wOD;csif;. tom;wif EkdifiH0ifaiG (2001) 220 1140 4? wOD;csif; jynfwGif; tom;wif xkwfvkyfr_ (1960-1990) 1.4 5.1 5? wOD;csif; jynfwGif; tom; wifxkwfvkyfr_(1990-2001) 5.1 6.1 6? ysrf;r# ESpfpOfaiGa=u;azgif;yGr_E_H; 25 7 7? tpdk;&rS b¾ma&;cGJa0 csxm;r_ &mcdkifE_H; usef;rma&;u¾ 3 2 ynma&; u¾ 8 10 umuG,fa&; u¾ 29 12 8? touf(5)ESpfatmuf aoqkH;E_H; (2001) 109 43 9? arG;uif;puav; aoqkH;E_H; (2001) 77 33 10? ykHrSefóudwifumuG,faq; vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tpdk;& axmufyHhay;r_&mcdkifE_H; 0 93 11? tajccHynma&;oif=um;ol 1995-2001 68 91



jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ppfwyfrS 1962 ckESpfuwnf;u tm%modrf;,lcJh+yD; ,ckwdkifppftpdk;&u tkyfcsKyfvsuf&Sdonf? ppfwyf.tkyfcsKyfr_atmuf wavsmufvHk;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;. EkdifiHom;ESifh EkdifiHa&;tcGifhta&;rsm;rSm zdESdyfuef@owfcsKyfcs,f cHcJh&ygonf?

1988 ckESpf 'Drdkua&pDawmif;qdkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm; wjynfvHk;wGifjzpfyGm;cJh+yD;aemufjrefrmhqdk&S,fvpf vrf;pOfygwDxHrS tm%modrf;,lcJhaom EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzJG@ (SLORC) ppftpdk;&u 1990 ckESpfwGif 'Drdkua&pDa&G;aumufyJGudkusif;yay;cJhygonf? xdka&G;aumufyJGwGif +idrf;csrf;a&;EkdA,fqk&Sif a':atmifqef;pk=unfOD;aqmifaom twdkuftcHygwDrS EkdifiHw0Srf;vkH;wGif rJta&twGuftrsm;qkH;jzifh tEkdif&&SdcJhaomfvnf; ppftpdk;&rS Ta&G;aumufyJG. &vm'frsm;udk jiif;y,fcJhonfhtjyif a&G;cs,fcHcJh&aom EkdifiHacgif;aqmifrsm;udkyif zrf;qD;xdrf;odrf; csKyfaESmifxm;vsuf &Sdygonf?jynfolrsm;. owif;pme,fZif;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh oGm;vmv_yf&Sm;cGifhrsm;udk ykdrdkwif;=uyfpGm xdrf;csKyfcHcJh&ovdk vl@tcGifhta&; csKd;azmufr_rsm;ESifh tpkd;&twGif; t*wdvdkufpm;r_/vm'fay;vm'f,lr_rsm;rSmvnf; jrifhwufvmcJhygonf? 1997 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzJG@ (SLORC) rS EdkifiHawmf at;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGH®z;a&;aumifpD (SPDC - etz) odk@ trnfajymif;vJcJhaomfvnf; ‚if;.ay:vpDrSmr_ ajymif;vJr_r&dScJhyg? ,ae@tcsdeftxd t"duEkdifiHa&;twdkuftcH acgif;aqmifrsm;rSm axmifoGif;tusOf;cs cHae&qJyifjzpf+yD; wkdif;jynfrSm qif;&JrJGawaeqJESifh vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;rSmvnf; csKd;azmufcHae&qJyif jzpfygonf? ppftpdk;&u jynfolrsm;udk t"rRvkyftm;ay;apcdkif;r_rsm;ESifh tjcm;aomvl@tcGifhta&; csdK;azmufr_rsKd;pHkwdk@a=umifh etztay: taemufEkdifiHwcsKdŒu pD;yGm;a&; ydwfqdk@wm;qD;jcif;tygt0if tjcm;oHwrefenf;rsm;jzifhta&;,lr_rsm;udkvnf; &ifqdkifae&vsuf&Sdygonf?

jrefrmEdkifiHrS uav;i,frsm;onf EkdifiHtwGif; EkdifiHa&;rwnf+idrfr_rsm;ESifhvufeufudkif yÉdyuQrsm;. qdk;usKd;qufrsm;udk awG@óuH&ifqdkif cHpm;ae=u&ygonf?jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd uav;oli,frsm;. rsKd;qufoHk;qufonf EdkifiHa&;t=urf;zufr_/ ppfwyf.ESdyfpufn‡Of;yef;r_/ ae&mtwnfwus aexdkifcGifhr&&Sdr_/ rdom;pkrsm;jzifh cGJcGmae&r_ESifhvlom;wdk@twGuf vdktyfonfh tajccHaxmufyhHay;r_rsm; ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;aeonfrsm;t=um;wGif touf&Sifoef }uD;jyif;vmcJh=u&ygonf? jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd uav;i,frsm;ESifh‚if;wdk@. rdom;pkrsm;onf xdkodk@aom tajctaersm;wGif ‚if;wdk@ touf&Sifaexdkifa&;twGuf enf;vrf;rsm;udk &Edkifoa&GŒ óud;pm;&SmazG&vsuf&Sdonf? EkdifiHtwGif;wGif xdkodk@



6

touf&Sifoefa&;twGuf óud;pm;±kef;uefvsuf&SdaepOfrSmyif axmifaygif;&mESifhcsDaomolrsm;onf ‚if;wdk@. tdrfeD;em;csif;EkdifiHrsm;odk@ wdrf;a&Smifvsuf w&m;r0if tvkyform;rsm; tjzpfESifhjzpfap/ 'kuQonfrsm;tjzpfESifhjzpfap touf&Sifoef aexdkif=u&vsuf&Sdygonf?

EkdifiHtwGif;&Sd tajcwusraeEdkifbJ vSnfhvnfaexdkifae&olrsm; tajctae

1980 ckESpfaESmif;ydkif;umvrsm;rSpI ppftpdk;&onf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm; trsm;qHk;aexdkifvsuf&Sdonfh a'orsm;udk xdrf;csKyfEdkif&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzifhjzwfav;jzwf ppfqifa&;rsm;udk t&Sdefjrifhwifaqmif&GufcJhr_a=umifh EkdifiHtwGif;tajcwusraeEdkifbJ vSnfhvnfaexdkifae&olrsm; jzpfay:vmcJhonf?

Tppftpdk;&. ppfqifa&;'%fudk ta@&Sbufe,fpyfa'orsm;&Sd u&if/u&ifeD/ &Srf;ESifh rGefvlrsKd;pk tkyfpkrsm;omru b*Fvm;a'h&SfESifh tdENd,e,fpyfa'orsm;&Sd tjcm;aomvlenf;pk tkyfpkrsm;udkyg xdcdkufcHpm;cJh&onf[k e,fjcm;rJh q&m0efrsm;tzJGŒ. 2002 ckESp/f rwfvxkwf tpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyxm;onf? xdkodk@EkdifiHwGif; tajcwusraeEdkifbJ vSnfhvnfaexdkifae&olrsm; ta&twGufudk vuf&Sdtaejzifh wdwdususrod&ao;aomfvnf; &&Sdxm;aomudef;*%ef; azmfjycsufrsm;t& jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; tajcwusraeEdkifbJ vSnfhvnfaexdkifae&olrsm; OD;

jrefrmEdkifiHrS 'kuQonfrsm;ESifh a&GŒajymif;tvkyform;rsm;. tajctae

“jrefrmEkdifiHESihf xdpyfvsuf&Sdaom xdkif;EdkifiHe,fpyfwavsmufwGif&dSonfh'kuQonfpcef;rsm;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHrS'kuQonf tenf;qkH;wodef;ig;aomif;cef@ rSwfykHwifum cdkv_Hvsuf&Sdygonf? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;ESifh tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;t=um;jzpfyGm;vsuf&Sdaom vufeufudkifyÉdyuQ ppfyGJrsm;. tusKd;qufa=umifhjzpfap/pD;yGm;a&;=uyfwnf;r_ wdk@a=umifhjzpfap tdk;tdrfypfI xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smif vmcJh=uaom aemufxyfvlOD;a& oHk;odef;av;aomif;cef@rSmvnf; xdkif;jrefrme,fpyfwavsmufESifh xdkif;EkdifiHtwGif;wGif jyef@usJpGm aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf? ” [k ukvor*~uav;rsm;&efykHaiGtzJG@. ta@&S tm&Sypdzdwfa'oqdkif&m±kH;rS 2000 ckESpf tpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyxm;ygonf?



a&pkpkaygif;rSm2002 ckESpf/ tapmydkif;wGif ajcmufodef;rSq,fodef;t=um; &SdEdkifonf[k jrefrmEdkifiH vlrsKd;pkwdkif;&if;om;rsm; okawoetzJGŒ.2000 ckESp/f pufwifbmvxkwf tpD&ifcHpmwGif cef@rSef;xm;onf? jrefrmEkdifiHtv,fydkif;&Sd òrŒjya'orsm;Yaexdkifolrsm;onfyif EkdifiHtwGif; tajcwusraeEdkifbJ vSnfhvnfaexdkif&olrsm;jzpfvsuf&Sdonf[kvnf; xdktpD&ifcHpmY azmfjyxm;onf?

jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; tajcwusraeEdkifbJ vSnfhvnfaexdkifolrsm; trsm;qHk;&Sdaoma'orsm; (ZEM0g&Dv - 2002)

jynfe,frsm; cef@rSef;vlOD;a&&Srf;jynfe,f ta@&Sajrmufydkif; 300,000u&ifjynfe,f 100,000 -200,000u&ifeD (u,m; ) jynfe,f 70,000 - 80,000rGefjynfe,f 60,000 - 70,000&cdkifjynfe,fajrmufydkif; 100,000

ukvor*~ vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&SifxHodk@ 2002 ckESpf/ ZEM0g&D 10 &ufwGifwifoGif;cJhonfh urBmvkH;qdkif&m EkdifiHtwGif;tajcwusraeEdkifbJ vSnfhvnfaexdkifolrsm; tpD&ifcHpmudk udk;um;azmfjyxm;ygonf?



8

jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd uav;ppfom;rsm;. tajctae

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif jzpfyGm;aevsuf&Sdaom uav;tcGifhta&;rsm;tay: qdk;qdk;0g;0g; csKd;azmufr_rsm;teuf vufeufudkif yÉdyuQrsm;twGif; uav;rsm;yg0ifaer_rSmwcktygt0ifjzpfonf?

uav;ppfom;tokH;ðyr_ &yfwef@a&;qdkif&m yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_tzGJ@ (The

Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers) u wurBmvkH;wGif uav;ppfom;pkpkaygif; okH;odef;cef@ &Sdvdrfhrnf[kcef@rSef;xm;+yD; xdkta&twGuf. av;ykHwykHrSm ta&S•tm&SESifhypdzdwfa'owdk@rS jzpfonf[k ukvor*~ uav;rsm;&efykHaiG tzGJ@ (UNICEF)

uqdkygonf?jrefrmEkdifiHonf uav;rsm;tm; ppfom;tjzpf trsm;qHk;toHk;ðyaeaom

EdkifiHwEdkifiHjzpfonf[k qdk=uygonf? tjynfjynfqdkif&m vl@tcGifhta&; tzJG@tpnf;wckjzpfaom vl@tcGifhta&; apmifh=uyfavhvmonfhtzGJGŒ (Human Rights Watch)

. 2002 ckESpftwGif;ðyvkyfcJhaom okawoeawG@&SdcsufwGif ppfonftiftm;aygif;oHk;odef;ig;aomif;cef@&Sdaom jrefrmppftpdk;&. =unf;wyfwckxJrSmyif uav;ppfom;aygif; tenf;qHk; ckESpfaomif;&Sdonf[k cef@rSef;xm;ygonf? usefaoma&wyfESifh avwyfwdk@wGif uav;ppfom; rnfr#&Sdrnfudk rwGufqEdkifao;yg?

ppftpdk;&. ppfwyfxJwGifomrubJ ppftpdk;&udk qef@usifwkdufyJG0ifaevsuf&Sdaom twdkuftcHvufeufudkiftzJG@aygif; tenf;qkH; (33) zGJ@wGifvnf; touff

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(18) ESpfatmuf vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;orm; ta&twGufrSm ajcmufaxmifrSckESpfaxmiftwGif;&Sdonf[k cef@rSef;xm;ygonf? xdkvufeufudkif tzGJ@tpnf;trsm;pkrSm e,fpyfa'orsm;wGif tajccsv_yf&Sm;aexdkif=u+yD; 4if;wdk@teuf trsm;pkrSm r=umao;rD umvtwGif;u ppftpdk;&ESifhh typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlvufrSwf a&;xdk;xm;cJh=uaomfvnf; ‚if;wdk@. ppfwyftwGuf vlopfpkaqmif;r_rsm;udkrl qufvufðyvkyfaeqJyifjzpfonf?

tenf;qkH; twkduftcHtzGJ@ (10) zGJ@cef@rSm tpdk;&.ppfwyfESifh &ifqdkifwkdufyGJrsm; qufvufqifEJGaevsuf&Sd+yD; xdktkyfpkrsm;xJwGif uav;ppfom;rsm; yg0ifaevdrfhrnf[k cef@rSef;xm;=uygonf? odk@aomfvnf; xdktzJG@rsm;. pGrf;aqmifr_rsm; avsmhusvmr_ESifh uav;rsm;udk ppfom;opfpkaqmif;jcif;tay: &yfwefŒ&ef awmif;qdkr_tm;‚if;wdk@rS tav;xm;vmr_rsm;a=umifh rsm;r=umao;rDESpfrsm;twGif; uav;rsm;udkppfom;tjzpf pkaqmif;jcif; odompGmavsmhusvmonfudk awG@jrifEkdifygonf?

(1) uav;ppfom;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;?

uav;ppfom;qdkonfrSm t+rJwrf;ESifh t+rJwrf;r[kwfaom rnfonfh vufeufudkifwyfzGJŒ (odk@) vufeufudkiftkyfpk trsKd;tpm;wGifrqdk vufeufudkifonfjzpfap/vufeufrudkifonfjzpfap csufðywf&ef/ ypPnf;xrf;&ef/ owif;ydk@qufom;tjzpf vkyfaqmif&efESifh rdom;pktzGJŒ0ifrsm;r[kwfbJ xdktkyfpkrsm;ESifh twlvdkufygjcif;wdk@tjyifrdef;uav;rsm;udk vdifr_qdkif&m &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh t"rRtdrfaxmifðyjcif;rsm; yg0ifaom ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh pkaqmif;xm;onfh touf 18 ESpfatmuf a,mufsm;av; (odk@)rdef;uav; rnfol@udkrqdkk qdkvdkygonf?(tmz&duwdkufqdkif&m uav;ppfom;apcdkif;r_wm;qD;jcif;/ vufeufzsufodrf;jcif;ESifhvlr_b0rsm;wGif jyefvnfae&mwusjzpfapjcif; pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh taumif;qkH;aomvkyfaqmifr_rsm;rS aumufEkwfcsuf)

(2) uav;ppfom;rsm; bma=umifhjzpfvm&oenf;? b,fvdkenf;ESifh uav;ppfom;tjzpf pkaqmif;cH&avh&SdygovJ?

etzppfwyfxJwGif uav;ppfom;tjzpf apcdkif;cH&aom uav;rsm;ESifhywf



10

oufonfh tpD&ifcHpmrsm;t& uav;ppfom;trsm;pkonf ppfom;tjzpfvkyfaqmif&ef qENrygbJ vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;r_/ +cdrf;ajcmufr_rsm;a=umifh ppfwyftwGif; 0ifa&mufvmcJh=uonfudk awG@&onf? touf (18) ESpfatmuf t&G,frsm;udk ppfom;tjzpftr_xrf;apjcif;/ twif;t=uyf ppfwyfxJ 0ifa&mufcdkif;jcif;rsm;r&Sdatmif Oya'trdef@rsm; xkwfjyefxm;onf[k etzu qdkaomfvnf; vuf&SdtpD&ifcHpmrsm;. awG@&SdcsufESifh wjcm;pDjzpfaeonfudk awG@&onf? t&G,fra&mufao;aom uav;rsm;udk ppfwyfxJ0ifa&mufapcdkif;jcif;. jzpfEkdifajc&Sdaom ta=umif;&if;rSm EdkifiHawmfudk xdrf;csKyfEdkif&eftwGuf ppfwyftiftm;}uD;rm;&ef vdktyfonfhtavsmuf ppfom;rsm; vdktyfaeonf? xdkvdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;&eftjyif ppfwyftwGif;&Sd zsm;emol/ '%f&m&ol/touft&G,f}uD;oGm;ol/ tjcm;aomta=umif;t&mrsm;jzifh wyfrSxGufcGmoGm;olrsm;ae&mwGif ppfom;opfrsm;jzifh jyefvnfjznfhwif;&ef vdktyfjcif;a=umifh jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmif&ef vG,fulaom i,f&G,fonfholrsm;ukd t=uyfudkifjcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh ppfwyftwGif;odkŒ0ifa&mufapjcif; jzpfEdkifonf? xdk@tjyif ppfwyftwGuf ppffom;opfrsm; &SmazGpkaqmif;ay;Edkifonfholudk ppfom;opf &SmazGay;Edkifygutca=u;aiGrsm;ay;onfh pepfrsKd;udkvnf; usifhoHk;aea=umif; tpD&ifcHpmrsm;uqdkonf?xdk@jyif rdbrJh uav;rsm;udk ðypkapmifha&Smufonfh vlr_zlvkHa&; tpDtpOfrsm;rSmvnf;tem*wftwGuf ppfom;rsm;udk pkaqmif;arG;xkwfay;aeonfh ae&mrsm;jzpfaeonfudkawG@&onf?

jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif uav;rsm;. arG;pm&if;rsm;udk wdwdususESifh pepfwus rSwfwrf;rwifEdkifjcif;a=umifhvnf; vlyJGpm;rsm;u uav;i,frsm;. touftrSefudkvdrfnmI ppfwyftwGif; 0ifa&mufcdkif;jcif;rsKd;udk ppfaq;&eftwGuf cufcJvsuf&Sdonf? “u|efawmfh tdrfwHcg;udk ppfom;ig;a,mufu tus,f}uD;vmacgufw,f?u|efawmfESifhtwl tjcm;t&G,fwlig;a,mufu xGufajy;vdk@ rvGwfwma=umifh ppfom;awGu zrf;ac:oGm;cJhw,f? uGsefawmfidkayrJh u|efawmfhudktdrfuae w&GwfwdkufqJGac:oGm;+yD; avSay:udkac:wifw,f? aemuf+yD; &efukefudkydk@vdkufw,f? u|efawmhfudkuav;vdkrqufqHbJ vl}uD;wa,mufvdk qufqHwmygbJ?”( touf (9) ESpft&G,fwGif etzppfwyfodk@0ifa&muf&ef apcdkif;cHcJh&+yD; ,cktcg touf (21) ESpf &Sdaeaom olwOD;tm; ukvor*~ EkdifiHwum uav;rsm;ta&;ay:&efykHaiGtzJGJ@ (,leDquf) u awG@qkHar;jref;cef;rS aumufEkwfcsuf)



rsm;pGmaom twdkuftcHvufeufudkif tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u t&G,fra&mufao;aom uav;rsm;udk vufeufudkifwyfrsm;twGif; 0ifa&mufapcdkif;jcif;udk rusifhoHk;awmha=umif; rl0g'a=unmcsufrsm;udk xkwfjyefa=unmcJh=uygonf? odk@aomfvnf;rdbrsm;ESifh wuJGwjym;pDjzpfae&aom uav;rsm;taejzifh tjcm;a&G;p&m r&SdawmhonfhtwGufa=umifhvnf;aumif; odk@r[kwf ppfwyf.t=urf;zufr_udk ukd,fwdkifóuHawG@cHpm;cJh&aom uav;rsm;u jyefvnfvufpm;acsvdkaom pdwfa=umifhvnf;aumif;vufeufudkiftzJG@rsm;xH qENtavsmuf 0ifa&muftr_xrf;&ef csOf;uyfvmr_rsm;vnf;&Sdavh&Sdygonf?

'Drdkua&pDta&;udk axmufcHv_yf&Sm;ol/ vlrsKd;pktkyfpkrsm;. vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf wdkufyJG0ifvdkol/ rdrdvlrsKd;rsm;twGuf umuG,fapmifha&Smuf ay;vdkolrsm;xJwGift&G,fra&mufao;aom olrsm;vnf;yg0ifvmum xdkolrsm;u rdrdqENtavsmufvufeufudkiftzJG@rsm;odk@ 0ifa&mufjcif;rsKd;vnf;&Sdygonf? odk@&mwGif tcsKdŒaom vufeufudkif tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf ‚if;wdk@xdrf;csKyfxm;aom e,fajrrsm;twGif;wGif t&G,fra&mufao;aomolrsm;udk twif;t=uyf vufeufudkifapjcif;/ ppfr_xrf;&ef vlopfaumuf,ljcif;rsm;udk qufvufvkyfaqmifvsuf &SdaeqJyifjzpfonf? “olwdk@u rdom;pktm;vkH;&JŒ vlOD;a&pm&if;udk aumufxm;w,f? tu,fIudk,f@rdom;pkrSm om; (2) a,muf&SdcJh&if om;wpfa,mufudk ay;&rSmjzpfw,f? wpfa,mufwnf;&Sd&ifvnf; ol@udkqENtavsmuf ppfr_xrf;zdk@ ac:rSmyJjzpfw,f? olwdk@owfrSwfxm;wJh tcGefay;&wJhtcgrsKd;rSm ray;Ekdif&ifawmh om;wpfa,mufudk ppfwyftwGuf ay;&rSmjzpfw,f?” (a'ocH vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh u,fq,fa&;0efxrf;wpfOD;udk2002 ckESpfwGif vl@tcGifhta&; apmifh=uyfa&;tzJGŒu awGŒqHkar;jref;cef;rS aumufEkwfcsuf)

uav;rsm; vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;xJodk@ 0ifa&muf&onfh tjcm;aom ta=umif;tcsufrsm;rSm ppfwyft&m&Sdrsm;/ awmfvSefa&;tzJG@0ifrsm;udk tm;usav;pm;Iudkk;uG,fonfh pdwfa=umifh‚if;/ ppfwyfwGif t&m&SdjzpfEdkifonfh ppfAdkvfoifwef;udk txif}uD;I wufa&mufvdkaoma=umifh‚if;/ ppfom;wpfa,muf jzpfvmygu&&Sdrnfh tcGifhtm%mudk vdkcsifrufarmaoma=umifh‚if;/ tpdk;&ESifh typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlnDcsuf &,lxm;aomtzJGŒudk 0ifa&mufvdkufygu ‚if;[email protected];pkrsm;tay:t"rRvkyftm;ay; apcdkif;jcif;/ ae&ma@&Gajymif;cdkif;jcif;rsm;rS uif;vGwfEkdif&ef &nf&G,fcsufa=umifh‚if;/ tdrfwGif;jy\emrsm;ESifh tjcm;zdtm;ay;r__rsm;a=umifh‚if;/ rdom;pkudk



12

axmufyHhEkdifrnfh 0ifaiG&&Sd&ef twGufa=umifhf‚if; jzpfygonf?twif;t=uyf apcdkif;cH&onfjzpfap/ qENtavsmufjzpfap/ odk@r[kwf wOD;

csif;tajctaeESifh cH,lcsufrsm;a=umifhjzpfap odk@r[kwf jyifyta=umif;tcsufrsm;a=umifhjzpfap vufeufudkiftzGJŒESihf ppfwyfrsm;wGif yg0ifaeaom uav;rsm;tm;vkH;rSma@&Swef;ppfrsufESmrsm;wGif ±kyfydkif;qdkif&m tE W&m,frsm;ESifh pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfem&r_rsm;tm;vkH;udk tumtuG,frJhpGm &ifqdkifóuHawG@ae&vsuf&Sdonf?

(3) vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;xJwGif uav;rsm;onf bmwm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifae&ygovJ?

vufeufud ki fwyfz G J Œrsm;onf touft&G,f i,f& G,fvGe f ;aomuav;rsm;udk oifwef;om;tjzpf aemufwef;tajcpdkuf pcef;rsm;ESifh oifwef;pcef;rsm;twGif;wGif uef@owfxm;avh&Sdygonf? xdkuav;rsm;onf ppfa&;v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;xJwGif ryg0if&aomfvnf; pcef;oef@&Sif;jcif;/ vufwdkvufawmif; vkyfudkif&jcif;ESifh csufðywf&jcif;rsm;udk vkyfaqmif=u&ygonf? xdk@tjyif vrf;rsm;azmufvkyfjcif;uJhodk@aom ppfwyfpDrHcsufrsm;wGif vkyfudkif&jcif; odk@r[kwf vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmufESifh &duQmaxmufyHha&;ypPnf;rsm; o,faqmif&jcif; uJhodk@aom ppfajrjyifwm0efrsm;twGufudkvnf; vkyfaqmif=u&ygonf?

touf (14) ESpf0ef;usif&Sdaom uav;rsm;ukdrl ppfwyfzJG@rsm;. wdkufcdkufa&;v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Guf&mrsKd;wGif twif;t=uyf yg0ifapvsuf&Sdygonf? etzppfwyfrsm;wGif&Sdaom xdkuav;ppfom;rsm;onf awmfvSefa&; odk@r[kwf twdkuftcH vufeufudkifwyfzJGŒrsm;tay: ypfrSwfxm;onfh xdk;ppfrsm;qifEJG&mwGifvnf;aumif;/ jynfoljynfom;rsm;udk t"rRvkyftm;apcdkif;&eftwGuf vkyftm;pkaqmif;&mwGifvnf;aumif;/tpkvdkuftòyHvdkuf owfjzwfr_rsm;ESifh rk'drf;usifhr_rsm;tygt0if enf;rsKd;pkHjzifh &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfr_rsm;udk usL;vGef&mwGifvnf;aumif; yg0ifEkdifygonf? xdk@tjyif rl;,pfaq;0g; o,faqmifr_ESifh Oya'rJhukefoG,fr_rsm; vkyfaqmif&mwGifvnf; etzppfwyftwGif;&Sd uav;ppfom;rsm; yg0ifapcdkif;cHae&rnfrSm rvJG{uefyif jzpfygonf?

etzwyfwGif uav;ppfom;jzpfcJhbl;+yD; ppfwyfrSxGufajy;vmol wOD;.tqdkt& vufeufudkifwyfzJG@rsm;wGif &Sdae=uaom uav;rsm;tm; ‚if;[email protected]&m&Sd/ t&mcHrsm;rS ±kyfydkif;qdkif&m/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&m n‡Of;yef;r_rsm;udk qdk;0g;pGm



usK;vGefcJhonf[k od&onf? rsm;vSpGmaom uav;ppfom;rsm;onf etzppfwyfrSpGef@cGmxGufajy;vdkaomfvnf; xGufajy;rvGwfI jyefvnfzrf;rdygu xdk@xufqdk;0g;pGmtjypfay;cH&rnfudk pdk;&drfaoma=umifhvnf;aumif;/ rdom;pkrsm;udk apmifh=unfhjcif;ESifh‚if;wdk@udk,fpm; rdom;pkrsm;tay: tjypfay;rnfudk pdk;&drfaoma=umifh‚if; xGufrajy;EdkifbJ ppfwyftwGif; qufvuftr_xrf;ae=u&onf? “reufpm xrif;=urf;pm;+yD;wmeJ@ a&$bkdum;vrf;azmufvkyfa&;udkoGm;+yD;vrf;cif;zdk@ ausmufawGudk cJGcJh&w,f? 'Dtvkyf[m awmfawmhudk =urf;wrf;ygw,f?q&mawGu oifwef;ausmif;rSmom u|efawmfwdk@udk ±kdufESufwmrubJ 'Dvrf;azmufvkyfa&;rSmvJ u|efawmfwdk@udk vlysif;awGvdk@ac:+yD; ±dkufwmygbJ? u|efawmfxufi,fwJhuav;awGvJ 'DvdkrsKd;±kdufESufcH&wmbJ? uav;rsm;[m t&G,fi,fvGef;awmh 'Dvdk±kdufcH&wJhtcg t&rf;udka=umufoGm;=uw,f? pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;rsKd;qdk&ifawmh 'Duav;awGvkyfEkdif=uayrJh u|efawmfwdk@twGufawmif =urf;wrf;vGef;wJh 'DausmufwHk;}uD;awGcGJ&wJhtvkyfrsKd;udkk olwdk@b,fvkyfEkdifygrvJ? 'ga=umifh olwdk@±dkufcH&wmaygh? 'ga=umifholwdk@awG 0rf;enf;/ xdwfvef@ukef+yD; olwdk@rdbawGudk owd&=uw,f? olwdk@[m awmfawmhudk jyif;jyif;xefxef a=umufvef@ukef=uygw,f? 'grsKd; 6 }udrf/ 7 }udrfavmufu|efawmf}uHKcJhbl;w,f”(2002 ckESpf/ xdkif;EkdifiHwGif vl@tcGifhta&;apmifh=uyfa&;tzJG@uaeI etzppfwyfrSu av;ppfom;wOD;ESifh awG@qHkcef;rS aumufEkwfcsuf)

(4) ppfyJGtwGif; yg0ifaeaom uav;ppfom;rsm;tay: oufa&mufr_?

tvGeftrif;qif;&JrGJawr_/ rdbrsm;aoqkH;r_ESifh ‚if;[email protected]_tzGJ@tpnf;rSuif;uGmaer_ tajctaersm;a=umifh ppfwyftwGif;0ifjcif;rSvJGI tjcm;a&G;cs,fp&mvrf;r&Sdawmhonfh taetxm;odk@ a&muf&Sdaeaom uav;rsm;twGuf ppfwyfxJwGifaexdkifrSom ‚if;wdk@tay: =unfh±_apmifha&SSmufr_/ tpm;tpmaxmufyHhay;r_/ vl}uD;rsm;.tkyfxdrf;r_ESifh oifwef;rsm;ESifh ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk &&SdcHpm;EdkifrnfrSm rrSm;vSay?

wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd; awmfvSefa&;wyfzJG@rsm;wGif yg0ifaeaom uav;rsm;rSmvnf; jrifhjrwfaom &nfrSef;csufrsm;twGuf wdkufyGJ0ifae+yD; udk,fhvlrsKd;tay: umuG,fay;Edkifonfh ppfom;jzpfaejcif;wdk@tay: udk,fhudkudk,f *k%f,l0HhºuGm;ae=uygonf? xdku



14

av;rsKd;onf udk,fhudk,fudk,f,kH=unfr_/ pnf;urf;trdef@vdkufemwwfr_/ &nfrSef;csufcsrSwfwwfr_ESifh vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;ESifh aumif;twlqdk;twl aygif;oif;wwfr_wdk@udk&&SdEdkifonf? ppfwyftwGif; 0ifa&mufjcif;a=umifh xdkodk@aom aumif;usKd;rsm;&Sdonf[krnfodk@yifqdkygap ppfom;b0udk a&muf&Sd&onfhtjzpfrsKd;udk rnfonfhuav;rS vdkcsifwrf;w=urnf r[kwfyg?

ppfwyfrsm;twGif; uav;ppfom;rsm;tjzpf yg0ifae=uaom uav;rsm;.b0rsm;rSm a&•Swef;ppfajrjyifrsm;wGifom ukefqkH;=uavh&Sdygonf? ppfwyftwGif; 0ifa&mufvdkufonfESifh olwdk@onf ppfa&;qdkif&mypfrSwfrsm; jzpfoGm;=u&Smygonf? xdkuav;ppfom;rsm;. cHpm;oifhonfh uav;yDopGm jzwfoef;&rnfh tcsdefrsm;rSmvnf;t"dym,frJh qHk;±_H;oGm;vsuf&Sdygonf? t&G,fra&mufao;aom uav;rsm;onf ppfwyftwGif; ppfr_xrf;aepOfwGif t&yfom;rsm;tay: vufeufudkifppfom;rsm;u &uf&ufpufpuf apmfum;ESdyfpufjcif;rsm;udk udk,fwdkifóuHawG@vmcJh&ovdk xdktr_rsm;udkudk,fwdkifusL;vGefwwfatmif apcdkif;trdef@ay; cH&avh&Sdwwfonf? rdom;pkESifh wuJGwjym;pDaexdkif&jcif;/ yifyef;qif;&JpGm ppfr_xrf;&jcif;/ ynmoif=um;&r_r&Sdjcif;/ &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfr_rsm;udk ae@pOfvufyGef;wwD; jrifawG@ae&jcif;/ udk,fwdkift=urf;zufwwfatmif trdef@ay;apcdkif;cH&jcif;ESifh ppfwyftwGif; tjcm;olrsm;u vlom;rqefpGm ESdrfhcsqufqHcH&jcif;wdk@. qdk;usKd;qufrsm;onf ppfwyfwGif qufvuftr_rxrf;awmhbJae&yfudk jyefa&mufonfhtcsdeftxd xdkuav;rsm;tay: t&dyfrnf;ozG,f pdk;rdk;oufa&mufaewwfygonf?

tajccHvlwef;pm; acgif;aqmifrsm;/ uav;ppfom;a[mif;rsm;ESifh vl@tcGifhta&; ynmay;olrsm;rS t&G,fra&mufcif ppfr_xrf;apcdkif;cH&aom uav;ppfom;rsm;óuHawG@&wwfonfh xdcdkufepfemcHpm;&r_rsm;ESifh ywfoufI atmufygtwdkif; okawoeðyxm;onf?

Õ ynmoif=um;r_ vHk;0r&Sdjcif;/ zGH@òzd;wdk;wufEdkifrnfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm; enf;yg;jcif;/Õ tem*wfar#mfrSef;csuf qkH;±_H;jcif;/Õ udk,fcE<mtpdwftydkif;qHk;&_H;jcif; / xdcdkuf'%f&m&jcif;/ a&m*gcHpm;&jcif;/ t[m& csKdŒwJhjcif;rsm; cHpm;&jcif;?Õ vlom;wOD;r[kwfouJhodk@ edrfhusr_cHpm;&jcif;ESifh udk,fhudk,fudk,f,kH=unfr_ uif;rJhvmjcif;



Õ t=urf;zufr_udk usL;vGefaponfh pdwfwdkr_/ ±kdif;pdkif;=urf;wrf;r_/ tEdkifusifhvdkr_rsm; cHpm;vm&jcif;/Õ tusifhpm&dwWrsm; ,kd,Gif;ysufqD;vmjcif;/Õ txD;usefr_/ vrf;paysmufpdwf±_yfaxG;r_/ ukd,fhudk,fudk,f owfaovdkr_rsm; cHpm; &jcif;/

“ uav;awGu olwdk@rdbawGeJ@awG@csifvdk@ oifwef;enf;jyrsm;qDrSm cGifhawmif;cJh=uygw,f? 'gayrJh cGifhrðyvdk@ olwdk@ikdcJh=u&w,f? 'Dvdkidkwm &yfwef@oGm;atmifoifwef;q&mawGu olwdk@udk±dkufwmudk u|efawmfudk,fwdkif awGŒcJh&ygw,f? tJ'DtwGuf uav;awG[m idk±HkwifruawmhbJ udk,fhudk,fudk,fypfowf+yD; aoa=umif;}uHwJhtxd usL;vGefcJhwmudkvnf; u|efawmfw}udrf }uHKcJhbl;ygw,f? udk,fhudkudk,f ypfowfoGm;wJh ol@&JŒtavmif;udk u|efawmfudk,fwdkif ajrðryfay;cJh&ygw,f? ”( ukvor*~ uav;rsm;&efykHaiGtzJG@ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrS uav;ppfom;a[mif;wOD; awG@qkHar;jref;cef;rS aumufEkwfcsuf )

(5) jrefrmEkdifiHonf tb,fa=umifh uav;rsm;tm; uav;ppfom;tjzpf tokH;ðyjcif;udk &yfwef@oifhygovJ?

tyifawGudka&avmif;ay;vdk@aygif;udkvnf;oif tpmau|;&ifyef;av;awG[m yGifhvef;vmrSmtaotcsmyg?

tyifawGudkðypkay;vdk@olwdk@ay;wJh toD;awG[mwdk@rsm;twGuf *k%f,l&rSmtaotcsmyg?

jrefrmuav;uAsm



16

Õ uav;rsm;. taumif;qHk;tusKd;udk OD;pm;ay;&rnf[laom rl0g'

jrefrmEkdifiHonf ukvor*~ujyXmef;xm;aom uav;tcGifhta&;qdkif&moabmwlpmcsKyfudk ¹cGif;csufr&dS twnfðyvufrSwf a&;xdk;xm;aom EkdifiHwckjzpfygonf? xdkpmcsKyf. t"durl0g'rSm uav;rsm;. taumif;qHk;tusKd;udk OD;pm;ay;&rnf[laom rl0g'yifjzpfonf?

xdk@twGufa=umifhuav;rsm;. taumif;qHk;tusKd;udk xdcdkufapEdkifonfhuav;ppfom;rsm;tjzpf toHk;ðyr_udk tpdk;&rsm;udk,fwdkif a&Smif&Sm;&efvdkovdk xdkodk@toHk;ðyjcif;rsm; yaysmufatmif oufqdkif&mtzJG@rsm;tm;vHk;u 0dkif;0ef;vkyfaqmifóud;yrf;oifhonf? xdkoabmwlpmcsKyf. tydk'f - 38 wGif vufeufudkifyÉdyuQ. tusKd;qufa=umihf jzpfyGm;&onfhtE W&m,frsm;rS uav;rsm;udk umuG,fay;&eftwGuf EkdifiHrsm;tay: wm0eftjynfht0 ay;tyfxm;onf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u odonfjzpfap/rodonfjzpfap ppfwyfrsm;wGif uav;rsm;udk ppfom;tjzpfapcdkif;jcif;onf vufeufudkifyÉdyuQrS tumtuG,fay;&ef wm0ef&Sdr_udk ysufuGuf±Hkru uav;rsm;udktE W&m,f&Sdaponfh taetxm;odk@ a&muf&Sdapjcif;jzpfonfhtwGuf uav;rsm;.tcGifh ta&;tm;vkH;udk csKd;azmuf&ma&mufonf?

uav;rsm;. tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wdk;jr‡ifhatmifvkyfaqmifay;&efESifh umuG,fay;&efwm0efrSm EdkifiHtpdk;&w&yfwnf;wGif omrubJ vlr_tzJG@tpnf;wckvHk;wGifvnf; wm0ef&Sdonf? xdk@twGufa=umifh vlr_tzGJ@tpnf; tusKd;twGuf wdkufyGJ0ifae=uaom vufeufudkiftzJG@rsm;onfvnf; TtusifhoduQmydkif;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdr_rsm;udk av;pm;vdkufemusifhoHk;&ef wm0ef&Sdayonf?

Õ tem*wftwGuf &if;ESdD;ðryfESHjcif;

jrefrmEkdifiH. vuf&SdvlOD;a&teuf uav;OD;a&rSm &mcdkifE_ef; tawmfrsm;jym;aeygonf? xdkuav;rsm;onf EkdifiH.tem*wfudk ydkifpdk;rnfh uav;rsm;jzpf=uygonf?xdk@twGuf rsufarSmufumv &ifaoG;rsm;rsKd;quftaejziffh tem*wfEkdifiHawmfudkaumif;rGefpGm OD;aqmifoGm;Ekdif&eftwGuf &Sifoefr_t"dym,fjynfh0+yD; +idrf;csrf;aomb0rsm;wGif aexkdifcGifh&Sdonfh b0jzwfoef;r_rsm;udk &&SdcHpm;Edkif&ef tvGefyif ta&;}uD;ygonf?



Õ t=urf;zufr_ESifh qif;&J=uyfwnf;r_ oHo&mudk csKd;zsufjcif;

rjzpfraetajctaea=umifhyifjzpfap/ qENtavsmufjzpfap t=urf;zufr_wGifudk,fwdkifudk,fus yg0ifcJh&aom uav;rsm;/ t=urf;zufr_udk rsufjrifudk,fawG@ &ifqdkifcJh&aom uav;rsm;ESifh t=urf;zufr_. om;aumifrsm; jzpfcJh&aomuav;rsm;. tem*wfrSm qdk;usKd;rsm;jzifh zHk;v$rf;aernfrSm taotcsmjzpfygonf? tu,fI ‚if;wdk@qufvuf touf&SifaecJhygv#ifawmifrS xdkuav;trsm;pkrSm t=urf;zufr_tay:vufyGef;wwD; &if;ESD;aer_rsm;/ t=urf;zufr_yÉdyuQudk cHkrifrufarmaom pdwf"mwftawG;t,ltqrsm;ESifh tusifhp±dkufqdk;rsm;udk tem*wfodk@ qufvufo,faqmifvm=uvdrfhrnf jzpfonf? b,fvdkenf;ESifhrS wdkif;jynfESifh vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf +idrf;csrf;a&;tusKd;udk o,fydk;vdkonfh vlom;rsm;jzpfvmEdkifrnf r[kwfyg? ppfyGJrsm;twGif;uav;rsm;udk tokH;ðyvsuf&Sd=uaom EkdifiHtrsm;pkonf zGHŒòzd;wdk;wufr_ tqifhtwef;edrfhusaomEkdifiHrsm; jzpfaevsuf&Sd+yD; ,ae@tcsdefxd t=urf;zufr_rsm;jzifh oHo&mvnfaeaom EdkifiHrsm;jzpfaeonfudk =unfhjcif;jzifh uav;rsm;udk t=urf;zufjcif;onf t=urf;zufr_ESifh qif;&JrJGawr_wdk@jzifh qufpyfaeonfudk txift&Sm;awG@jrifEdkifonf?xdk@twGufa=umifh t=urf;zufr_ESifh qif;&J=uyfwnf;r_ oHo&mudk tem*wfwGif wzefjyefrvnfvmEdkifap&eftwGuf uav;rsm;tay: t=urf;zufr_udk ,ae@tcsdefwGif &yfwef@&ef vdktyfonf?



18

uav;ppfom;ta&;udk ajz&Sif;Edkif&ef óu;yrf;jcif;

jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd jynfwGif;vufeufudkif yÉdyuQrsm;twGif; uav;oli,frsm; yg0ifaer_tm; tjrefqHk;&yfwef@atmifvkyfaqmifzdk@ txl;ta&;w}uD; vdktyfvsuf&Sdonf? odk@aomf xdkjy\emudk ajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf 0dkif;0ef;tajz&Sm&mwGif vufeufudkifyÉdyuQrsm;xJ uav;rsm;yg0ifapatmif wGef;ydk@cJhonfh tjcm;EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/vlr_a&;jy\emrsm;udk rajz&Sif;bJESifh b,fvdkrS rSefuefaomtajzudk &SmazGEdkifrnfr[kwfyg?

jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd uav;ppfom;rsm;ta&;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf xdkta&;udpPESifh yg0ifywfoufaeonfh u¾toD;oD;/ tzJG@tpnf;wdk@uaeI xdkuav;ppfom;jy\emudk jzpfay:aponfh a&aomufjrpf ta=umif;t&mrsm;jzpfonfh 'Drdkua&pDESifh +idrf;csrf;r_/ vlrsKd;pkrsm;. udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhESifh pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfr_/ zGHòzd;wdk;wufr_ESifhw&m;r#wr_ ponfhta=umif;t&mrsm;udk azmfxkwftajz&Sm&ef vdktyfonf? xdk@tjyif uav;ppfom;jy\em jzpfaea=umif;tm; yGifhyGifhvif;vif;todtrSwfðyI trSefwu,f pdwf&if;apwem aumif;aumif;jzifh ajz&Sif;vdkaom tmoDorsm;&Sd&efvnf;vdktyfonf? Tonfwdk@tjyif uav;rsm;udk ppfwyftwGif; twif;t=uyf 0ifa&muf

Õ33333



ap&ef wGef;tm;ay;aeonfh tjcm;tcsufrsm;jzpfaom uav;touftrSefudk ppfaq;&efcufcJaponfh arG;pm&if;rSwfykHwifpepf aumif;rGefr_r&Sdr_/ rdom;pkqif;&J=uyfwnf;r_/t&nftaoG; jynfh0aumif;rGefaom ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;ESifh vli,fðypkysKd;axmifa&;vkyfief;rsm; uif;rJhaer_ ponfwdk@udkvnf; ajz&Sif;Edkif&ef vdktyfonf?

uav;ppfom;rsm; toHk;ðyr_&yfwef@&eftwGuf tjcm;ta=umif;t&mrsm;udkðyjyifajymif;vJ&ef vdktyfonfrSmrSefaomfvnf; tcsdef=um=umqJGxm;I r&Edkifyg? tem*wf &ifaoG;uav;i,frsm;onf tcsdefudkapmifhEdkifrnf r[kwfyg? xdk@twGufa=umifh,ckcsufcsif;vufiif; vkyfaqmifEdkifrnfh tvkyfrsm;udkvnf; tvsiftjrefvkyfaqmif&efvdktyfvsuf&Sdygonf? uav;rsm;udk ppfom;tjzpf toHk;csaeaom vufeufudkifppfwyfrsm;/ tzJG@tpnf;rsm;taejzifh uav;ppfom;rsm;ac:,ljcif;/ apcdkif;jcif;tm; ,ckcsufcsif; &yfwef@&ef vdktyfae+yDjzpfonf? uav;i,frsm;twGuf at;csrf;om,maom tem*wfurBmudk wnfaqmufay;Edkif&eftwGuf uav;rsm;tm; udkifaqmifxm;aom ppfvufeufrsm;udk jyefvnfðzwfodrf;ypfI ppfr_xrf;jcif;rS EkwfxGufap&efvdktyfvsuf&Sdygonf? uav;i,frsm;. b0jyefvnfðypkysKd;axmifa&;/ vlr_b0rsm;twGif; jyefvnftom;us &Sifoefa&;wdk@udk a&•S±_OD;wnfvkyfaqmifay;&ygrnf? xdk@twGuf jrefrmEdkifiHppftpdk;&jzpfaom EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHòzd;a&;aumifpD (SPDC)/ EkdifiHa&;twdkuftcHtkyfpkrsm;/ jrefrmhwyfrawmf/ tjcm;vufeufudkif twdkuftcHtiftm;pkrsm;/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;tkyfpkrsm;/ tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif; tm;vHk;wdk@taejzifh jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd uav;ppfom;rsm;jy\emudk ajz&Sif;Edkif&efESifh uav;rsm;tm; +idrf;csrf;aomb0udk &&SdcHpm;Edkifaomolrsm;jzpfap&eftwGuf vdktyfonfh vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk tjrefqkH;azmfaqmifóud;yrf; vkyfaqmifay;&eftwGuf yef=um;vdkygonf?

uav;ppfom;toHk;ðyjcif;udk &yfwef@atmif }udK;yrf;vkyfaqmif&mwGif ta&;ygonfhvkyfief;pOft,ltqrsm;

vufeufzsufodrf;jcif; (Disarmament) - yÉdyuQa'orsm;twGif;&Sd vufeufrsm;udk pkaqmif;odrf;qnf;I xdkvufeufrsm;udk vkHòcHpdwfcs&aomae&mwGif odrf;qnf;jcif; odk@r[kwf xdkvufeufrsm;udk zsufqD;pGef@ypfjcif;udk &nf!Gef;ygonf?



20

ppfr_xrf;tjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyjcif; (Demobilization) - wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonfh ppfonfwm0efrS w&m;0if±kyfodrf;vdkuf+yD; wm0efrS&yfpJvdkufa=umif;udkrSwfykHwifay;jcif;/ xdkodk@wm0efrS &yfpJvdkufaomolrsm;. ta&;ay:vdktyfonfht&mrsm;udk axmufyhHulnDay;I xdkolrsm; ae&yf&if;odk@ jyefEdkifatmif ydk@aqmifay;jcif;udk &nf!Gef;ygonf?jyefvnfxlaxmifðypkay;jcif; (Rehabilitation) - ppfajrjyifrsm;wGif uav; rsm;óuHawG@cHpm;cJ h&onfh ±kyfyd kif;qdkif&m xdcd kuf'%f&mrsm;ESif h pdwfyd kif;qdkif&memusifcHpm;&r_rsm; aysmufuif;ap&ef ukpm;ay;onfh vkyfief;pOfwckvHk;udk &nf!Gef;ygonf? jyefvnfxlaxmifðypkay;jcif; vkyfief;pOfonf uav;rsm;udk ‚if;wdk@. rdom;pkrsm;/ tkyfxdrf;olrsm; ESifh jyefvnfaygif;pnf;ay;&eftwGufESifh vlr_tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;odk@ jyefvnf0ifa&muf&eftwGuf jyifqifay;&ef &nf±G,fygonf?vlr_a&;qdkif&m jyefvnfaygif;pnf;tom;usapjcif; (Social Reintegration) -Tvkyfief;pOfonf vufeufudkifcJhaom ppfr_xrf;b0rS ul;ajymif;vmaom uav;rsm;tm; t&yfom;b0ESifh jyefvnfaygif;pnf; tom;usaexdkifEdkif&ef ulnDay;jcif;/rdom;pkb0ESifh vlr_todkif;t0dkif; ywf0ef;usifodk@ jyefvnfa&muf&SdcsdefwGif vlr_a&;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;t& tom;ususaexdkifEdkifatmif n‡dEd_if;aqmif&Gufay;jcif; vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk &nf!Gef;ygonf?+idrf;csrf;aomb0udk &&SdcHpm;Edkifaom uav;rsm;jzpfap&ef (Children as Zo-

nes of Peace) - vufeufudkifyÉdyuQa=umifh jzpfyGm;cJhaomtE W&m,frsm; uav;rsm;tay: rusa&mufapzdk@ uav;rsm;udkumuG,fay;&efESifh vufawG@usaom ay:vpDrsm;udk &SmazGpOf;pm; csrSwfEdkif&eftwGuf tpdk;&rsm;/ vufeufudkif tzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh vlr_tzGJŒtpnf;rsm;tm;vHk;Y wm0ef&dSa=umif; rD;armif;xdk;wifjyaom oabmw&m;jzpfonf? xdkoabmw&m;t& tpdk;&rsm;/ vufeufudkiftzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh vlr_tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;vHk;onfÐ uav;rsm;onf ppfa&;qdkif&m ypfrSwfrsm;r[kwfa=umif;/Ð rnfonfhtpdk;&. ppfwyfujzpfap/ twdkuftcH vufeufudkif tzJG@tpnf;rsm;ujzpfap/ xdkvufeufudkif tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;vufatmuf&Sd t&yfom;tzJG@tpnf;rsm;ujzpfap uav;rsm;tm; w&m;0if vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;t&vnf;aumif;/ w&m;r0ift&vnf;aumif; rdrd.wyfwGif wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef apcdkif;jcif;rðy&a=umif;/Ð vufeufudkif yÉdyuQumvyifjzpfapumrl uav;rsm;twGuf tajccHusonfh



usef;rma&;/ ynma&;/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&m ysKd;axmifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;/ ulnDaxmufyhHa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;&ef tmrcH&rnfjzpfa=umif;/Ð uav;rsm;udk ‚if;[email protected];pkrsm;jzifh wuJGwjym;jzpfjcif; r&Sdap&efESifh tu,fI‚if;wdk@uGJuGmaeygu jyefvnfaygif;pnf;&efwdk@twGuf twwfEdkifqHk;óud;yrf; vkyfaqmif oGm;&rnfjzpfa=umif;/Ð uav;rsm;/ ‚if;[email protected];pkrsm;ESifh vlr_tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. tajctaersm;udkapmifh=uyfavhvmaeaom tpdk;& odk@r[kwf tpkd;&r[kwfaomtzGJ@rsm;rS vl@tcGifhta&; v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufolrsm;tygt0if tjcm;axmufyHha&;vkyfief;rsm; yhHydk;ay;aeolrsm;. vkHòcHr_udk tmrcHay;&rnfjzpfovdk xdkolrsm;tay: aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;rusa&mufatmif tmrcHay;&rnfjzpfa=umif;/Ð uav;rsm;ESifh uav;rsm;.rdom;pkrsm;twGuf aexdkifonfh odk@r[kwf olwdk@rSDcdktm;xm;ae&onfh ausmif;rsm;/ aq;±kHrsm;/ aps;rsm;ESifh apmifha&Smufcdkv_H&m Xmersm;udk av;pm;&effESifh xdktaqmuftODrsm;udk ypfrSwfxm; wkdufcdkufr_/ ppfbufqdkif&m&nfrSef;csufjzifh toHk;csr_rsm; r&Sdap&a=umif; todtrSwfðy&rnfjzpfonf?

+idrf;csrf;r_ e,fajr (Peace Zone) - +idrf;csrf;r_ e,fajrxlaxmifjcif;onf +idrf;csrf;r_wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf r[mAsL[mw&yfyifjzpfygonf?



22

+idrf;csrf;r_ e,fajrqdkonfrSm xdke,fajrwGifaexdkifaom jynfolrsm;udk,fwdkifuxdka'oonf vufeufudkif tedÏm±kHHtrsKd;rsKd;rS uif;a0;aoma'o/ +idrf;csrf;a&;,Ofaus;r_ xGef;um;aoma'o/ obm0ywf0ef;usif t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk pepfwus xdrf;odrf;umuG,faoma'o/ vlxkb0 wdk;wufjrifhrm;a&;udk a&•S±_aom a'ojzpfonf[lI a=unmxm;aom aus;&Gmjzpfap/ òrdŒjzpfap/ a'owckvHk;jzpfapudkqdkvdkygonf? xdkodk@aomaus;&GmrsKd;udk zdvdydkifEdkifiH&Sd p*g'gaus;&Gmrsm;wGif awG@Edkifovdk +idrf;csrf;a&;a'otjzpf Oyrmudk vufwiftar&du&Sd tef'Dpfa'orsm;wGifawG@jrifEdkifygonf? xdka'o&Sd a'ocHjynfolrsm;onf vufeufudkif tzJG@tpnf;rsm;taejzifh a'ocHjynfolrsm;udk,fwdkifu a=unmxm;aom +idrf;csrf;r_ZHkrsm;udkav;pm;&eftwGuf wifjyaqG;aEG;r_rsm;tm; udk,fwdkifvkyfaqmif oGm;avh&Sdygonf? xdkodk@aqG;aEG;&mrS +idrf;csrf;a&;e,fajrESifh oufqdkifonfh vkyfief;pOf ay:vpDrsm;udk tjyeftvSef owfrSwfjyXmeff;I av;pm;vdkufem oGm;=uavh&Sdonf?

(u) uav;rsm;tm; ppfr_xrf;apjcif;ESifh oufqdkifonfh tjynfjynfqdkif&m pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;

uav;rsm;tm; ppfr_xrf;aponfh ta=umif;t&mESifhywfoufI wifjyta&;qdk&mwGif taxmuftultjzpf toHk;jyKEdkifrnfh EdkifiHwumOya'rsm;udk tjynfjynfqdkif&m todkif;t0dkif;wGif jyXmef;xm;ygonf? uav;rsm;tm; ppfr_xrf;apjcif;ESifhoufqdkifonfh tjynfjynfqdkif&m pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk uav;oli,f tcGifhta&;qdkif&m oabmwlpmcsKyf/ tjynfjynfqdkif&m tvkyform;tzJG@csKyf. oabmwlpmcsKyftrSwf (182)/ EdkifiHwum &mZ0wfr_qdkif&mw&m;&Hk;. vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifh *sDeDAmoabmwlpmcsKyfwdk@wGif awG@Edkifonf?

1? EdkifiHwumu todtrSwfðyxm;aom EdkifiHwum uav;tcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&m oabmwlpmcsKyfwGif ppfjzpfyGm;aeaom tcsdefrsm;twGif; uav;rsm;udktumtuG,fay;&ef tpdk;&rsm;udk wm0efay;xm;+yD; qENtavsmuf ppfwyftwGif; 0ifa&muftr_xrf;Edkifonfh w&m;0iftedrfhqHk;toufudkk (15) ESpf[k owfrSwf jyXmef;xm;ygonf? Tw&m;0iftedrfhqHk; toufowfrSwfcsufudk 2000ckESpf/ arvwGif ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcHu twnfðyjyXmef;vdkufaom u



av;tcGifhta&; oabmwlpmcsKyf. vufeufudkifppfyJGrsm;wGif uav;rsm;yg0ifr_ESifh oufqdkifonfh aemufqufwGJpmcsKyfY touf (18) ESpf[k wdk;jr‡ifhjyXmef;cJhygonf?uav;tcGifhta&; oabmwlpmcsKyf. vufeufudkifyÉdyuQtwGif; uav;rsm;yg0ifaer_ESihf oufqdkifonfh aemufqufwGJ oabmwlpmcsKyfwGifæ

Ò pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEkdifiHrsm;taejzifh ‚if;wdk@. vufeufudkifwyfzJG@rsm;wGiftouf (18) ESpf rjynfhao;aomolrsm;tm; ppfyJGtwGif; wdkuf±dkuftE W&m,fusa&mufapEdkifonfh tpdwftydkif;rsm;wGif yg0ifjcif;rjyK&ef/Ò touf (18) ESpfatmuf&Sdolrsm;udk ppfwyftwGif; 0ifa&mufapcdkif;jcif;ESifh vlopfpkaqmif;jcif;wdk@udk wm;jrpf&ef/Ò qENtavsmuf ppfxJ0ifEkdifonfh w&m;0iftedrfhqkH;toufudk tenf;qkH; (16) ESpf[k wdk;jr‡ifhay;&efESifh jzpfEkdifygu (18) ESpf[k owfrSwfay;&ef/Ò ppfwyftwGif; 0ifa&mufEdkifonfh toufowfrSwfcsufudk tpdk;&.qENoufoufjzifh avsmhcsjcif;rðy&ef/Ò qENtavsmuf ppfwyftwGif;0ifa&mufygu toufjynfh/ rjynfhudkppfaq;Edkif&eftwGuf toufjynfha=umif; axmufcHcsufESifh rdbaxmufcHcsufwdk@udk oufaoawmif;&ef/



24

Ò tpkd;&rSr[kwfaom tzJG@rsm;rSvnf; touf (18) ESpfatmuf uav;rsm;udk ppfom;opfpkaqmif;jcif;ESifh tokH;ðyjcif;rsm;tm;vkH;udk &yfwef@&ef ponfjzifh awmif;qdkxm;onf?

TaemufqufwGJpmcsKyfonf 2002 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv 12 &ufae@wGif touf0ifvmcJhygonf? TaemufqufwGJpmcsKyfudk ta&S•tm&SESifh ypdzdwfa'orS uarBm'D;,m;/ w±kwf/ tif'kdeD;±Sm;ESifh wDarmEkdifiHrsm;rS y%mrvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;+yD;/ AD,uferfESifhzdvpfydkif ESpfEkdifiHrS twnfðyvufrSwf a&;xdk;xm;ygonf?2? tjynfjynfqdkif&m tvkyform;tzJG@csKyf (ILO) . pmcsKyfwckjzpfaom tqdk;0g;qHk;uav;vkyftm; apcdkif;r_ykHpHrsm; yaysmufa&;twGuf csufcsif;ta&;,l aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh wm;jrpfjcif;qdkif&m oabmwlpmcsKyf trSwf (182) wGif

Ò vufeufudkifyÉdyuQrsm;wGif tokH;ðy&eftwGufuav;rsm;udk twif;t=uyf ppfr_xrf;apcdkif;jcif;onf tqdk;0g;qHk; uav;vkyftm;apcdkif;r_ yHkpHwckjzpfonf[kowfrSwfxm;+yD; xdkodk@ppfr_xrf;apjcif;udk tjrefqHk;tqHk;owf&ef azmfjyxm;onf?3? EkdifiHwum &mZ0wfr_qdkif&mw&m;±kH;. vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;wGifvnf;

Ò touf 15 ESpfatmufuav;rsm;udk ppfr_xrf;&eftwGuf apcdkif;jcif; odk@r[kwf ppfr_rxrf;rae& Oya'owfrSwfjyXmef;jcif; odk@r[kwf EdkifiHwumqdkif&mESifhEkdifiHwum qdkif&mr[kwfaom vufeufudkifyÉdyuQrsm;t=um; tE W&m,f&Sdaom taetxm;rsKd;wGif wdkuf±dkufyg0ifywfoufap&ef tokH;ðyjcif;rsm;onf ppfyGJqdkif&m &mZ0wfr_w&yf jzpfonf[k azmfjyxm;onf?4? *sDeDAmoabmwllpmcsKyf. aemufqufwJGpmcsKyftrSwf (2) wGif

Ò EkdifiHwumt=um; jzpfyGm;jcif;r[kwfonfh yÉdyuQrsm;ESifhtóuH;0ifonfh*sDeDAmoabmwlpmcsKyf. aemufqufwJGpmcsKyftrSwf (2) wGif ppfwdkuf&mwGif yg0ifaeaom rnfonfhtzJGŒ. ppfwyfrsm;wGifrS uav;rsm;udk ppfr_xrf;apjcif; rðyvkyfoifh[kjyXmef;xm;ygonf?

t}uHðycsufrsm;(c) EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHŒ òzd;a&;aumifpD (SPDC) odk@ t}uHðycsuf

1? jy\em&yfwckudk ajz&Sif;&eftwGuf yxrqkH;tqifhrSm xdkjy\em trSefwu,fjzpfyGm;aea=umif;udk todtrSwfðy&efjzpfygonf? xdk@twGufa=umifh etzESifh jrefrmh



wyfrawmfonf wdkif;jynftwGif;&Sd uav;ppfom;rsm;tajctaeudk trSeftwdkif; azmfxkwf&ef tcsdefusa&mufae+yDjzpfonf? etzonf touf (18) ESpfatmuf&SdaomolrnfolwOD;wa,mufudkr# ppfom;tjzpf pkaqmif;jcif;rðy[k ay:vpDcsrSwfxm;ygonf?odk@aomf xdkay:vpDcsrSwfvdkufjcif;a=umifh uav;ppfom;rsm;r&Sd[k qdkEdkifrnf r[kwfyg?etztaejzifh xdkcsrSwfxm;aom ay:vpDrl0g'rsm; trSefwu,foufa&mufr_&Sdap&eftmrcH &rnfhtjyif xdkrl0g'tm; apmfum;azmufzsufol/ csKd;azmufusL;vGefaom olrsm;udk Oya't& tjypfay;ta&;,l&ef/2? xdk@jyif uav;tcGifhta&; oabmwlpmcsKyf. vufeufudkifyÉdyuQrsm;wGif uav;rsm; yg0ifywfoufaer_ESifh oufqdkkifaom aemufqufwGJpmcsKyfudk etztaejzifh y%mrvufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;/ twnfðyjcif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;udkaqmif&Guf&ef?3? +idrf;csrf;aomb0udk &&SdcHpm;Edkifaom uav;rsm;jzpfap&ef (Children as Zones

of Peace) udk a=unmvkyfaqmif&ef/ touf (18) ESpfatmuf&Sdolrsm;udk ppfr_xrf;apjcif;r&Sdatmif csrSwfxm;onfh touf (18) atmufuav;rsm;tm; ppfr_rxrf;ap&[laomrl0g'udk wif;=uyfpGmvdkufemapjcif;ESifh trSefwu,f vdkufemr_&Sdr&Sd apmifh=uyfjcif;wdk@udk vkyfudkif&ef/ vuf&SdppfwyftwGif;wGif ppfr_xrf;aeaom uav;ppfom;rsm;udk ppfr_xrf;&mrS ElwfxGufcGifhðyjcif;ESifh jyefvnfðypkysKd;axmifay;jcif;/ vlr_tzGJ@tpnf;twGif; jyefvnfaygif;pnf;jcif;twGuf vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk jznfhqnf;yHhydk;ay;&ef/4? uav;ppfom;rsm;tm; ppfr_xrf;tjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhðyjcif;ESifh jyefvnfðypkysKd;axmifay;jcif;/ vlr_tzGJ@tpnf;wGif; jyefvnfaygif;pnf;jcif; vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;udk qxufxrf;ydk;aqmif&Gufvdkaom EdkifiHwumESifh a'oqdkif&mtzJG@tpnf;rsm;udketztaejzifh óudqdkvufcH&ef/5? arG;zGm;r_ rSwfykHwifjcif;udk pepfwus wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmatmif vkyfaqmif&ef/uav;i,frsm;twGuf ynma&;/ usef;rma&;ESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;r_ tcGifhtvrf;rsm;tygt0if tajccHvlr_a&; axmufyhHay;r_rsm; wdk;wufvmatmif &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHay;&ef/ xdkuJ@odk@ arG;pm&if;rsm;udk pepfwusrSwfyHkwifr_ ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmjcif;/ ynma&;pepfydkrdkjrifhrm;vmjcif;ESifh tjcm;aomtajccHvlr_a&; axmufyHhr_rsm; ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmjcif;wdk@ &Sdvmygu uav;i,frsm;tm; ppfwyftwGif; 0ifa&mufapcdkif;jcif;udkwm;qD;&ef taxmuftuljzpfvmEdkifayrnf?6? uav;ppfom;rsm;u usL;vGefcJhaom&mZ0wfr_rsm; odk@r[kwf wm0efxrf;aqmif



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aepOftwGif; tjcm;olrsm;u ‚if;wdk@tay: usL;vGefcJhonfh &mZ0wfr_rsm;ESifhywfoufIw&m;pD&ifr_pepfw&yf ay:xGef;vmap&eftwGuf vlr_tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifhtwl yl;aygif;aqmif&GufoGm;&ef/&? jrefrmEkdifiH. EkdifiHa&;jy\emrsm;udk ppfa&;t&ajz&Sif;rnfhtpm; +idrf;csrf;pGmjzifhEkdifiHa&;t& ajz&Sif;oGm;&eftwGuf twdkuftcHtkyfpkrsm;ESifh vufwGJvkyfaqmifoGm;&ef/etztaejzifh twdkuftcHygwDESifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkwdk@jzifh awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_ vkyfief;pOfrsm;pwif&ef/ xdkodk@awG@qHk aqG;aEG;onfh umvrsm;twGif;Yyif vufeufukdif yÉdyuQrsm;. qdk;usKd;udkcHpm;cJh&aom uav;rsm;ESifh jrefrmhwyfrawmfESifh vufeufudkiftwdkuftcH tiftm;pkrsm;. ðyr_qufqHr_rsm;a=umifh xdcdkufepfemcJh&aom uav;rsm;ta&;udk OD;pm;ay;xnfhoGif; aqG;aEG;&ef/9? tpdk;&r[kwfaom vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm;twGif;rS uav;ppfom;rsm;udk ppfr_xrf;jcif;rS EkwfxGufcGifhðyonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk etztaejzifh axmufcHtm;ay;&ef/ tpdk;&r[kwfaom vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm;qDu ppfr_xrf;jcif;rS ElwfxGufvmaom uav;rsm;udk jyefvnfðypk ysKd;axmifay;jcif;ESifh jyefvnfaygif;pnf;a&;twGuf jyifqifay;jcif;udk vkyfudkifay;aeaom a'orsm;udk vHkòcHatmifzefwD;ay;&ef/

(*) tpkkd;&r[kwfaom vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm; (Non-State Actors) odk@ t}uHðycsufrsm;

1? uav;rsm;. tcGifhta&; umuG,fay;a&;udk xdrf;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&ef/ +idrf;csrf;aomb0udk &&SdcHpm;Edkifaom uav;rsm;jzpfap&ef/ (Children as Zones of Peace)

udk av;pm;I trSefwu,f wdk;jr‡ifhvkyfaqmif&ef/ touf (18) ESpfatmuf uav;rsm;udk ppfr_xrf;apjcif;rS &yfwef@&ef/ touf (18) ESpfatmufuav;rsm;udk ppfom;opftjzpf rac:,l&[laom ay:vpDrl0g'w&yf ay:xGef;vmap&efESifh xdkay:vpDrl0g'udktaumiftxnfazmfr_tm; apmifh=uyfppfaq;Edkif&eftwGuf tzJG@wzJG@ESifhwzJG@ ulnDoGm;&ef/2? rdrdwkd@. wyfzGJ@rsm;wGif uav;rsm;udk ppfr_xrf;jcif;rS EkwfxGufcGifhðyjcif;/ jyefvnfðypkysKd;axmifjcif;ESifh vlr_a&;qdkif&m jyefvnfaygif;pnf;tom;usapjcif;wdk@udk vlr_vlwef;pm; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh vufwJGI pkaygif;taumiftxnfazmfoGm;&ef/



3? vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh uav;tcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&m oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;udk [email protected]@0ifrsm;twGuf pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;&ef/ rdrdwdk@. tkyfcsKyfr_vufatmufwGif&Sdaom&yf&Gma'orsm;wGif uav;i,frsm; zHG@òzd;wdk;wufa&;twGuf &yf&GmvlxkESifh yl;wJGvkyfaqmifoGm;&ef/

4? &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfaom tr_rsm;udkusL;vGefcJhaom uav;ppfom;rsm;ESifh t=urf;zufr_rsm; usL;vGefcH&aom uav;ppfom;rsm;twGuf w&m;pD&ifa&; ,E W&m;rsm;udkowfrSwfjyXmef;Edkif&eftwGuf vlxktzGJŒtpnf;rsm;jzifh vufwGJvkyfaqmifoGm;&ef/5? jrefrmEkdifiH. EkdifiHa&;jy\em&yfrsm;twGuf +idrf;csrf;aomEkdifiHa&; enf;AsL[mrsm;jzifh ajz&Sif;Edkifa&;udk OD;pm;ay;aqmif&GufoGm;&ef/ ppftpdk;&ESifh awG@qkHaqG;aEG;r_rsm;jzpfay:vmatmif yHhydk;tm;ay;Edkifrnfh vlxktzJG@tpnf;rsm; tm;aumif;vmapa&;twGuf vkyfaqmifoGm;&ef/

(C) vlxktajcðy tzJG@tpnf;rsm;tm; t}uHðycsufrsm;

1? a'ocH vlxktzGJŒrsm;ESifh tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJŒrsm;taejzifhu? uav;ppfom;rsm;ta&;onf trSefwu,f ta&;w}uD;csufcsif;vkyfaqmif&rnfh ta&;udpPjzpfonfudk todtrSwfðy+yD; oifhavsmfaom v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_rsm; jzpfay:vmap&eftwGuf v_H@aqmfay;Edkifonfh tcsuftvufrsm; &&SdjyifqifEdkifatmif ulnDvkyfaqmifay;&ef/ jynfwGif;&Sd jynfolvlxkrsm;ESifh xdpyfvkyf



28

udkifaeaomtzJG@rsKd; odk@r[kwf vufeufudkiftzJG@rsm;ESifhqufpyfr_&Sdaom tzJGŒrsKd;wdk@onf uav;ppfom;ta&;ESifh ywfoufI v_H@aqmfrnfholrsm;udk owif;tcsuftvufrsm; ydkrdkay;Edkifonfh taetxm;rsKd;&Sdonf?c? rdrdwdk@vkyfudkifaeaom vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Guf&mwGifuav;ppfom;rsm;ta&;udk xnfhoGif;&ef/*? touf(18)ESpfatmuf uav;rsm;udk ppfwyftwGif; 0ifa&mufapjcif; rðy&efESifh uav;ppfom;rsm;ta&;udk ydkrdkem;vnfobmaygufvmap&ef &nf&G,fItpdk;&r[kwfaom tzJG@rsm;ESifh a'ocHetz ppfwyf&if;rsm;onf w&m;0ifjzpfap/w&m;r0ifjzpfap awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_rsm;ðyvkyf&ef/C? uav;rsm;tm; ppfwyftwGif; 0ifa&mufcdkif;jcif;tm; wm;jrpfa&;ESifh ppfwyfwm0efrS EkwfxGufvmcJhaom uav;ppfom;rsm;tm; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;twGuf oifahvsmfonhf rl0g'ESifhtpDtpOfrsm;csrSwf&ef óud;yrf;aeaom vufeufudkiftzJG@tpnf;rsm;udk ulnDr_rsm;ay;&ef/

i? ppfwyfpcef;rsm;uaeI xGufcGmvmaom uav;rsm;taejzifh vHkòcHpdwfcsr_&Sdonf[k cHpm;ap+yD; ppfwyfrSxGufcGmvmonfhtwGuf tjypfay;jcif;udk rðyvkyfEdkifaom/ uav;rsm;twGuf cdkv_H&mae&mrsm;/ ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; taqmifrsm;&Sdaom uav;rsm;twGuf cdkvH_p&mae&mrsm;udk vufeufudkiftzJG@rsm;u azmfxkwfzefwD;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf ulnDaqmif&Gufay;&ef/ xdkodk@vkyfaqmif&mwGifvkHòcHpdwfcs &onf[kqdkaom xdkcdkv_H&mae&mrsm;onf ppfom;rsm;pkaqmif;onfh



ae&mrsKd;jzpfroGm;ap&ef twGuf tmrcH&ef txl;ta&;}uD;onf?p? ppfr__xrf;tjzpfrS EkwfxGufvmaom uav;rsm; odk@r[kwf tjcm;wzufrSvufeufcsxGufajy;I rdrdwdk@xHcdkv_Hvmonfh uav;ppfom;rsm;twGuf pmoifausmif;opfrsm;/ ynma&;pDrHcsufrsm;udk tjrefqHk; wdk;csJŒvkyfudkifoGm;&ef/ ppfr_xrf;wm0efrS EkwfxGufvmonfh uav;rsm;twGuf ‚if;wdk@. touft&G,f/ukpm;ay;&ef vdktyfaomtcsufrsm;ESifh ppfrufa'orsm;. tjyifbuf b0vrf;opfrsm;twGuf trSefwu,f t"dym,f&Sd+yD; oihfavsmfonfh ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm; wdk;wufjrifhrm;vma&;udk vkyfaqmifjznfhqnf;ay;&ef/q? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif umv=umjrifhpGmjzpfyGm;aecJhaom jy\emrsm;udk ajz±Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf EkdifiHa&;t& +idrf;csrf;pGm awG@qkHaqG;aEG;r_rsm; wdk;wufjzpfay:vmapa&;twGuf 0dkif;0ef;yHhydk;aqmif±GufoGm;&ef/Z? jrefrmEkdifiH+idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf a&&SnfwnfwhHcdkif+rJaom tajzudk&SmEdkif&effEdkifiHtwGif; +idrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmufr_ vkyfief;rsm;udk wdk;wufatmif vkyfaqmif=u&ef/

2? EkdifiHwum todkif;t0dkif;odk@ t}uHðycsufrsm;

u? jrefrmEdkifiH jynfwGif;jynfy&Sd vlxktzJG@tpnf;rsm;. pGrf;&nfjr‡ifhwifa&;ESifhvkyfaqmifEdkifr_ t&nftcsif; wdk;wufa&;twGuf oifhavsmfaom t&if;tjrpftaxmuftulrsm;/ twwfynmyhHydk;r_rsm;ESifh EdkifiHa&;t& axmufcHtm;ay;r_rsm;udk yhHydk;ay;&ef/ txl;ojzifh uav;tcGifhta&;qdkif&m vkyfief;e,fy,frsm;wGifvnf;aumif;/ uav;ppfom;toHk;ðyr_udk &yfwhH&efvkyfaqmifonfh v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;ESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufr_rsm; vkyfaqmif&mwGifvnf;aumif; txl;ulnDyhHydk;r_rsm; vkyfaqmif&ef/c? jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd 'Drdkua&pDta&;ESifh uav;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk EdkifiHwumuydkrdkod&SdI tm;ay;axmufcHr_rsm;&&Sdatmif vkyfaqmifoGm;&ef/*? urBm@ukvor*~ vkHòcHa&;aumifpD. vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif jrefrmEkdifiH.'Drdkua&pDta&;ESifh uav;rsm;udk tumtuG,fay;a&; ta=umif;t&mudk OD;pm;ay;I xnfhoGif;aqG;aEG;oGm;&ef/C? a'otwGif;&Sd tjcm;aomtpdk;&rsm;/ ta&S•awmiftm&S EkdifiHrsm;toif;



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(ASEAN) ESifh tm&Sypdzdwfa'o pD;yGm;a&;yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ tzGJ@ (APEC)

wdk@u etzppftpdk;&tay: EdkifiHa&;ðyjyifajymif;vJr_rsm; jzpfay:a&;twGuf ta&;qdkvmapzdk@ v_H@aqmf&ef/

i? etzppftpdk;&u uav;ppfom;rsm;ta&;udk todtrSwfðyI wkH@jyefaqmif&Gufr_rsm; vkyfaqmifvmatmif wdkuf±dkufv_H@aqmf&ef/p? oufqdkif&m EkdifiHwum oabmwlpmcsKyf,E W&m;rsm;wGif jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd vl@tcGifhta&; csKd;azmufr_rsm;udk wifjyta&;qdk wdkif=um;&ef/q? jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk axmufcHtm;ay;&ef/Z? tpdk;&r[kwfaom vufeufudkiftzJG@tpnf;rsm;udk vrf;vSrf;rD xdpyfEdkifatmifvkyfaqmif&ef/

(i) uav;rsm;onf +idrf;csrf;a&;. rdwfzufyifjzpfonf?

aemufqkH;taeESifh tm;vHk;udkyef=um;vdkonfrSm jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd uav;oli,frsm;ESifh vli,frsm;t=um;wGif vkyfEdkifudkifEdkifpGrf;rsm; txl;rsm;jym;pGm &Sdaeonfhtcsufudk todtrSwfðyay;&efjzpfonf? vufeufudkif tzJGŒrsm;wGif uav;ppfom;rsm;onfyifv#if uav;ppfom;rsm; toHk;ðyjcif;udk &yfwefŒ&eftwGuf ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk olwdk@udk,fwdkif &SmazGEdkifpGrf;&Sdonf? uav;oli,frsm;onf w&m;r#wI +idrf;



csrf;aomEdkifiH. tem*wftwGuf ar#mfrSef;csufrsm;udk o,faqmifxm;olrsm;jzpfovdku|Ekfyfwdk@udk,fwdkif rajzEdkifaomar;cGef;rsm;. tajzydkif&Sifrsm;vnf;jzpfonf? xdk@jyifa&S•qufvkyfaqmif&rnfh ajcvSrf;rsm;udk ydkifpdk;onfh cGeftm;&Sifrsm;vnf; jzpfygonf?uav;i,frsm;onf ppfyJGrsm;ukd&yfwef@ap+yD; +idrf;csrf;a&;udk vufwJGyg0ifrnfh vufwJGazmfrdwfzufrsm; jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm txufwGifazmfjyxm;onfh t}uHðycsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfonfh tqifhwdkif;wGif uav;rsm;.qEN/ toHESifh aqG;aEG;r_rsm; yg0if&efvdktyfonf?

“ ppfyGJtqkH;owfa&;twGuf

Õ urBm@acgif;aqmifrsm;onf tiftm;tokH;ðyjcif;tpm; +idrf;csrf;pGmjzifh aphpyfn‡dE_dif;aqG;aEG;r_enf;vrf;rsm; toHk;ðyjcif;jzifhom yÉdyuQrsm;udk ajz±Sif;aqmif&GufoGm;&ef?Õ 'kuQonfuav;rsm;ESifh ppfyGJrsm;.om;aumifjzpfcH&aom uav;rsm;udk enf;vrf;aygif;pkHjzifh tumuG,fay;&efESifh tjcm;aomuav;rsm; tm;vkH;uJhodk@ wlnDaomtcGifhtvrf;rsm; &&Sdap&ef?Õ vufeufzsufodrf;&ef/ vufeufrsm;ukeful;r_ yaysmufap&efESifh uav;ppfom;rsm;tokH;ðyr_ tqkH;owf&ef vdktyfonf[k u|Ekfyfwdk@ uav;rsm;u ±_jrifoHk;oyfonf?

uav;rsm;. tcGifhta&;twGuf wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;&mwGif twlwuG vufwJGyl;aygif;aqmif±GufoGm;&ef u|Ekfyfwdk@uwdðyonf? uav;rsm;udk,fpm; oifwdk@vkyfaqmifrnfhv_yf±Sm;r_rsm;udk axmufcH&eftwGuf u|Efkyfwdk@uwdðypOfrSmyif u|Efkyfwdk@vkyfaqmifaeaom v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udkvnf; oifwdk@u axmufcH&ef yef=um;vdkygonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf urBmay:&Sd uav;i,frsm;tay: txiftjrif vJGrSm;r_rsm; &Sdaoma=umifhjzpfonf?- u|Ekfyfwdk@onf jy\emrsm;. a&aomufjrpfrsm;r[kwfyg? u|Ekfyfwdk@onf xdkjy\emrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh t&if;tjrpfrsm;omjzpfygonf?- u|Ekfyfwdk@onf ukefusr_&Sdaom t&mrsm;r[kwfbJ/ &if;EDS;jrKyfESHp&m t&mrsm;omjzpfonf?- u|Ekfyfwdk@rSm i,f&G,folrsm; oufoufomr[kwfbJ/ TurBm}uD;. EkdifiHom;ESifhjynfolrsm;vnf; jzpf=uygonf?



32

u|Ekfyfwdk@tay: wm0ef&Sdr_rsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;u vufrcHrcsif; u|Efkyfwdk@. tcGifhta&;rsm;udk awmif;qdkoGm;rnfjzpfonf? u|Ekfyfwdk@wGif jyif;jyaompdwfqEN/tawGŒtóuHA[kokw/ wkH@jyefcHpm;r_ESifh cdkifrmaom &nfrSef;csufrsm;&Sdonf?

tm;vkH;twGuf ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom urBm}uD;wckudk ±kef;uefóud;pm; azmfaqmifoGm;&ef u|Efkyfwdk@tm;vHk; pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf=uonf? oifwdk@u u|Ekfyfwdk@tm;tem*wf uav;rsm;[k ac:a0:aeaomfvnf; u|Efkyfwdk@onf ,ae@ypPKyefrsm;vnf;jzpfonf? ”

2002 ckESpfwGif uav;rsm;twGuf txl;tpDtpOftjzpf usif;ycJhaomukvor*~ taxGaxGnDvmcHodk@ wifoGif;cJhonfh uav;rsm;. “ u|Efkyfwdk@twGufvdkuf avsmnDaxG oifhavsmfaomurBm}uD;” aqG;aEG;yGJo0%fv$mrS aumufEkwfxm;csufjzpfonf?


end the use of children as soldiers in burma ch… · end the use of children as soldiers in burma...

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