EN8592 – WASTE WATER ENGINEERING

UNIT – 1 – PLANNING AND DESIGN

OF SEWAGE SYSTEMS

SESSION -8 – SEWER MATERIALS

03-02-2020 MATHANAKEERTHI S / AP / CIVIL ENGINEERING / SNSCE 1

To know about the types of sewer materials

To compare the different materials to find which is suitable to which place.

To know about the efficiency and performance of building materials.

What is the need to know the topic??

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The following factors must be considered before selecting a sewer material:

Resistance to corrosion

Resistance to Abrasion

Strength and durability

Light weight

Imperviousness

Cost of the material

Hydraulically efficient (Should have smooth interior surface and minimum loss)

Factors of consideration

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1.ASBESTOS CEMENT

SEWER

Cement

Silica

Asbestos fiber

Under pressure

Forms asbestos cement

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1.ASBESTOS CEMENT SEWER

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1.ASBESTOS CEMENT

SEWER

Sizes – 10 – 90 cm dia and 4m length

Requires Ring tie coupling

The coupling consists of Sleeve and two rubber ring

arrangement

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1.ASBESTOS CEMENT

SEWER

Ring tie coupling

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Advantages:

Light weight

Easily assembled at any place

Smooth interior surface (N = 0.011)

Hydraulically efficient

1.ASBESTOS CEMENT

SEWER

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Disadvantages:

Not strong (Couldn’t bear compressive stresses)

Susceptible to corrosion

Not suitable for vertical pipes

1.ASBESTOS CEMENT

SEWER

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Small dia to larger dia (0.45 m – 4.5 m)

Can be made onsite (cast in situ) or off-site (pre cast)

Mix is 1: 1.5 : 3

W/C ratio 0.5 to 0.7

Longitudinal reinforcement = 0.25% of cross sectional area

Reinforcement have to be provided in three ways

Joint – Bell and Spigot joint

2. PCC AND RCC

SEWERS

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2. PCC AND RCC SEWERS

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Bell and Spigot joint

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Single cage reinforcement – Single reinforcement near the

inner surface – to withstand the hoop tension

Double cage reinforcement – One reinforcement near the

inner surface and other near outer surface - to withstand

internal and external pressure

Elliptical cage reinforcement – Elliptical reinforcement - to

withstand external pressure alone.

2. PCC AND RCC

SEWERS

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Inner surface of pipe

Reinforcement

Outer surface of pipe

2. PCC AND RCC

SEWERS

Single cage reinforcement

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Inner surface of pipe

Inner Reinforcement

Outer surface of pipe

2. PCC AND RCC

SEWERS

Double cage reinforcement

Outer reinforcement

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Inner surface of pipe

Reinforcement

Outer surface of pipe

2. PCC AND RCC

SEWERS

Elliptical cage reinforcement

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Concrete can be poured by :

ordinary method of pouring and ramping

Centrifugal process

Cylinder type

2. PCC AND RCC

SEWERS

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Advantages:

Strong in compression and tension forces

Resistant to erosion and abrasion

Easily manufactured

Economical

2. PCC AND RCC

SEWERS

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Disadvantages:

Get corroded easily

Requires lining for protection

2. PCC AND RCC

SEWERS

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3.VITRIFIED CLAY

SEWER

Clay and shale

Pulverization

& mixing with water

Casting under pressure of 8.5 kg/cm2

Drying in hot kilns at 1200

degree Celsius

Addition of Sodium chloride

Salt vaporizes at high

temperature and produces

glazed surface

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3.VITRIFIED CLAY SEWER

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3.VITRIFIED CLAY

SEWER

Advantages:

High resistant to corrosion

Suitable for carrying highly polluted sewer

Highly impervious

Cheap and durable

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3.VITRIFIED CLAY

SEWER

Disadvantages:

Heavy and bulk

Brittle

Difficult to transport

Length of pipe is small - Requires many joints

Cannot withstand high pressure

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ACTIVITY

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ACTIVITY

Answer : Z

Explanation : In each row, multiply the numerical values of

the left and right hand letters, putting the

result in the centre.

Can be constructed at sites

Not in use now a days

Suitable for constructing large sewer

Requires plastering on outer surface to prevent

corrosion, entry of roots, leakage on its surface

4. BRICK SEWER

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4. BRICK SEWER

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Structurally strong and can withstand high tensile and

compressive forces

Requires lining of cement concrete on inner surface and

painting by tar on outer surface

Manufactured by Sand Molding and Centrifugal process

Requires Bell and spigot joint

5.CAST IRON SEWER

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5.CAST IRON SEWER

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5.CAST IRON SEWER

Sand molding

Horizontal position

Mcwane pipes

Vertical position

Pit cast pipes

More strong in tension

and rupture than vertical

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5.CAST IRON SEWER

Centrifugal process

Sand moulds

Sand spun pipes

Metallic moulds

Delavaud pipes

More dense & tough than

Delavaud pipe

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Advantages:

Suitable for

o Outfall sewers

o Sewers below heavy traffic loads, railways and runways

o For low lying areas

o For sewer to be laid water pipe line (100% leak proof)

Stronger and durable

5.CAST IRON SEWER

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Disadvantages:

Subjected to corrosion

Requires lining

5.CAST IRON SEWER

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Smooth and soft

Easily bent to odd shapes

Not affected by acid and alkalis

Suitable for small dia pipes (3 – 4 cm)

Used as down taken / connecting pipes from wash basins,

urinals or geysers

6.LEAD SEWER

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6.LEAD SEWER

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Suitable for all types of pipes (Pressure pipes and

variable dia pipes)

Best for internal water supplies

Low deformation (Rate of deformation is less when

compared with other pipes)

7.PLASTIC SEWER

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7.PLASTIC SEWER

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