EN50360/1EN50360/1

Measurement of SAR related to humanMeasurement of SAR related to humanexposure to EM fields from mobile phonesexposure to EM fields from mobile phones

(300 MHz - 3 GHz)(300 MHz - 3 GHz)

Group 4A member: Eric(92850219)Group 4A member: Eric(92850219) Sam(50255035) Sam(50255035)

Wilbur (97070763)Wilbur (97070763)

Celluar phoneCelluar phoneHealth concernHealth concern

Brain cancer?Brain cancer?

Affect memory?Affect memory?

Affect human analysis ability?Affect human analysis ability?

Motorola SAM Scan Profiler in Motorola SAM Scan Profiler in Hong KongHong Kong

What is SAR??What is SAR??

SAR - SAR - SSpecific pecific AAbsorption bsorption RRateate

It is an indication of the amount of radiation that is It is an indication of the amount of radiation that is absorbed into a head whilst using a cellular phoneabsorbed into a head whilst using a cellular phone

A SAR value is a measure of the maximum A SAR value is a measure of the maximum energy absorbed by a unit of mass of exposed energy absorbed by a unit of mass of exposed tissue.tissue.

Units = watts per kilogram (W/kg)Units = watts per kilogram (W/kg)

Definition of SARDefinition of SAR Definition of SAR:Definition of SAR:

EEi i : rms value of the electric field strength in the tissue in : rms value of the electric field strength in the tissue in

V/mV/m σσ : Conductivity of body tissue in Kg/m : Conductivity of body tissue in Kg/m33

CCi i : heat capacity of body tissue in J/Kg K: heat capacity of body tissue in J/Kg K

: derivative of temperature in body tissue in K/s: derivative of temperature in body tissue in K/s

t

Tc

ρ

σESAR

2

t

T

Preparation - LaboratoryPreparation - Laboratory

1515˚c - 30˚c ±˚c - 30˚c ±22˚c˚c No interact with local networkNo interact with local network Be aware of ambient EM sourcesBe aware of ambient EM sources Be aware of reflection from environmentBe aware of reflection from environment ValidationValidation

At least once a yearAt least once a year

Preparation - MobilePreparation - Mobile

battery must be Fully chargedbattery must be Fully charged So that, the worst case (maximum power) So that, the worst case (maximum power)

obtainedobtained

At least 50cm between emulator antenna At least 50cm between emulator antenna and the mobileand the mobile

11‰‰ or less power from the antenna with or less power from the antenna with respect to the mobilerespect to the mobile

x zy

Indication Board

Amplifier

3 chan

nels

D

VM

w

ith

DA

Q

card

Serial Ports: COM1, COM2, COM3

Position Controller

GPIB to grab the data from the DVM

Flat phantom Left headRight head

Hardware System Overview Change 2x9V batteries every 16 hours

Tests to be performedTests to be performed

Cheek and tiltedCheek and tilted Left and right sides of the headLeft and right sides of the head Center frequency of each bandCenter frequency of each band Retractable antennaRetractable antenna

ExtendedExtended RetractedRetracted

Multi-mode/multi-bandMulti-mode/multi-band Performed in each mode with max powerPerformed in each mode with max power

Test SetupTest Setup

Mobile phone operatiMobile phone operating at the maximum png at the maximum power levelower level

Phone holder describPhone holder described positions at a shell ed positions at a shell phantom of a human phantom of a human beingbeing

Test SetupTest Setup

Probes with high sensProbes with high sensitivity and low field disitivity and low field disturbance are usedturbance are used

Move along X-axis, Y-Move along X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axisaxis, Z-axis

Test setupTest setup

Electric field strength Electric field strength E E is measured in the is measured in the tissue simulating liquidtissue simulating liquid

Tissue simulation liquid:Tissue simulation liquid: Dielectric propertiesDielectric properties 900MHz: 64.81% 1,2-propanediol; 34.4% de-i900MHz: 64.81% 1,2-propanediol; 34.4% de-i

onized water; 0.79 NaCl saltonized water; 0.79 NaCl salt

Phantom RequirementsPhantom Requirements

The phantom is a simplified representation The phantom is a simplified representation of the human anatomy and comprised of of the human anatomy and comprised of material with electrical properties similar to material with electrical properties similar to the corresponding tissues. The physical the corresponding tissues. The physical characteristics of the phantom model shall characteristics of the phantom model shall resemble the head and the neck of a user resemble the head and the neck of a user since the shape is a dominant parameter since the shape is a dominant parameter for exposure.for exposure.

Phantom RequirementsPhantom Requirements

Shape is a dominant parameter for exposuShape is a dominant parameter for exposure.re.

90% large adult male study by 90% large adult male study by anthropomorphic study in 1989anthropomorphic study in 1989

Fill with tissueFill with tissue simulating liquid through he simulating liquid through head to neckad to neck

Test SetupTest Setup

Handset vertical and horizontal reference lines.

Phantom reference points.Phantom reference points.

Cheek PositionCheek Position

Tilted positionTilted position

ValidationValidation

Simplified performance checkingSimplified performance checking Phantom setupPhantom setup Dipole sourceDipole source Dipole input power measurementDipole input power measurement System check procedureSystem check procedure

System validationSystem validation known SAR values of selected mobileknown SAR values of selected mobile

Test Setup Test Setup

Validation Test installation (Use Validation Test installation (Use flat phantom)flat phantom)

Flat Phantom

Directional Coupler

AmplifierSignal

Generator

Checked the reflected power

250mW =24dBm

11mm

For SAM Profiler, 250mW output will give 2.5mW/g.

SAM Profiler is used to control the Scan Profiler.SAM Profiler is used to control the Scan Profiler.The interface is shown below:The interface is shown below:

ResultResult

Definition of SARDefinition of SAR Definition of SAR:Definition of SAR:

EEi i : rms value of the electric field strength in the tissue in : rms value of the electric field strength in the tissue in

V/mV/m σσ : Conductivity of body tissue in Kg/m : Conductivity of body tissue in Kg/m33

CCi i : heat capacity of body tissue in J/Kg K: heat capacity of body tissue in J/Kg K

: derivative of temperature in body tissue in K/s: derivative of temperature in body tissue in K/s

t

Tc

ρ

σESAR

2

t

T

QuantizationQuantizationHaving in mind a worst case consideration, the SAR limit is Having in mind a worst case consideration, the SAR limit is

valid for uncontrolled environment mobile respectively valid for uncontrolled environment mobile respectively portable transmitters.portable transmitters.

StandardStandard Max allowable limitMax allowable limit

ICNIRPICNIRP 2 watt/kg2 watt/kg

ANSI / IEEEANSI / IEEE 1.6 watt/kg1.6 watt/kg

The SAR values of your mobile The SAR values of your mobile phone may be found from the phone may be found from the

following websitefollowing websitewww.SARvalues.comwww.SARvalues.com

SAR values of some modelsSAR values of some modelsManufacturManufactur

erer Model Model SAR valuesSAR values

MotorolaMotorola V80V80 0.540.54

MotorolaMotorola V600V600 0.820.82

MotorolaMotorola E398E398 1.011.01

Sony Sony EricssoEricssonn

K500iK500i 0.530.53

Sony Sony EricssoEricssonn

K700K700 0.480.48

Sony Sony EricssoEricssonn

P900P900 0.910.91

Sony Sony EricssoEricssonn

T630T630 0.880.88

NokiaNokiaN-N-

GaugGaugee

0.570.57

NokiaNokia 72007200 0.360.36

NokiaNokia 76007600 0.710.71

SamsungSamsung SGH-SGH-E800E800 0.320.32

.. .. ..

Future DevelopmentFuture Development

Whole body measurementWhole body measurement