EMPLOYMENT TRENDS

Growth Rate of Employment(%Per Annum)

Source - Economic Survey

Period Rural Urban

Before Reform 1.72 3.10

After Reform 0.47 2.70

Sectoral Employment (%)

Source – Economic Survey

INDUSTRY BEFORE REFORM

AFTER REFORM

Agriculture 65.42 52.06

Mining & Quarrying 0.66 0.63

Manufacturing 11.27 12.90

Electricity, Gas & Water Supply 0.34 0.35

Construction 2.56 5.57

Trade, Hotel &Restaurant 6.98 12.62

Transport, Storage & Communication 2.88 4.61

Financial Services 0.78 2.06

Community, Social, Personal Services 9.10 9.24

Organized Sector(Annual Growth -%)

Source – Economic Survey

Sector Before Reform

After Reform

Public Sector 1.53 0.57

Private Sector 0.44 1.75

Nature and Types of Unemployment

Developed Country – Due to Deficiency of D-DDeveloping Country – Not Restricted

Classified – Two Types :A. Rural Unemployment B. Urban Unemployment

A. Rural Unemployment 1.Disguised Unemployment- More People are engaged than required

Marginal Productive – Zero2. Seasonal Unemployment – Absence of Supplementary Source3. Open Unemployment – Able and Willing to Work – Do not have any Work – Landless Worker.B. Urban Unemployment –

Secondary and Tertiary Sectors – Skilled & Semi Skilled Labours 1. Industrial Unemployment 2. Educated Unemployment

i. Structural Unemployment – Changes in Population, Tastes, Technology, Govt. Policies, Economic Backwardness, Capital Deficiency – Export Declines ii. Frictional Unemployment- Breakdown of Machinery, Shortage of Raw Materials, Strikes, Lock-outs, Ignorance of Jobs Available iii. Cyclical/ Mass Unemployment- Trade Cycle/ Fluctuations in Business. iv. Technological Unemployment- Modern Machinery and Techniques.

2. Educated Unemployment – Lack of Job Opportunities – Theoretical Aspects