empires and people of the fertile crescent · the basis of hebrew law. ... •chaldean king...
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Empires and People of the
Fertile Crescent
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Empires and People of the
Fertile Crescent
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Empire Important Events, Inventions, Discoveries,
Characteristics, Leaders Contributions, Achievements
Hittites
2300BC-
1200 BC
Assyrians
900 BC-
612 BC
Chaldeans
612 BC -
539 BC
Persians
550 BC-
331 BC
• Came from Asia Minor
• Formed an empire around 1650 BC.
• Developed a strong military
tradition.
• Came from Northern Mesopotamia
and established a large empire
beginning around 850 BC
• Capital was Nineveh
• Fierce and ruthless warriors who used
intimidation against enemies.
• Conquered Assyrians in 612 BC
• Nebuchadnezzar was most famous
ruler.
• He rebuilt the city of Babylon.
• Captured the Hebrews and exiled
them to Babylon
• Use of iron weapons and used chariots in
battle gave them advantage over enemies.
• Integrated ideas of literature, art, politics,
and law to develop an advanced culture.
• Developed siege tactics, ladders,
tunnels, etc. to conquer cities.
• Developed the use of cavalry and
battering rams.
• Known as great builders and built an
impressive library in Nineveh.
• Developed first postal system
• Built the “Hanging Gardens of
Babylon”
• Outstanding astronomers.
• Developed the basis of astronomy
and astrology
• Came from modern day Iran
• Developed largest Fertile Crescent
Empire. Divided into provinces.
• Known for fair and wise rule.
• Darius and Cyrus were greatest rulers.
Cyrus allowed Hebrews to leave.
• Extensive road system. “Royal Highway”
stretched over 1600 miles.
• Developed standard coinage for trade.
• Zoroastrianism developed as a
monotheistic religion.
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Hittite Empire
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Hittite Empire
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Hittites
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Assyrian Empire
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Assyrian Empire
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Chaldean Empire
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Chaldeans
Nebuchadnezzar
Hanging Gardens
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Persian Empire
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Persian Empire
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Persian Empire
Cyrus’ Tomb Cyrus the Great
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Zoroastrianism
Zoroaster Kaba Zoroaster
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Phoenician Empire
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Phoenician Empire – Major Cities
Byblos
Tyre
Sidon
Carthage
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Phoenician Trade
•Wine
•Weapons
•Precious metals
•Ivory
•Slaves
•Purple Dye – Very
expensive to make.
Became a royal color.
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The Greatest Legacy of Phoenicia
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The Hebrews (Jews, Israelites)
Abraham – Father of Hebrew people
•Came from Ur in Sumer
•Established a covenant
with God
•God promised Canaan
to the Hebrews if they
kept the covenant
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The Hebrews (Jews, Israelites)
Moses
•Hebrews had been held captive in
Egypt for several hundred years.
•Moses led them out of Egypt in
the Exodus
•Moses received the Ten
Commandments which became
the basis of Hebrew law.
•Believed to have authored the
first five books of the Bible called
the Torah.
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King Solomon
The Hebrews (Jews, Israelites)
•Most powerful of Israeli kings.
•Beautified the capital city of
Jerusalem.
•His greatest legacy was the
building of a great temple in
Jerusalem.
•After his death, the Israeli
kingdom split with Israel in the
north and Judea in the south.
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The Babylonian Captivity
The Hebrews (Jews, Israelites)
•Chaldean king Nebuchadnezzar
conquered Jerusalem in 586.
•Most Hebrews were exiled to
Babylon.
•He destroyed Solomon’s Temple.
•Persian King Cyrus allowed the
Jews to return to Jerusalem and
rebuild the temple.