Emerging Trends ,Opportunities and Challenges Emerging Trends ,Opportunities and Challenges in Guar Farmingin Guar Farming

D. KumarD. KumarFormer project Coordinator (Arid Legumes)Former project Coordinator (Arid Legumes)Guar ConsultantGuar Consultant

Central Arid zone Research Institute ,JodhpurCentral Arid zone Research Institute ,Jodhpur

Recent Contacts:Recent Contacts:17E\ 230, C.H. B.,Jodhpur-34200817E\ 230, C.H. B.,Jodhpur-342008Contacts:09314008627;09166297938 (M)Contacts:09314008627;09166297938 (M)E Mail : dkumarcazri@gmail.comE Mail : dkumarcazri@gmail.com

Trends in guar farming –Yesterday and TodayTrends in guar farming –Yesterday and Today

Sl. Sl. No.No.

ParticularParticular Yesterday Yesterday TodayToday

1.1. Planting seasonPlanting season Rainy seasonRainy season Rainy season ,summer & rabi Rainy season ,summer & rabi seasonsseasons

2.2. Growing statesGrowing states Rajasthan, Haryana, Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, Punjab, MP (5)Gujarat, Punjab, MP (5)

Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, AP, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, AP, Karnataka, T.N. (10)Karnataka, T.N. (10)

3.3. ProductivityProductivity 5-10 q/ha5-10 q/ha 20-30 q/ha20-30 q/ha

4.4. Cropped areaCropped area 28-30 lakh ha28-30 lakh ha 50-51 lakh ha(2012-13)50-51 lakh ha(2012-13)

5.5. Production statusProduction status 10-12 lakh ton10-12 lakh ton 24.5 lakh ton(2012-13)24.5 lakh ton(2012-13)

6.6. Soil typesSoil types Light texturedLight textured No soil barrierNo soil barrier

8.8. Mechanization Broadcasting, Seed drills Boon sprayer ,Weeder, CombineMechanization Broadcasting, Seed drills Boon sprayer ,Weeder, Combine

9.9. Quantity ExportQuantity Export 2-2.5 lakh ton2-2.5 lakh ton 7.0 lakh ton (2011-12)7.0 lakh ton (2011-12)

10.10. CurrencyCurrency Rs. 1200 croreRs. 1200 crore Rs. 21287crore(2012-13)Rs. 21287crore(2012-13)

11.11. CultivatorsCultivators’’ involvementsinvolvements

Arid and poor farmers for Arid and poor farmers for life supportlife support

Big financial houses, Big financial houses, Administrators, Corporate world Administrators, Corporate world Big seed companies Big seed companies

9.9. Fertilty& Fertilty& irrigationirrigation

Basal dose ,flood irrig.Basal dose ,flood irrig. Liquid & Nano fert. Drip irrig.Liquid & Nano fert. Drip irrig.

Production scenarioProduction scenario In India, guar was grown in almost 51.50 lakh In India, guar was grown in almost 51.50 lakh

ha, the production realized was 24.61 lakh ha, the production realized was 24.61 lakh ton with productivity of 478 kg\ ha (2012-13).ton with productivity of 478 kg\ ha (2012-13).

Rajasthan is the mega state for guar Rajasthan is the mega state for guar production (60-65%), followed by Haryana production (60-65%), followed by Haryana (20-22%), Gujarat (10-12%) Punjab (2%) and (20-22%), Gujarat (10-12%) Punjab (2%) and other southern and central states (3-4%).other southern and central states (3-4%).

Productivity of guar varies between the Productivity of guar varies between the states and within state (Rajasthan). Indian states and within state (Rajasthan). Indian productivity is 490 kg\ha against 1200 kg for productivity is 490 kg\ha against 1200 kg for haryana,685 kg for Punjab and 669 kg\ha for haryana,685 kg for Punjab and 669 kg\ha for Gujarat.Gujarat.

Rajasthan productivity is 370 kg, whereas for Rajasthan productivity is 370 kg, whereas for Ganga nagar and Hanuman garh (807 & 870 Ganga nagar and Hanuman garh (807 & 870 kg, resp.), for Churu, Barmer,Bikaner (144-kg, resp.), for Churu, Barmer,Bikaner (144-207 kg\ha ).207 kg\ha ).

Improved varieties of guar suitable for different cropping regions, RajasthanImproved varieties of guar suitable for different cropping regions, Rajasthan

Sl. Sl.

No.No.

Average Average rainfall* rainfall*

(mm)(mm)

Region/Region/districtdistrict

Cropped Cropped area* area*

(000ha)(000ha)

ProductiProductivity* vity*

(kg/ha)(kg/ha)

VarietiesVarieties Maturity Maturity (days)(days)

RemarksRemarks

11 170-200170-200 ChuruChuru 315.00315.00 235235 RGC-936RGC-936 85-9085-90 Suitable for arid Suitable for arid Rajasthan Rajasthan

JaisalmerJaisalmer 190.00190.00 100100 HG-365HG-365 80-8580-85 High viscosity (3500 High viscosity (3500 cP) and ruling cP) and ruling variety of Haryanavariety of Haryana

22 200-250200-250 BikanerBikaner 411.00411.00 215215 RGC-936RGC-936 85-9085-90 Suitable for Suitable for Haryana, high gum Haryana, high gum and viscosity profile and viscosity profile (4050 cP) (4050 cP)

BarmerBarmer 325.00325.00 135135 RGC-365RGC-365 80-8580-85

RGC-563RGC-563 85-9085-90

33 250-300250-300 GanganagarGanganagar 180.00180.00 807807 HG-365HG-365 80-8580-85

HanumangaHanumangarhrh

319.00319.00 870870 RGM-112RGM-112 85-9085-90

RGC-1066RGC-1066 100-105100-105 Suitable for Suitable for mechanical mechanical harvestingharvesting

Fig: Grain yield and gum content during kharif 2011 and summer 2012.

Summer, 2012

Kharif, 2011

Viscosity

Fig: Gum content and viscosity during kharif 2011 and summer 2012.

Farmer happy with bumper guar production at Yavatmal.

Farmers. Guar field in Yatmal during summer 2012

Summer guar introduced in Vidharbha(Yavatmal) ,

Lot of Opportunities Lot of Opportunities 1.Taming drought, sustaining soil productivity, 1.Taming drought, sustaining soil productivity,

nutritional security ,agricultural diversity nutritional security ,agricultural diversity 2.Mrginl lands, marginal inputs, marginal care 2.Mrginl lands, marginal inputs, marginal care

marginal support , as a social cropmarginal support , as a social crop3.Multi uses ,cash crop, fodder, primary and 3.Multi uses ,cash crop, fodder, primary and

secondary productssecondary products4 Horizontal expansion taken place4 Horizontal expansion taken place5.Enhanced productivity5.Enhanced productivity6.Crop of poor & prosperous persons, large 6.Crop of poor & prosperous persons, large

industriesindustries7.Best crop for cropping sequence & rotations7.Best crop for cropping sequence & rotations8.TIFAC a body of DST organized one day workshop 8.TIFAC a body of DST organized one day workshop

and submitted report on export of guar gum to and submitted report on export of guar gum to GoI.GoI.

Main ChallengesMain Challenges Longer growth period : 95 to 120 daysLonger growth period : 95 to 120 days Quality seed not available only 7-8% Quality seed not available only 7-8%

seed replacement rateseed replacement rate Life saving irrigation at crucial stageLife saving irrigation at crucial stage Population stress due to sub-opt. plant Population stress due to sub-opt. plant

densitydensity No weeding and inter culture operationsNo weeding and inter culture operations Crucial planting dates for newer regionsCrucial planting dates for newer regions No plant protection measures usedNo plant protection measures used

Challenges Challenges Stagnated gum contents at the Stagnated gum contents at the

varietals levelvarietals level Poor genetic variability for guar gum Poor genetic variability for guar gum

viscositiesviscosities Unstable price structureUnstable price structure No by-back policy in newer regionsNo by-back policy in newer regions No Government support in spite of No Government support in spite of

being most important foreign earning being most important foreign earning field crop.field crop.

No R and D incentives from No R and D incentives from guarindustry sectorguarindustry sector

Additional challangesAdditional challanges

Chemical source (CMC) of guar gum Chemical source (CMC) of guar gum identifiedidentified

Use of guar gum is twisted with higher Use of guar gum is twisted with higher viscosity (7000-8000 cP) in petroleum viscosity (7000-8000 cP) in petroleum industries and in Oil drilling wellsindustries and in Oil drilling wells

Temerind, Sesbania bispinosa, Cassia tora, Temerind, Sesbania bispinosa, Cassia tora, C. sophera ,C. accidentailsC. sophera ,C. accidentails

Cultivated in other countries alsoCultivated in other countries also Low price : farmers loosing interestLow price : farmers loosing interest Frotier sciences and big seed coys not Frotier sciences and big seed coys not

coming to help this cropcoming to help this crop

Guar Gum By- ProductsGuar Gum By- Products Poor utilization of guar meal protein(20-Poor utilization of guar meal protein(20-

30 %)-through By- pass plant30 %)-through By- pass plant Value addition of Korma and ChuriValue addition of Korma and Churi Removal of residual guar gum from guar Removal of residual guar gum from guar

meal for better quality of the samemeal for better quality of the same Removal of toxic substances ,like trypsin Removal of toxic substances ,like trypsin

inhibitors, Saponians, Lignins , Phytates inhibitors, Saponians, Lignins , Phytates etc. from guar meal.etc. from guar meal.

Additional uses of large content of crude Additional uses of large content of crude protein available in guar mealprotein available in guar meal . .

Inter specific hybridizations

In guar

C. tetragonoloba C. tetragonoloba

XX(late, limited pods, (late, limited pods, BLB susceptible)BLB susceptible)[Cultivated sp.][Cultivated sp.]

C. Serrata C. Serrata & & C. C. senegalensissenegalensis(High pods 45 days (High pods 45 days maturity, BLB maturity, BLB resistance)resistance)[Wild sp.][Wild sp.]

  

No fertile hybridsNo fertile hybrids

Stable, diversified and specific sources of guar Stable, diversified and specific sources of guar viscosity may be identified.viscosity may be identified.. Attempts may be made to develop guar varieties . Attempts may be made to develop guar varieties having different viscosity values ( low, medium ,high).having different viscosity values ( low, medium ,high).

Specific growing inputs and environmental conditions may Specific growing inputs and environmental conditions may be specified in reference to gum quality..be specified in reference to gum quality..

Specific varieties with similar inputs may be grown in Specific varieties with similar inputs may be grown in particular zone to have control over sustainability and particular zone to have control over sustainability and traceability of guar gum and its quality.traceability of guar gum and its quality.

Enhancing guar gum Enhancing guar gum contentcontent

Guar gum content per se may be Guar gum content per se may be increased almost to 35.0% against increased almost to 35.0% against existing values of 30-31 % for last existing values of 30-31 % for last many decadesmany decades

A source (IC-116601) reported to have A source (IC-116601) reported to have almost 34.83% gum content ,may be almost 34.83% gum content ,may be confirmed,if found stable be confirmed,if found stable be transferred into promising guar transferred into promising guar cultivarscultivars

Traditional and non-traditional Traditional and non-traditional approaches may be used in this contextapproaches may be used in this context

could help increase gum yield even could help increase gum yield even without increasing grainwithout increasing grain yieldyield