Emerging Trends inEmerging Trends inComputer ScienceComputer Science

Dr. Gurvinder SinghDr. Gurvinder SinghReader, Deptt of Computer Science Reader, Deptt of Computer Science

& Engineering,& Engineering,

GNDU, AmritsarGNDU, Amritsar

Emergence of I.T.Emergence of I.T.Industrial Revolution (1900-1950)Industrial Revolution (1900-1950)Green Revolution (1960-1980)Green Revolution (1960-1980)Information Revolution (1980-till now)Information Revolution (1980-till now)

INFORMATION An ASSETINFORMATION An ASSET

    All the Business possible on Internet All the Business possible on Internet Virtual officesVirtual offices Wireless Computing PDA’s GPS way finders Wireless Computing PDA’s GPS way finders MOBILE COMPUTINGMOBILE COMPUTING

  

Application DemandsApplication Demands

Sequential ProcessingSequential Processing 1 CPU1 CPU SimpleSimple Big problems???Big problems???

•There are three ways to do anything faster:There are three ways to do anything faster:

Work harderWork harder

Work smarterWork smarter

Get helpGet help

Data ParallelismData Parallelism Applying the same operation simultaneously to elements of a Applying the same operation simultaneously to elements of a

data setdata set

Control ParallelismControl Parallelism

Applying different Applying different operations to different operations to different data elements data elements simultaneouslysimultaneously

In computers …In computers …

• • Work harder Work harder => increase the processor=> increase the processor

speedspeed

• • Work smarter Work smarter => use a better algorithm=> use a better algorithm

• • Get help Get help => use parallel processing=> use parallel processing

Parallelism levelsParallelism levels CPUCPU

– Multiple CPUsMultiple CPUs– Multiple CPU coresMultiple CPU cores– Threads – time sharingThreads – time sharing

MemoryMemory– SharedShared– DistributedDistributed– Hybrid (virtual shared memory)Hybrid (virtual shared memory)

PARALLEL COMPUTINGPARALLEL COMPUTING

(i)(i) Design of Scheduling algorithmsDesign of Scheduling algorithms

(ii)(ii) Simulator based design of schedulerSimulator based design of scheduler

(iii)(iii) Speed up of execution using AMDAHL’s Speed up of execution using AMDAHL’s

Law & Gustafson’s LawLaw & Gustafson’s Law

(iv)(iv) Clustering Clustering

(v)(v) GANG Scheduling GANG Scheduling

(vi)(vi) PARAMETRIC STUDY of algorithms PARAMETRIC STUDY of algorithms

Major Areas are Major Areas are

SOFTWARE ENGINEERINGSOFTWARE ENGINEERING (i) METRICS DESIGN(i) METRICS DESIGN

(ii)  Object Oriented Analysis and (ii)  Object Oriented Analysis and EvaluationEvaluation

(iii) Evaluation of Metrics(iii) Evaluation of Metrics

(iv) Software Comprehension(iv) Software Comprehension

(v)  Reengineering Issues(v)  Reengineering Issues

NETWORK SECURITYNETWORK SECURITY

IssuesIssues

(i) FIREWALL implementation(i) FIREWALL implementation(ii)(ii) Analysis of Cryptographic TechniquesAnalysis of Cryptographic Techniques(iii)(iii) Levels of Security Layered wise.Levels of Security Layered wise.(iv) Implementation of Security at O.S.level, Database (iv) Implementation of Security at O.S.level, Database

level, Programmer level, user level.level, Programmer level, user level.(v) Identification of Security Threats & corresponding (v) Identification of Security Threats & corresponding

action.action.

DATABASE DESIGN &DATABASE DESIGN &ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

  (1)(1) Multimedia DatabasesMultimedia Databases(2)(2) Distributed DatabasesDistributed Databases(3) (3)  Knowledge based DatabasesKnowledge based Databases(4)(4) NLPNLP(5)(5) Query OptimizationQuery Optimization(6)(6) Bio InformaticsBio Informatics(7)(7) VLDBVLDB(8)(8) Security IssuesSecurity Issues

Future belongs toFuture belongs toEMBEDDED SYSTEMEMBEDDED SYSTEM

Used for Single, Well defined TaskUsed for Single, Well defined Task

Combination of H/w & S/wCombination of H/w & S/w

H/w is CUSTOM BUILT(Customised)H/w is CUSTOM BUILT(Customised)

Categories of Embedded SystemsCategories of Embedded Systems

1.1. Stand aloneStand alone I/P can be electrical signals from sensorsI/P can be electrical signals from sensors OrOr

Commands from hurmansCommands from hurmansO/P can be electrical signals to drive other O/P can be electrical signals to drive other

systemsystemOrOr

some LED or LCD displaysome LED or LCD display2.2. Real time E./S Result or O/P in specific timeReal time E./S Result or O/P in specific time3.3. Mobile devices: Handheld PC’s , Palmtops. Mobile devices: Handheld PC’s , Palmtops.

  

Requirements of E.SRequirements of E.S

1. Low Power Consumption Due to Battery supply1. Low Power Consumption Due to Battery supply

2. Efficient use of Processing Power2. Efficient use of Processing Power

3. Efficient use of MEMORY3. Efficient use of MEMORY

4. Appropriate Execution time4. Appropriate Execution time

5. Cost effectiveness5. Cost effectiveness

6. Reliability6. Reliability

Challenges in development of Challenges in development of Embedded SoftwareEmbedded Software

1. 1.  Choice of fns for H/w & S/w Which fns to Choice of fns for H/w & S/w Which fns to be be performed by H/w & which fns to be performed by H/w & which fns to be performed by S/w so co designing is required performed by S/w so co designing is required

and quite complex.and quite complex.  

2. 2.  Embedding an Operating System Services Embedding an Operating System Services such as Memory mgmt, I/O mgmt and such as Memory mgmt, I/O mgmt and

process process mgmt. are to be combined with mgmt. are to be combined with Assembly & Assembly & HLL Also API’s to interface HLL Also API’s to interface with different. with different. Applications.Applications.

3. 3. Code optimization for faster execution & Code optimization for faster execution & less less memory occupation.memory occupation.

4. Efficient I/O Input devices have limited 4. Efficient I/O Input devices have limited Functionality, Small Keypads with 8-12 Keys Functionality, Small Keypads with 8-12 Keys

Output also consist of small LCD Output also consist of small LCD displaying displaying only 8-12 char/line. So writing only 8-12 char/line. So writing embedded S/w embedded S/w with no I/o device such as with no I/o device such as Keyboard or Keyboard or display is Complex.display is Complex.

5.5. Testing & Debugging Very complex Testing & Debugging Very complex in in Embedded Systems S/w can’t be Embedded Systems S/w can’t be tested on tested on TARGET Hardware So TARGET Hardware So SIMULATION of SIMULATION of Field Conditions is Field Conditions is very Challengingvery Challenging

POSITIONS IN I.TPOSITIONS IN I.TEmbedded SystemsEmbedded Systems

System Designers and Co Designer’s requiredSystem Designers and Co Designer’s required1.      Functions earmarked for H/w1.      Functions earmarked for H/w2.    Functions earmarked for S/w2.    Functions earmarked for S/w

(1)    Mobile Software designer(1)    Mobile Software designer(2)    Automobile’s Engine Monitoring(2)    Automobile’s Engine Monitoring(3)    Digital Cameras(3)    Digital Cameras(4)    Robotics(4)    Robotics(5)    PDA’s(5)    PDA’s

II Software Testing ProfessionalsII Software Testing Professionals(1)    Ability to write Test scripts(1)    Ability to write Test scripts(2)    Ability to design test plans(2)    Ability to design test plans(3)    R & D based positions(3)    R & D based positions

IIIIII Network Planners & ManagersNetwork Planners & Managers1.      Site Surveys1.      Site Surveys2.      Configuration Planners2.      Configuration Planners3.      Topology optimizers 3.      Topology optimizers 4.      Routing and Protocol design4.      Routing and Protocol design

IssuesIssues5.5. Network Security ControlNetwork Security Control6.6. N/w AdministrationN/w Administration7.7. Compatibility IssuesCompatibility Issues

IV.  EDP ProfessionalsIV.  EDP Professionals1.1. OLAPOLAP2.2. Data WarehousingData Warehousing3.3. Data MiningData Mining4.4. MIS & DSS based tool DesigningMIS & DSS based tool Designing5.5. GIS based designingGIS based designing

V)  WEB MANAGERSV)  WEB MANAGERS

1.      Web Advertising1.      Web Advertising2.      Web Hosting2.      Web Hosting3.      Site managers3.      Site managers4.      Virtual office managers4.      Virtual office managers5.      User groups5.      User groups6.      E-Commerce & M-Commerce6.      E-Commerce & M-Commerce7.      EPS based facilities7.      EPS based facilities

(VI) IPR based position(VI) IPR based position

1.1. Cyber Crime Acts regulatorsCyber Crime Acts regulators

2.2. Cryptographic Solution providersCryptographic Solution providers

3.3. Ethics based solutionsEthics based solutions

(VII) Ergonomics based positions(VII) Ergonomics based positions

1.1. Electronic & Cyber doctorsElectronic & Cyber doctors

2.2. Ergonomics researchErgonomics research

THANKSTHANKS