emerging issues in extension plant pathology don hershman paul vincelli kenny seebold john hartman*...
TRANSCRIPT
Emerging Issues in Extension Plant Pathology
Don Hershman Paul VincelliKenny Seebold John Hartman*
Paul Bachi and Julie BealeEd Dixon, Brenda Kennedy
Bernadette Amsden, Terry Yielding, Sara LongMindy Thompson
* Retired, working half-time
Grain Crops
Don Hershman: Soybean and WheatPaul Vincelli: Corn
Soybean Cyst Nematode
• Development of new races has compromised effective use of resistant varieties.
• Seed treatments may or may not be helpful, but they will soon be marketed.
Soybean Rust Monitoring, Management and Networking
Soybean Rust Monitoring, Management and Networking
Soybean Rust Yield Loss Calculator
Cooperative project with Saratha Kumudini
“Plant Health” Fungicide Use in Corn and Soybean
• Approximately 35% of Kentucky’s corn and soybean acres are being treated with a fungicide.
“Plant Health” Fungicide Use in Corn and Soybean
• Approximately 35% of Kentucky’s corn and soybean acres are being treated with a fungicide.
• Many acres are being treated in an attempt to capture “Plant Heath”
“Plant Health” Fungicide Use in Corn and Soybean
• Approximately 35% of Kentucky’s corn and soybean acres are being treated with a fungicide.
• Many acres are being treated in an attempt to capture “Plant Heath”
• Most spray decisions are being made without considering disease risk.
“Plant Health” Fungicide Use in Corn and Soybean
• Approximately 35% of Kentucky’s corn and soybean acres are being treated with a fungicide.
• Many acres are being treated in an attempt to capture “Plant Heath”
• Most spray decisions are being made without considering disease risk.
• Addressing issue with aggressive Extension program and cooperative research projects.
“Plant Health” Fungicide Use in Corn and Soybean
• Approximately 35% of Kentucky’s corn and soybean acres are being treated with a fungicide.
• Many acres are being treated in an attempt to capture “Plant Heath”
• Most spray decisions are being made without considering disease risk.
• Addressing issue with aggressive Extension program and cooperative research projects.
• Have provided national leadership on this issue.
Southern Rust of Corn
• 2009 outbreak in KY and Corn Belt was a wake-up call.
• Some yield loss in KY.• Dies back to the
southern gulf each year.• Coordinated monitoring
project, akin to SBR, is being initiated.
• Taking leadership in diagnostics.
2009 National PCR Workshop
Wheat Head Blight/DON
• Significant disease outbreaks occur 1 in 5 years in Kentucky.
• Current and future efforts are aimed at maximizing disease control through integrated use of resistant varieties and fungicides.
• Part of a national research team.
Helping to Refine Risk Tool
UG-99 Wheat Stem Rust
Most wheat varieties are susceptible
Should be here within 5 years
KY is not at great risk, but we are “at risk”.
KY is a participant in on-going monitoring efforts.
Tobacco and Vegetable Crops
Kenny Seebold
Blue MoldPeronospora tabacina
Fast-moving,devastating foliar disease of tobacco under favorable conditions
Also known as “downy mildew of tobacco” Pathogen is air-dispersed primarily Fungicide efficacy trials are on-going and Blue Mold Warning
System has been a high priority.
Has become serious problem in transplant and field production (losses up to 400 lbs/A)
Quadris 24c label obtained for disease control in greenhouse. Research has suggested adequate control possible using
Quadris. More work needed on rates and timing.
Target SpotSymptoms & Signs – Field (Burley)
- Phytophthora nicotianae- Most damaging disease of KY
tobacco- Integrated control of black shank (fungicide x variety) is on-going.
Black Shank
Emerging Vegetable Disease Situations
Fungicide ResistanceCucurbit Powdery MildewTomato Early Blight
Emerging Vegetable Disease Situations
Phytophthora blight ofCucurbits, peppers andtomatoes
New Strain of Watermelon Mosaic in KY
AgDia results: Positive for potyvirus,negative for all virus-specific tests
Images courtesy Kenny Seebold
Fruit, Woody and Ornamental Crops
John Hartman
Emerging Woody Plant Issues
• Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and bacterial leaf scorch of many woody species threaten both forests and landscapes.– Both diseases have severely impacted nursery
industry.
Emerging Woody Plant Issues
• Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and bacterial leaf scorch of many woody species threaten both forests and landscapes.– Both diseases have severely impacted nursery
industry.• Pierce’s disease on increase in KY and
threatens fledgling grape/wine industries.
Emerging Woody Plant Issues
• Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and bacterial leaf scorch of many woody species threaten both forests and landscapes.– Both diseases have severely impacted nursery
industry.• Pierce’s disease on increase in KY and
threatens fledgling grape/wine industries.• Devastating black walnut fungal canker is
making its way towards KY.
Emerging Woody Plant Issues
• Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and bacterial leaf scorch of many woody species threaten both forests and landscapes.– Both diseases have severely impacted nursery industry.
• Pierce’s disease on increase in KY and threatens fledgling grape/wine industries.
• Devastating black walnut fungal canker is making its way towards KY.
• Fungicide resistance to apple scab and grape black rot fungi is on the increase.
Emerging Woody Plant Issues
• Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and bacterial leaf scorch of many woody species threaten both forests and landscapes.– Both diseases have severely impacted nursery industry.
• Pierce’s disease on increase in KY and threatens fledgling grape/wine industries.
• Devastating black walnut fungal canker is making its way towards KY.
• Fungicide resistance to apple scab and grape black rot fungi is on the increase.
• These issues are currently not being adequately addressed in KY.
DNA-based identification of the soybean cyst nematode assists nursery industry
50 bp
150 bp
350 bp
Uncut Fok I Uncut Fok I Uncut Fok I
SCN CCN SBCN
On-Going Issues of Importance
• Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinics• Horticulture and ANR Agent Training
initiatives.• Developing and refining disease management
recommendations through applied research.• Kentucky Pest News.• Stakeholder training.• Expanded WWW presence
– Websites, blogs, Twitter, listservs, etc.
Questions?