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2018/EPWG/SDMOF/004 Session 2a-ii

Emergency Operation Center Network Functions and Communication Linkages for Early Warning

System in Nepal

Submitted by: Shoolini University

12th Senior Disaster Management Officials Forum

Kokopo, Papua New Guinea25-26 September 2018

Kokopo, East New Britain on 25-26 September 2018

Emergency Operation Center Network Functions and Communication Linkages for

Early Warning System in Nepal

Prof Ashutosh Mohanty, PhD.

Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh

Normal Phase(Preparedness)

Alert Phase (Alerts agencies and

authorities for an imminent

emergency)

Response Phase (leading

coordination and communication for

response)

Recovery Phase (Coordinate Early

Recovery and recovery efforts)

National Emergency Operation Centre (NEOC) Nepal

NEOC Premises

An emergency operations center (EOC) is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions.

NEOC

Coordination and communication point for disasterinformation across Nepal, including government agenciesand other response and recovery stakeholders

such as

•Nepal Army, Nepal Police, Armed Police Force

• Nepal Red Cross Society

• UN agencies

• INGOS

• NGOs

• CBOs

Contact address of NEOC

NEOCMinistry of Home Affairs,

Singhadurbar

Phone 1 1-4200105Phone 2 1-4200203Fax 1-4200103Satellite Phone 1 8707 7221 5403Satellite Phone 2 8707 7221 5402Website http:/www.neoc.gov.npEmail neocmoha@yahoo.com

HISTORY

• Recommendation of 2009 INSARAG exercise

• Opened in December 2010 by Minister of Home Affairs

• Operated by the Ministry of Home Affairs

• Supported by

• UNDP (providing technical support and assistance)

• Australian Government

Functions of the NEOC

• Provide a central coordination point in response todisasters and for humanitarian assistance

• Improve coordination among all responding agencies• Collect and analyze information on the disaster to

relevant stakeholders• Disseminate information on disasters to relevant

stakeholders• Promote the preparation for disasters at all levels of

government

• Execute Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee(CNDRC) and MOHA policies and decisions

NEOC

NEOC’s Facilities• Separate building, built to earthquake standards and approximately 2400 Sq. Ft.

• Facilities:

• Control Room equipped with an array of communication systems

• Conference/emergency operation room, with the capability to support 18 work stations in an emergency

• Television sets

• Networked Computer Systems

• Uninterruptible Power Supplies with

• Alternative power backup by 45 KVA generator with fuel stock for 20 days (3000 lit capacity underground tank)

• Solar back-up Power

• Water Supply and ration stocks

• Dormitory facilities (Kitchen and sleeping)

List of DEOC established in 2011

S. No Name of District S. No Name of District

1 Dolakha 9 Kailali

2 Sankhuwasaba 10 Banke

3 Dadeldhura 11 Nawalparasi

4 Rukum 12 Saptari

5 Achham 13 Sunsari

6 Kaski 14 Jhapa

7 Baglung 15 Mahottari

8 Arghakhachi 16 Sarlahi

List of REOC established in Jan 2013

S. No Name of Regional Center

1. Kaski

2. Makwanpur

3. Dhankuta

4. Surkhet

5. Doti

List of DEOC established in Jan 2013

S. No Name of District

1. Sindhupalchowk

2. Jumla

3. Mustang

4. Syangja

5. Dhading

6. Kavrepalanchowk

7. Bara

8. Chitwan

9. Dhanusha

10 Morang

List of MEOC established in Jan 2013

S. No Name of Municipality

1. Kathmandu

2. Lalitpur

3. Bhaktapur

4. Banepa

5. Ratnanagar

• Sahana based Disaster Information Management System (DIMS), has been introduced and implementedin N/DEOCs to input data and keep records. Sahana training has also been provided to DEOC officials.

• The HF radio set was installed and direct communication link has been established between NEOC,REOC and other DEOCs and trainings were provided to technician staffs from Nepal Police, Red Cross,and District Administration Office (DAO) at district level.

List of Equipment for REOC

S. No List of Equipment1 Working table (5'-0" x 2-6" x 2'-6" )2 Working table (4'- 6" x 2'- 0" x 2' - 6")

3 Side table (right or left)- 3’-3” ×1’-6” ×2’-6”

4 Radio room table (5’-0” × 2’-0” × 2’-6”)5 Filing cabinet6 Storing cabinet7 Revolving chair/ visitors chair8 Solar PV Panels with Rechargeable battery9 Solar Hybrid UPS

10 Battery 24V 200 A11 Installation materials, Cables etc.12 Installation Charges13 Desktop Computer 14 Web Camera15 Headphone set16 Power Extension Cord 17 MS-Office 201018 Desktop Anti-Virus (soft ware license)19 ADSL2+ Wireless Router20 Switch (8 Port)21 Multi-Function Printer22 Digital Camera and accessories23 Laptop24 Fire Extinguisher25 HF Radio Set

26 Life Saving Equipment26.1 Megaphone 26.2 Safety helmet26.3 Rubber boots26.4 Rescue vest26.5 Life jacket26.6 Shovels26.7 Pick26.8 Crowbar26.9 Metal bucket

26.10 Waist bag26.11 Stretcher 26.12 Cap26.13 Gloves26.14 Throw bag26.15 Tarpaulin26.16 Blanket26.17 First aid kit26.18 Headlight26.19 Water purifier liquid26.20 Rubber mattress26.21 Emergency light26.22 Medium sized rubber tube26.23 Foot pump26.24 Metal trunk26.25 Bolt cutter 26.26 Iron picket26.27 Rescue hammer26.28 Static rope26.29 Screw gate carabineers 26.30 Figure of 8 carabineers26.31 Fire rope ladder

National Emergency Operation Centre

49 DEOCs

5 REOCs

1 MEOC

1 NEOC

EOC Operation Management

• EOC Network under the leadership of NEOC at MoHA

• A network of 57 EOCs (NEOC+5 REOC+49 DEOC + 1 MEOC+ 1 HEOC)

• An important aspect of having an effective coordination and response mechanism under the MoHA through NEOC.

• A proactive approach with 24/7 surveillance and response.

• Governed by respective administrative structures: CNDRC, RDRC & DDRC

• Operation Management Guideline: Standard Operating Procedures

Interaction between National, Regional and District committees and EOCs

Sahana Based DIMS at NEOC

NEOC SOP Objectives

• Determine the organizational structure of the NEOC,

• Identify minimum resources requirements for smooth operation of NEOC,

• Define NEOC and its officials' work responsibilities and authorities,

• Determine the activeness level of the center,

• Communication flow, and nature

• Ensure a coordination mechanism with stakeholders for disaster preparedness and response

• Establish a process for generating authentic, and updated statistics for damages due to disasters,

• Establish and develop mechanism for leading and coordinating of search, rescue, and humanitarian aid and support at the time of disasters,

• Manage to ensure rights of women, children, old-aged, and physically challenged people during disaster response.

Communication System to other Agencies

National

Emergency

Operation

Center

Tribhuvan

International

Airport,

Emergency

Lounge

National

Seismologica

l Center

UN

Emergency

Center

Control Forces:

Nepal Army, Nepal

Police, Armed

Police Force, Fire

brigade

Department

of Hydrology

and

Meteorology

Research and

Investigation

centers related

to disaster

Regional/Dist

rict

Emergency

Operation

Center

Nepal Red Cross

Emergency

Operation

Center

Health

Emergency

Operation

Center

Levels of NEOC Activation

Activeness Level

Component 1 2 3 4

Officials and bodies

for providing

guidelines and

advising

Joint Secretary,

Disaster

Management

Department,

Ministry of Home

Affairs (MoHA)

Secretary, Ministry

of Home Affairs

Central Disaster

Relief Committee

(CDRC) / Minister,

Ministry of Home

Affairs

Council of Ministers

/ Central Disaster

Relief Committee

Leadership of the

centerChief, NEOC

Joint Secretary,

Disaster

Management

Department,

Ministry of Home

Affairs

Secretary, Ministry

of Home Affairs

Chief Secretary,

Government of

Nepal

Nature and Impact

of DisasterLocal level District level Regional level

National level

(Declaration of

emergency)

Example

Heavy monsoon

rain and forecast

of weather and

Taplejung Fire

2071

Sindhupalchowk

Jure Landslide,

2071

Mid-Western

(Surkhet, Banke,

Bardiya and

Dang) Flood,

2071

Gorkha

Earthquake, 2072

Disaster Risk Reduction

DRR Portal along with its mobile (android) app (http://drrportal.gov.np/ )

GEO Portal (http://drm.moha.gov.np)

GIS Integration Project: NepalAWARE project in progress

DRRPortal Homepage

Real Time Monitoring

•Department of Hydrology and Meteorology : water level and rainfall monitoring

• http://hydrology.gov.np

•NWP(Numerical Weather Prediction): 3 days prediction

• http://mfd.gov.np/nwp

Early Warning System in Nepal

Early warning is a major element of disaster risk

reduction. It prevents loss of life and reduces the economic and material impact of disasters.

Linking EOC with CBDRMC and EWS established at community level

Communication, Networking – Flood EWS

Communities

MoHA

NEOCDHM

DHM/ River Basin Office

DEOC

LDRMC

CBDRMC EW TF

Website/Media

NTC/NCELL

Broadcasting

Warning

Population

NATIONAL

DISTRI

CT

COMMUNITY

MoSTE

MoFALD

MoIC

ACTIVATION OF CLUSTERS &

TFs

Hydrometric Station in Nepal

River Hydrology

P1/P2 stations = 83

P3 stations = 67

Flood Forecasting

P1 stations = 25

Snow

Hydrometric Stations = 11

Meteorological Stations = 7

Total: 175

New Approaches in Hydrometry

•Hydrometry is the monitoring of the components of the hydrological cycle including rainfall, groundwater characteristics, as well as water quality and flow characteristics of surface waters

• Technical Approach

–Telemetric Stations with Real Time Data

–Flow Modelling and Forecasting

• Service Approach

–Early Warning Information of Flood to Community

Early Warning System

“A system of data collection andanalysis to monitor people’s well-being (including security), inorder to provide timely noticewhen an emergency threatens,and thus to elicit an appropriateresponse.”

Early Warning System in Nepal

EWS

• An early warning system can be implemented as a chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection, decision support, and message broker subsystems.

• They work together to forecast and signal disturbances that adversely affect the stability, providing time for the response system to prepare for the adverse event and to minimize its impact

Evolution of Flood Monitoring and EWS in Nepal

Watch and Warn

1990s

Evolution of Flood Monitoring and EWS in NepalTelemetric Stations

Telemetric Stations

http://www.hydrology.gov.npAutomatic Rainfall Stations: 90+Automatic Water Level Station: 45+

Telemetric Stations

Telemetry is an

automated

communications

process by which

measurements and

other data are

collected at remote

or inaccessible

points and

transmitted to

receiving

equipment for

monitoring.

Flood Early Warning Dissemination

Toll Free-1155EW-Mobile SMS

Flood Early Warning Dissemination

Web Based Telemetry: Rainfall Watch

Note: warning level for rainfall :60mm in 1 hr,80 mm in 3 hour, 100 mm in 6 hr, 120mm in 12 hr,140 mm in 24 hr- potential landslide in steep slope and high flood in local areas

Web Based Telemetry: Rainfall Watch

Rapid Action for Flood Monitoring and Early Warning (Bhotekoshi at Bharabise)

Effectiveness of Flood EWS

श्रावण २९, २०७३- २०६६ मा झापामा भीषण बाढी आउँदा २६ जनाले ज्यान गुमाएका थिए । हालैको बाढी पनन ववगतको जस्तै थियो तर क्षनत ननकै कम भयो । पूववसूचना ददने प्रणालीका कारण जनधनको क्षनत घटेको हो ।रेडक्रसले ‘प्राक्टटकल एटसन’ को सहकायवमा ‘अली वाननवङ ससस्टम’ सुरु गरेकैले बाढीबाट हुने क्षनत कम भएको छ । यसपटकको बाढीमा ९ जनालेज्यान गुमाए । तीन बेपत्ता छन ्। ‘नतनीहरूको मतृ्यु बाढीले बगाएर भएको होइन,’ रेडक्रस झापाका सभापनत लोकराज ढकालले भने, ‘लापरबाहीका कारण भएको हो ।’

Strength in FEWS

• Nationwide Hydro-met network

• 24 hour Weather Forecasting and Flood ForecastingServices

• Co-ordination among Stakeholders (MOHA, MOFALD,Nepal Army, DEOC, LDMC, CDMC, EW TFs, RED-Cross)

• Contribution from donor agencies -UNDP, NGOs andINGOs

Existing EWS Network

Data Source: NRRC, Flagship 4

Existing EWS Network

Thank You!

Lets work together to build a resilient nation…