elizabeth f. loftus university of california,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Elizabeth F. LoftusUniversity of California, Irvine
Presentation to NRCFebruary, 2014
![Page 2: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Memory and legal cases
![Page 3: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Misinformation
Event – PEI - Test
![Page 4: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3500ms
![Page 5: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A petite girl was walking down Main Street.
She stopped to look at a video store after passing a hair salon.
She was window shopping and continued walking.
He took her wallet and put it away in his pants pocket.
While her back was turned, the man reached with his right hand into her pocketbook.
The man bumpedinto the girl fromthe front.
The wind blew, and she was cold, so sheopened her pocketbookto get her scarf.
Suddenly she realized that her wallet was missing.
Concerned, the woman explained to the girl what she had seen the man do.
![Page 6: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
He took her wallet and put it in his pants pocket。
What did you seein the pictures?
Where did the man put the wallet after he stole it from the girl’s purse?
a. Inside jacket pocketb. Outside jacket pocketc. Pants back pocket
Post-event TESTEvents
Example of Critical item
![Page 7: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Research on Memory DistortionChanging Memory for Actual Events
![Page 8: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Misinformation Effect
![Page 9: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Some research on faces
(Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under revision, 2014)
![Page 10: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Demonstration
![Page 11: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Piece of paper
Pick face you saw in study phase.
Mark L or R.
![Page 17: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Which face do you recognize from the STUDY PHASE?
![Page 18: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Which face do you recognize from the STUDY PHASE?
![Page 19: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Which face do you recognize from the STUDY PHASE?
![Page 21: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Which face do you recognize from the STUDY PHASE?
![Page 22: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Which face do you recognize from the STUDY PHASE?
![Page 23: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
MEMORY TEST QUIZSTUDY PHASE
Explaining the Demonstration
Face #1
Face #2
Face #3
![Page 24: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Postevent activity that induces subjects to pick a wrong person affects later ability to accurately identify right person.
Committing to the PEI produces larger effect, but mere exposure without choosing also impairs memory.
Real world situation: photos then lineup
![Page 25: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Soldiers learn how to:
• Evade enemy
• Escape if hunted down
• Resist if captured, imprisoned, or tortured
![Page 28: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
A Mock Prisoner of War (POW) Camp
![Page 29: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Once captured:
• Hooded
• Strapped together
• Stripped of identities
![Page 30: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3rd World Toilets
No toilet paper!
![Page 31: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
If jungle too dense to land in, extracted by helicopter
![Page 32: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
When done.. A flood of emotions
![Page 33: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Morgan, Southwick, Steffian, Hazlett, Loftus (IJLP, 2013)
![Page 34: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Time- Classroom instruction (4 days)
- Evasion (4 days)
Mock-POW Camp (72 hours)
-Interrogation (30 min)
- Isolation (4 hours)
Misino No Misinfo
- Propaganda Speech (30 min)
Release/Test
- Release/return gear
- Memory Test
- Debrief
![Page 35: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Stressful interrogation (30 min)Isolation stress (Misinfo photo introduced 1 hr
into this period: “Look at this photo. Did your interrogator give you anything to eat? A blanket? Let you speak to others?)
Other activities for approx 4 + hrsMemory test
![Page 36: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Actual Perp Foil (misinfo photo)
![Page 37: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
No Misinformation Misinformation
False IDs
Pick Key Foil
![Page 39: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
No Misinformation Misinformation
False IDs 53%
Pick Key Foil 15%
![Page 40: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
No Misinformation Misinformation
False IDs 53% 91%
Pick Key Foil 15% 84%
![Page 41: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
No Misinfo
10%
3%
2.5%
![Page 42: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
No Misinfo
10%
3%
2.5%
Misinfo98%
27%
20%
![Page 43: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
• Highly trained soldiers make false IDs
• High confidence
• Misinfo leads to more false IDs
• Soldiers more likely to pick key foil
Misinformation leads to other false memories
![Page 44: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The Misinformation Effect
![Page 45: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Misinformation
Event – PEI - Test
Rich False Memory
No eventSuggestion about past--- Test
![Page 47: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
ImaginationDream Interpretation
HypnosisExposure to other people’s memories
False informationDoctored Photographs
![Page 50: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Laney & Loftus, Memory, 2008; Nebraska Symposium, 2010.
Are true memories more emotional?
![Page 54: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
• False memories can be emotional.
• In fact, they can be just as emotional as true memories.
• So, emotion is no guarantee of memory accuracy.
![Page 55: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Neuroimaging During Report
Okado, Stark, Loftus , Learning and Memory , 2010
![Page 56: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
• TM and FM similar in terms of brain activity.
• TM – more activity in visual cortex, FM – more in auditory
![Page 58: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
Zhu, Chen, Loftus, Xue, Lu, Dong et al Memory, 2010
![Page 60: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Zhu, Chen, Loftus, et al. , ACP, (2012)
![Page 61: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
•
![Page 62: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
When are people more susceptible?
![Page 63: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Frenda, Patihis, Loftus, Lewis & Fenn Under review
![Page 64: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
SLEEP SLEEP DEPRIVATION
He took her wallet and put it in his pants pocket
Where did the man put the wallet after he stole it from the girl’s purse?
a. jacket inside pocket
b. jacket outside pocket
c. pants pocket
Why did you choose that answer?
a. saw it in the picture only
b. read it in narrations only
c. saw it in both and they were the same
d. saw it in both and they conflicted with each other
e. guessed
Event PEI Tests
OR
![Page 65: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
False Memory Rate in Rested and Deprived Subjects
p < .05
![Page 66: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Is everyone susceptible?
![Page 67: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Patihis, Frenda, LePort, Petersen, Nichols, Stark, McGaugh, Loftus. PNAS (2013)
![Page 68: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
People with Superior Memory
People with Normal Memory
vs.
![Page 69: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
p = .04
![Page 70: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
People with Superior Memory
People with Normal Memory
People with extraordinarily strong autobiographical memory were nevertheless still vulnerable to a number of different memory distortions.
Just like people with normal memory.
vs.
![Page 71: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
¡ The malleable nature of memory¡ False Memory Recipe
![Page 73: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
¨ when should we use this kind of mind technology?¨ should we ever ban its use?
![Page 74: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
One take home lesson:
![Page 75: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Confidence
Detail
Emotion
![Page 76: Elizabeth F. Loftus University of California, Irvinesites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/... · Some research on faces (Cook, Kwak, Hoffman, & Loftus, Under](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022013110/5bb1608609d3f272478d542a/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)