Elisabeth I and Cromwell Elisabeth I and Cromwell

The development of The development of Constitutional/Limited Monarchy in Constitutional/Limited Monarchy in

EnglandEngland

Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215

* Created a CONTRACT between the king and the * Created a CONTRACT between the king and the aristocracy.aristocracy.

* Established principles which limited the power of * Established principles which limited the power of the kingthe king

Late Medieval Parliament – the Hundred Years Late Medieval Parliament – the Hundred Years War War

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

Elisabeth IElisabeth I

The Elizabethan“Bargain”

* Parliament:

Would have the power to tax.

Can debate and amend disputed bills.

* The Monarch:

Had the royal perogative [right/choice] on foreign policy.

The Defeat of the ArmadaThe Defeat of the Armada

The Stuart Monarchy

James I: the Wisest Fool in ChristendomJames I: the Wisest Fool in Christendom He quickly alienated a He quickly alienated a

Parliament grown Parliament grown accustomed under the accustomed under the Tudors to act on the premise Tudors to act on the premise that monarch and that monarch and Parliament TOGETHER ruled Parliament TOGETHER ruled England as a “balance England as a “balance polity.”polity.”

A speech to parliament (1610A speech to parliament (1610)) . . .The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth, for . . .The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth, for

kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God's kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself they are called gods. There be throne, but even by God himself they are called gods. There be three principal [comparisons] that illustrate the state of monarchy: three principal [comparisons] that illustrate the state of monarchy: one taken out of the word of God, and the two other out of the one taken out of the word of God, and the two other out of the grounds of policy and philosophy. In the Scriptures kings are called grounds of policy and philosophy. In the Scriptures kings are called gods, and so their power after a certain relation compared to the gods, and so their power after a certain relation compared to the Divine power. Kings are also compared to fathers of families; for a Divine power. Kings are also compared to fathers of families; for a king is king is truly parens patriae truly parens patriae [parent of the country], the politic father [parent of the country], the politic father of his people. And lastly, kings are compared to the head of this of his people. And lastly, kings are compared to the head of this microcosm of the body of man . . .microcosm of the body of man . . .

First, that you do not meddle with the main points of government; First, that you do not meddle with the main points of government; that is my craft . . . to meddle with that, were to lessen me. I am that is my craft . . . to meddle with that, were to lessen me. I am now an old king . . . I must not be taught my office. Secondly, I now an old king . . . I must not be taught my office. Secondly, I would not have you meddle with such ancient rights of mine as I would not have you meddle with such ancient rights of mine as I have received from my predecessors, possessing them have received from my predecessors, possessing them more more (as (as ancestral customs): such things I would be sorry should be ancestral customs): such things I would be sorry should be accounted for grievances. All novelties are dangerous as well in a accounted for grievances. All novelties are dangerous as well in a politic as in a natural body, and therefore I would be loath to be politic as in a natural body, and therefore I would be loath to be quarreled in my ancient rights and possessions: for that were to quarreled in my ancient rights and possessions: for that were to judge me unworthy of that which my predecessors had and left me.judge me unworthy of that which my predecessors had and left me.

The last Tudor and the first Stuart monarchs of England The last Tudor and the first Stuart monarchs of England claimed the divine right of kings yet James I was claimed the divine right of kings yet James I was

extremely unpopular. What gives?extremely unpopular. What gives?* Use the speeches from Elisabeth and James I to explain * Use the speeches from Elisabeth and James I to explain

why Elisabeth is generally considered to be a good why Elisabeth is generally considered to be a good monarch and why James is not.monarch and why James is not.

Religion under Elizabeth I and Religion under Elizabeth I and James IJames I

* James alienated the Puritans by his strong * James alienated the Puritans by his strong defense of the Anglican Church.defense of the Anglican Church.

* Many of England’s gentry [mostly rich * Many of England’s gentry [mostly rich landowners below the level of the nobility] landowners below the level of the nobility] became Puritans.became Puritans.

These Puritan gentry formed an These Puritan gentry formed an important and large part of the important and large part of the House of Commons.House of Commons.

Charles ICharles I He continued to support He continued to support

the Anglican hierarchy.the Anglican hierarchy. Uniformity of church Uniformity of church

services imposed by a services imposed by a church court.church court.

Anglican Anglican Book of Book of Common PrayerCommon Prayer for both for both England AND Scotland.England AND Scotland.

Ship Money – no taxation Ship Money – no taxation without representation.without representation.

The violation of the writ The violation of the writ of habeas corpus. of habeas corpus.

The Petition of Rights, 1628

a In return for money to fund his wars, Charles I agreed:

No imprisonment without due cause.

No taxation without Parliament’s consent.

No putting soldiers in private homes.

No martial law during peacetime.

a Charles signed it, and then ignored it, dissolving Parliament!

RegicideRegicide

CromwellCromwell