eli-np extreme landscape of subatomic physics with high

IZEST Meeting –LLNL

July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

ELI-NP

Extreme Landscape of Subatomic

Physics with High Power Lasers

and Gamma beams

①


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

In the 20th century

Fundamental Research has been carried

out and dominated by the Particle-based

Paradigm:

namely accelerator for Massive and

Charged particles


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

21st Century; the Photon Century

Could basic research be driven

by the massless and chargeless Photons??

The First exemple is the Extreme Light Infrastructure ELI.

Large Scale Lasers: Could they become the Next Large Scale

Fondamental Research Infrastructures?


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Extreme Light Infrastructure A world laser roadmap

4

1025W~ 10% of Sun’s

total power on 1 cm2

ELI

109W ~ Power of a

nuclear reactor on 1 cm2


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Europe has decided

to build the highest

intensity laser ELI

For

Extreme Light Infrastructure

PW, 1mm

~highest power laser today

2006 – ELI on ESFRI Roadmap

ELI-PP 2007-2010 (FP7)

Three Pillars

ELI-Beamlines (Czech Republic)

ELI-Attoseconds (Hungary)

ELI-Nuclear Physics (Romania)

Project Approved by the European

Competitiveness Council (December 2009)

ELI-DC (Delivery Consortium): April

2010


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

• Nuclear Physics experiments to characterize laser – target interaction

• Exotic Nuclear Physics and astrophysics

complementary to other ESFRI Large Scale Physics Facilities (FAIR- De, SPIRAL2- Fr)

• Applications based on high intensity laser and very brilliant γ beams

complementary to the other ELI pillars

ELI-NP in Romania (selected by the most important science committees in Europe – ESFRI and NuPECC, all fields of science included, from social science to space science)

in ‘Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan in Europe’ as a major facility

6


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

ELI-NP

NUCLEAR

Tandem acc.

Cyclotron

γ – Irradiator

Adv. Detectors

Life & Env.

Radioisotopes

Reactor

(decomm.)

Waste Proc.

ring rail/road

BUCHAREST

Lasers

Plasma

Optoelectronics

Material Physics

Theoretical Physics

Particle Physics

Bucharest-Magurele Physics Campus

National Physics Institutes


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Light

8

Observation of matter with new powerful probes

Two machines of extreme performances

Large discovery potential

BCS Brillant Gamma Beams

0,2-19 MeV ,1013g/s ,0,3% BW

Two 10 PW lasers,1023 w/cm2

Extreme E-M fields

Laser +e- Acc Femto scale


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Oscillators +OPCPA preamps

multi-PW block Apollon-type

Flashlamp based

400mJ/ 10Hz/ <20fs

Combined laser-gamma experiments

Gamma/e- experiments

Multi-PW experiments

High rep-rate laser experiments

0.1 – 1 PW

Oscillators + OPCPA preamps

300J/ 0.01Hz/ <30fs

e- accelerator Warm linac

multi-PW block Apollon-type

Flashlamp based

Laser DPSSL 10J/>100Hz

Gamma beam Compton based

0.1 – 20MeV

1PW block Ti:Sapph

Flashlamp based

1PW block Apollon-type

Flashlamp based

1PW block Ti:Sapph

Flashlamp based

1PW block Apollon-type

Flashlamp based

30J/ 0.1Hz/ <30fs

ELI-NP Facility Concept

9


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Experiments

8 experimental areas

ELI-NP

Main buildings

Laboratories

Lasers

Gamma and experiments


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Primary radiations

Secondary

target

Electrons are expelled from the

target due to the chock wave

induced by the powerful laser

Heavy ions are accelerated in

the field created by the

electrons

E~Ilaser1/2

11

Electrons and ions accelerated

at solid state densities 1024e cm-3

never reached before (Classical beam densities 108e cm-3)

on very short distance (μm-mm)

Energy reached equal to a 400m

up-to-date accelerator (reduction of

scale of 109)


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

• Maximum energy scales with laser beam

intensity approximately as I0.5

Proton acceleration

12

RPA simulations 10 23 W/cm2 ,15 fs


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

• Dependence of maximum energy function of

the ion species

• Graphs show results for multi-TW-class lasers

Ion beam acceleration

13

Vulcan 50TW, Appleton Lab,

2x1019W/cm2, thick lead target

Mylar target irradiated with a

1019W/cm2 laser pulse


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Stand-alone High Power Laser Experiments

• Nuclear Techniques for Characterization of Laser-Induced Radiations

• Modelling of High-Intensity Laser Interaction with Matter

• Stopping Power of Charge Particles Bunches with Ultra-High Density

• Laser Acceleration of very dense Electrons, Protons and Heavy Ions

Beams

• Laser-Accelerated Th Beam to produce Neutron-Rich Nuclei around

the N = 126 Waiting Point of the r-Process via the Fission-Fusion

Reaction

• Studies of enhanced decay of 26Al in hot plasma environments

14


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Fission-fusion reaction SHE and Very neutron-rich nuclei

a) Fission D, C, O + Th → FL + F neutron rich fission fragments in target 232Th + FF → SHE fusion products

Reaction of radioactive short-lived light fission fragments of beam + Radioactive short-lived light fission fragments of the target

b) Fusion: FL + FL → AZ ≈ 202 0s nuclei close to N=126 waiting point


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Compton backscattering is the most efficient « frequency amplifier »

wdiff=4ge2wlaser

Ee=300 MeV and optical laser <=> ge~ 600 => Eg > 3 MeV

but very weak cross section: 6.6524 10-25 cm2

Therefore for a powerful γ beam, one needs:

- high intensity electron beams

- very brilliant optical photon beams

- very small collision volume

- very high repetition frequency

0

2

02

0

2

2

41

cos12 E

mc

Ea

nEe

e

e

gg

gg

e

00

0

02

0 ; ;parameter recoil 4

;number harmonic

g E

m

eEa

mc

En e

16


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

ELI-NP γ beam

FLUX

Bandwidth %

Laser Back-Compton Scattering Most efficient frequency amplifier

Ee-=300 MeV , Eg= 3 MeV

but very weak cross-section ~ 6,65 10-25 cm2

Needs

High intensity e- beam

Very brillant high rep/rate Laser

small collision volume


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

1-High-resolution nuclear spectroscopy: – .NUCLEAR PHOTONICS

– Study of pygmy and giant dipole resonances

– Gamma scattering on nuclei

– Fine-structure of Photo-response above the Particle Threshold: the (γ ,α), (γ,p) and (γ ,n)

– Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence on Rare Isotopes and Isomer

– Nuclear level density , Transition order-chaos

2-Few body systems via photodesintegration, (d, t,He,Li)

3- Photo-fission (resonances ,isomers, production)

4-Astrophysics of the r-, s-, p-processes in nucleosynthesis: masses of waiting point nuclei

– Neutron Capture Cross Section of s-Process Branching Nuclei with Inverse Reactions

– Measurements of (γ, p) and (γ, α) Reaction Cross Sections for p-Process Nucleosynthesis

5-Fundamental Physics of Perturbative and Non-perturbative High-Field QED: Pair creation, high energy g rays, birefringence of the quantum vacuum.

Science drivers at ELI-NP


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

gs

g´ g

Separation

threshold

AX

A´Y

Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF)

Photoactivation

Photodisintegration

Absorption

(-activation)

g´

20


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

aim: determination of transition strengths: need absolute values for ground

state transition width

NRF-experiments give product with branching ratio:

assumption:

no transition in low-lying states observed

but: many small branchings in other states?

self-absorption: measurement of absolute ground state transition widths

21


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Astrophysics – related studies

• Production of heavy elements in the Universe –a

central question for Astrophysics

• Neutron Capture Cross Section of s-Process Branch -

Nuclei with Inverse Reactions (g, n)

• the single studies on long-lived branching points (e.g.

147Pm, 151Sm, 155Eu) showed that the recommended values of

neutron capture cross sections in the models differ by up to

50% from the experimentally determined values

22

Measurements of (γ, p) and (γ, α) Reaction Cross Sections for p –

Process-Nucleosynthesis :Key reaction g6O 2Ca Determination of the reaction rates by an absolute cross section measurement

is possible using monoenergetic photon beams produced at ELI-NP tremendous advance to measure these rates directly

broad database of reactions – high intense γ beam needed


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Very High Fields :Laser + γ /e− Beam

• Probing the Pair Creation from the Vacuum in the Focus of Strong

Electrical Fields with a High Energy γ Beam

• The Real Part of the Index of Refraction of the Vacuum in High

Fields: Vacuum Birefringence

• Cascades of e+e− Pairs and γ -Rays triggered by a Single Slow

Electron in Strong Fields

• Compton Scattering and Radiation Reaction of a Single Electron at

High Intensities

• Nuclear Lifetime Measurements by Streaking Conversion Electrons

with a Laser Field. 23


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

ELI-NP – new science, new experimental approaches.

ELI-NP will produce :

• New accelerator schemes

• Laser driven gamma beams

• High Resolution, high Intensity X-Ray Beam

• Intense Brilliant Positron-Source: 107e+/[s(mm mrad)2 ]

• And will contribute surely to develop the following apllications

• Radioscopy and Tomography

• Materials research in high intensity radiation fields

• Applications to characterization of Nuclear Waste 24


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Radioisotopes for medical use

• New approaches and methods for producing

radioisotopes urgently needed

•Mo-99 and other medical isotopes used globally

for diagnostic medical imaging and radiotherapy

• 195mPt: In chemotherapy of tumors it can be

used to exclude ”nonresponding” patients from

unnecessary chemotherapy and optimizing the

dose of all chemotherapy

25


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Materials Science and Engineering

• manipulating materials on the nano- and femto-

scales

•understand, at the atomic scale, the behavior of materials

subject to extreme radiation doses and mechanical stress

•polarized positron beam – new microscopy

26


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

NRF Applications to Nuclear materials

• Management of Sensitive Nuclear Materials

and Radioactive waste

27

Management of Sensitive Nuclear

Materials and Radioactive waste

isotope-specific identification

238U/235U , 239Pu/240 Pu

scan containers for nuclear material

and explosives

Burn-up of nuclear fuel rods

fuel elements are frequently changed

in position to obtain a homogeneous

burn-up

measuring the final 235U, 238U

content may allow to use fuel

elements 20% longer


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

ELI-NP Timeline

• June 2012: Funding Phase 1 approved (180M€)

• Launch of large tender procedures- Civil engineering, Lasers

,Gamma beams

• May 2013 Building –Contract signed –Construction Started

• June 14th, 2013 : Foundation Stone Ceremony

• July 11th, 2013 2X10 PW Lasers –Contract signed

• July-Sept 2013 Launching Tender for Gamma Beam System

• June 2013- End 2014: TDRs for experiments ready

• End 2015: Lasers and Gamma Beam – end of Phase 1

• 2017: Lasers and Gamma beam Phase 2 -Beginning of operation 28


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

• Invitations to submit Letters of Intents for experiments @ ELI-NP, Participation: >100 researchers

• Building teams for ELI-NP Towards TDR’s for experiments

• Two international working meetings were held at Magurele :Gamma -25-26 june 2013

• Laser and Gammas 27-28 june 2013

• More than 50 participannts in each ws ,a real success !!

8 international working groups formed ,conveners and ELI-NP Liaisons nominated

The first steps towards the completion of the ELI-NP Technical Design Reports

due for the end of 2014 and the formation of a many hundreds international

user community

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July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Ultra high Intensity Laser can offer an

Enormous Reduction in Size

Gerard Mourou Global Science

Exciting Perspectives


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Output: 40J@1Hz = 40W, efficiency<10-3

Input 150kW

For the future, two handicaps

Efficiency at the grid

Repetition rate at high power


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

ICAN (European Project) The Future is Fibre Accelerators (Nature Photonic April 2013)

G. Mourou Ecole Polytechnique(Fr) A. Tunnermann U. Jena (De) D. Payne ORC, U. Southampton (UK) JP. Koutchouck CERN.


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Very high potential of

Scientific and Societal Applications of

Relativistic, electron Protons(>GeV)

Megawatt Power level (B€)

• Proton Colliders (Tevatron, LHC)

• Neutron sources (SNS, ESS)

• Neutrino Sources(SNS, ESS)

• Radioactive Ion Beam (FRIB, Eurisol)

• Gamma ray source

• Accelerator Driven Systems(Ch-ADS,MYRRHA)

• Electron linear collider

• Muon collider

• Free Electron laser at 10kHz

• Higgs factory!!!

G. Mourou 34


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

www.eli-np.ro

ELI-NP will put Romania on the world map of

frontier research facilities

Thank you for your patience!


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Ultrashort pulses can provide

Photons and Particles with Short and Synchronized

Time Structure in the femtosecond, attosecond,

zeptosecond regimes

Visible

Particules: Electrons

Protons, muons,…

High energy radiation: X,

gamma ray


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

• Proposed Gamma Beam Infrastructure

– Very high intensity, narrow bandwidth

– ~20keV resolution at E = 10MeV

– A crystal monochromator may bring the BW down to 10-6

Parameter ELI-NP Laser,

C.B.

S-DALINAC Bremsstrahlun

g

NEPTUNE Bremss + PT

AIST FEL,

C.B.

HIGS FEL,

C.B.

MEGA-ray

Laser, C.B.

Energy range

(MeV) 0.1 – 20 1 – 10 8 – 20 1 – 20 1 – 160 < 3.5 MeV

Relative

bandwidth <0.3% - >0.3% 1-8% 1-10% 0.1%

Time-average

spectral

density photons(eV*s)-1

>104 <103 10 ? <103 105

37


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

Mission:

Study matter from atom to vacuum

Fundamental Research &

Applications of Laser & Ion beams


July 17-18 ,2013

S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro

• February-April 2010

Scientific case “White Book”(100 scientists, 30 institutions) (www.eli-np.ro)

approved by ELI-NP International Scientific Advisory Board

• August 2010

Feasibility Study

• December 2010 – Romanian Government:

ELI-NP priority project

• August 2011 – March 2012

Technical Design

• January 2012

Submission of the application for funding

• March 2012

Detailed technical design of the buildings.

39

eli-np extreme landscape of subatomic physics with high

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