ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

ELEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTELEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The activities associated with the management of solid waste from the point of generation to final disposal has been group into six elements.

Waste Generation Waste Storage Waste Collection Waste Transfer and Transport Waste Treatment Waste Disposal

Waste GenerationWaste Generation

Urbanization and industrialization - many changes in the quality and quantity of solid wastes generated

Some of the changes included: change in waste characteristic increased volume of waste use modern techniques in MSWM concentration of large population in a

small area

Con’t….Con’t….

The type of produced depends upon various factors :

standard of living occupation habits of dietary

Average per capita generation of waste 0.85 kg/cap/day. About 1.5 kg/cap/day in Kuala Lumpur.

Con’t….Con’t….

Housing area generates the largest amount of waste.

The high income group residential areas - high percentage of leaves, glass and plastic

Market areas - large percentage of garbage and leaves,

Hay & straw is the large proposition in commercial areas

Con’t….Con’t….

Slum areas higher percentage of hay & straw , lower percentage of glass &

WASTE GENERATION IN MALAYSIAWASTE GENERATION IN MALAYSIA

Angg. Penduduk Angg. Sisa Angg. Penduduk Angg. Sisa Angg. Penduduk Angg. Sisadalam kaw. PBT Yang Dihasilkan dalam kaw. PBT Yang Dihasilkan dalam kaw. PBT Yang Dihasilkan

(tan/hari) (tan/hari) (tan/hari)

1. JOHOR 2,252,882 1,915 2,309,204 2,002 2,366,934 2,093

2. KEDAH 1,557,259 1,324 1,596,190 1,384 1,636,095 1,447

3. KELANTAN 1,216,769 1,034 1,247,188 1,081 1,278,368 1,131

4. MELAKA 605,361 515 620,495 538 636,007 562

5. NEG. SEMBILAN 890,597 757 912,862 791 935,683 827

6. PAHANG 1,126,000 957 1,154,150 1,001 1,183,004 1,046

7. PERAK 1,796,575 1,527 1,841,489 1,597 1,887,527 1,669

8. PERLIS 230,000 196 235,750 204 241,644 214

9. PULAU PINANG 1,279,470 1,088 1,311,457 1,137 1,344,243 1,189

10. SELANGOR 3,325,261 2,826 3,408,393 2,955 3,493,602 3,090

11. TERENGGANU 1,038,436 883 1,064,397 923 1,091,007 965

12. KUALA LUMPUR 1,400,000 2,520 1,435,000 2,635 1,470,875 2,755

JUMLAH 16,718,610 15,541 17,136,575 16,248 17,564,989 16,987

Tahun 2000

NegeriBil.

Tahun 2002Tahun 2001

Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics

32.0

29.5

3.4

7

16.0

2.04.5

0.4 3.7 0.60.9

organic/food waste paper textile/lether wood

plastic rubber glass ceramic

ferrous metal n.ferrous metal others

Waste Generation in Malaysia

33.6%

13.2%12.7%

3.6%

3.5%

0.9%

7.5%

1.2%

3.7%

20.1%

housing industry commercial offi ce market hospital road park wood others

International Trend in MSW International Trend in MSW GenerationGeneration

Most Asian country produce lower quantities of waste (mean 0.56 kg/capita/day) except Japan.

The developed industrial countries generate more (mean 0.96 kg/capita/day).

Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong show the pattern of waste generation similar to EC countries (0.86 kg/capita/day)

US is the largest per capita generating of MSW (1.97 kg/capita/day).

Scandinavian countries generated above the per capita EC average (>0.96 kg)

The population size does not influence the rate of waste generation.

Waste compositionWaste composition

Malaysia generate about 72% compostable waste, comprising;organic waste paper textile/leather wood

Garbage is the main component - 37 to 48%

Paper and cardboard is the second most abundant component (18 to 30% is)

Cont’….Cont’….

Plastic waste was at 9 – 16%

KL generate only 9% plastic waste compare to 14 – 16% generate other three cities around KL

The composition of MSW reflects the affluence of the society:

The way of life

Economic status

Social behaviour

Source : MHLG 2009

24 % PLASTICS

6 % IRON

3 % GLASS

15 % OTHERS

45 % ORGANIC

7 % PAPER

WASTE COMPOSITION

Year MSW

2002 17,000 tons / day

2005 20,110 tons / day

2020 30,000 tons / day

Waste Composition (K.L.)Waste Composition (K.L.)

No. Source Of Waste Residential Commercial Institutional

1. Food waste & organic 63.1 76.8 40.6

2. Mix paper 6.7 7.6 16.0

3. Mix plastics 14.3 9.0 17.2

4. Textiles 1.7 0.5 0.7

5. Rubber & leather 0.6 0.3 0.1

6. Yard waste 6.3 0.9 18.4

7. Glass 2.1 0.9 1.5

8. Ferrous 2.3 1.4 2.8

9. Aluminum 0.1 0.1 1.3

10. Others 2.8 2.5 1.4

Total (2,3,7,8,9) 25.5 19.0 38.8

Source: Nazeri 2002

Composition of refuse from the municipality of KL, Composition of refuse from the municipality of KL, Petaling Jaya and Penang for the year 1990Petaling Jaya and Penang for the year 1990

Penang Kuala Lumpur

Petaling Jaya

Paper & cardboard 25.5 30.0 27.0

Textile & leather 3.4 2.5 3.1

Plastics 11.2 9.8 16.4

Rubber 0.8 0.2 2.0

wood 14.4 3.2 7.0

garbage 32.8 40.8 36.5

Metal ferrous & non-ferrous

2.6 4.6 3.9

Glass & ceramics 1.4 3.0 3.1

Others 8 5.9 1.0