elements minerals rock - mrs....
TRANSCRIPT
Minerals Naturally occurring
Solid
Inorganic/Non-living
Fixed chemical formula
Crystalline structure
Identified by
hardness
characteristic
Minerals (examples)
Halite(table salt) is a mineral.
Sugar is a crystalline solid but comes from plants, sugar cane. This classifies it as an organic compound and so is not a mineral.
Coal on the other hand also comes from plants (organic) and is generally considered a mineral.
What is a Rock anyways?
A solid, naturally
occurring, make up of
minerals or mineral
like matter.
Not organic
Constantly changing
forms
What are Rocks made of?
Some rocks are just composed of
just one mineral. (ex: quartz)
Most rocks are a mixture of
several minerals. (ex: granite)
Why care about Rocks?
Energy & Commerce
• Fossil Fuels
• Gems
• Countertops & other building materials
History of the Earth
• Dinosaurs, Pass Climates, Pangaea
• Other Planets
• Meteorites
• Rock Samples (from missions)
Careers
• Geologists, Archeologist, Climatologist, Engineers,
Architects, Artists
3 Types of Rocks
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Rocks are classified by the processes under which they were formed.
How to identify rocks?
Color
Luster
Weight
Fracture - breaks
Weight
Magnetism
Tenacity - toughness
Hardness – scratch test
Transparency
Magnetism
Crystal Formation
Scientist used to lick and taste rocks!
Not a good idea there is a lot of
Arsenic out there!
General Characteristic of Rocks
Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary
Crystals
Fine-grained
Glassy
Bubbles
Warped
Distorted
Bands
Flakes
Dense
Layers
Fossils
Fragments
Igneous Rock
Latin for “fire”
Formed when magma cools (lava) and makes
crystals
The rate at which they cool determines type.
Underground- magma cools slowly Above ground - magma cools quickly.
Basalt GranitePumice
IGNEOUS ROCK
• Igneous Rock form from magma within
boundaries of a continent is mostly
composed of Granite.
• Igneous Rock form from magma within
boundaries of the ocean is mostly
composed of Basalt.
Sedimentary Rock
Latin for “settling”
Sediments of different types of rocks together into
layers.
“cemented” together large pieces with mud or silt
Processes;
Weathering, Deposition, Erosion, Compaction,
Cementation
ShaleSandstone Halite
(salt)Coal
Sedimentary RockLimestone is a sedimentary rock consisting of more
than 50% calcium carbonate (calcite - CaCO3). There
are many different types of limestone formed through a
variety of processes. Limestone can be precipitated
from water (non-clastic, chemical or inorganic
limestone), secreted by marine organisms such as
algae and coral (biochemical limestone), or can form
from the shells of dead sea creatures (bioclastic
limestone). Some limestones form from the
cementation of sand and / or mud by calcite
(clastic limestone), and these often have the
appearance of sandstone or mudstone. As calcite is the
principle mineral component of limestone, it will fizz in
dilute hydrochloric acid.
Marble(Parent
rock of
Limestone)
GneissSlate
Metamorphic Rock
Latin Meta - “change” Morph - “form”
When rocks are changed due to heat
and pressure.
Has to be a great deal of heat like in the
mantle. (Think convergence boundaries)
Ro
ck
Cyc
le
Melting
Heat and
Pressure
Melting
Cooling
Weathering
And Erosion
Heat and
Pressure
Weathering
And Erosion
Weathering
And Erosion
Compaction
And concreting
a low area in the Earth’s crust, of
tectonic origin, in which sediments
(sand, mud etc.) accumulate
range in size from hundreds of meters
to large parts of ocean basins
Sedimentary Basin
(divergent boundary)
COOKIES!
Bring a batch of cookies –
enough for everyone in class.
Make sure they are unique we
need variety.
Homemade or store-bought.
NEED TUESDAY!!
Please don’t all bring Chocolate chip!
ColorVery Light
Light
NotVery Light Not Very Dark
Dark
Very Dark
Neither Light nor Dark
Ligh
tes
t
Da
rke
st
Mafic is rock
that is rich
in magnesium
and iron
Felsic refers
to rocks that
rich in
elements that
form feldspar
and quartz
Finding The MineralsIdentify the rock. Unless you have other information,
work in the middle of the rock’s box.