elements cards 8.5x11 2sided

The Periodic Tableof the Elements,

in Picturesand Words

Copyright © 2005–2013Keith Enevoldsen

See website for terms of use.

elements.wlonk.com

Hydrogen belongs to no definite group. It forms compounds by either donating an electron like an alkali metal or accepting an electron like a halogen.

Alkali Metals are very reactive and readily form compounds but are not found free in nature. They form salts and alkali (acid-neutralizing) compounds such as baking soda. In pure form, they are very soft metals which catch fire on contact with water.

Alkali Earth Metals are reactive and readily form compounds but are not found free in nature. Their oxides are called alkali earths. In pure form, they are soft and somewhat brittle metals.

The color of the symbol isthe color of the element inits most common pure form.Examples

top ten elements by weightHuman Body

top eight elements by weightEarth's Crust

ferromagnetic at room temperatureMagnetic

Solid

Liquid

at roomtemperature

Gas

corrosion-resistantNoble Metals

all isotopes are radioactiveRadioactive

less than a millionth percent of earth's crustOnly Traces Found in Nature

only made by peopleNever Found in Nature

red liquidcolorless gas

metallic solid





Solid

Liquid

at roomtemperature

Gas






metallic solid





Solid

Liquid

at roomtemperature

Gas






metallic solid





Solid

Liquid

at roomtemperature

Gas






metallic solid





Solid

Liquid

at roomtemperature

Gas






metallic solid

elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com



Hydrogen

H

No Group

Alkali Metals

Alkali M

etals

Alkali Earth MetalsA

lkali Earth Metals

Alkali Earth MetalsAlkali Metals

Tran

siti

on M

etal

s

Supe

rhea

vy E

lem

ents

Rare

Ear

th M

etal

s

Act

inid

e M

etal

s

Noble GasesHalogens

Metalloids

Poor

MetalsNonmetals

H


Tran

siti

on M

etal

s

Supe

rhea

vy E

lem

ents

Rare

Ear

th M

etal

s

Act

inid

e M

etal

s

Noble GasesHalogens

Metalloids

Poor

MetalsNonmetals

H


Tran

siti

on M

etal

s

Supe

rhea

vy E

lem

ents

Rare

Ear

th M

etal

s

Act

inid

e M

etal

s

Noble GasesHalogens

Metalloids

Poor

MetalsNonmetals

H


Tran

siti

on M

etal

s

Supe

rhea

vy E

lem

ents

Rare

Ear

th M

etal

s

Act

inid

e M

etal

s

Noble GasesHalogens

Metalloids

Poor

MetalsNonmetals

H


Tran

siti

on M

etal

s

Supe

rhea

vy E

lem

ents

Rare

Ear

th M

etal

s

Act

inid

e M

etal

s

Noble GasesHalogens

Metalloids

Poor

MetalsNonmetals

H

AtomicSymbol

Name

Symbols

AtomicNumbernumber of

protons

How it is (or was) usedor where it occurs in nature

_____ium

Widgets

A Z




Halogens are reactive nonmetals and readily form compounds but are not found free in nature. They combine with alkali metals to form salts (halogen means salt-former).

Noble Gases are inactive, or inert. Each atom has exactly the number of electrons it needs to have a full outer shell, so these atoms almost never bond with other atoms. That is why these are all gases.

Transition Metals are typical metals: they are strong, shiny, malleable (they can be hammered into shape), flexible (in thin sheets or wires), and they conduct both heat and electricity.

Poor Metals are usually soft and have low melting temperatures.

Metalloids are partly like metals and partly like nonmetals. For example, they are semiconductors, which means they conduct electricity in some conditions.B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te are metalloids.

Nonmetals, in their solid state, are usually brittle (they break rather than bend) and they are insulators of both heat and electricity.

Actinide Metals are all radioactive heavy metals. They are used mainly for their radioactive properties.

Rare Earth Metals are all soft metals. They are chemically similar to scandium and yttrium and are difficult to separate from each other.

Superheavy Elements are all radioactive and short-lived. They are never found in nature and have no uses except atomic research.




HalogensH

alogensNoble Gases

Noble Gases

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Poor Metals

Poor

Metals

Metalloids

Metalloids

Nonmetals

Nonmetals

Rare Earth Metals

Rare Earth Metals

Actinide Metals

Actinide Metals

Superheavy Elements

Superheavy Elements




Sun andStars

H 1Hydrogen

Balloons

He 2Helium

Batteries

Li 3Lithium

Emeralds

Be 4Beryllium

SportsEquipment

B 5Boron

Basis of Life'sMolecules

C 6Carbon

Protein

N 7Nitrogen

Air

O 8Oxygen

Toothpaste

F 9Fluorine




Hydrogen 1explosive gas,

lightest element;90% of atoms in

the universe,sun and stars,water (H20),life's organic

molecules

HHelium 2inert gas, secondlightest element;fuel for nuclear

fusion in sunand stars,

balloons, lasers,supercold

refrigerant

He3Lithiumlightest metal,soft, reactive;

lightweightaluminum alloys,

batteries,impact-resistant

ceramic cookware,mood stabilizer

Li

4Berylliumlightweight metal;

non-sparkingcopper alloy tools,

aerospace,X-ray windows,

beryl gems:emeralds andaquamarines

BeBoron 5hard black solid;

borax soap,fertilizer,

stiff fibers,sports equipment,

heat-resistantborosilicate glass,semiconductors

BCarbon 6hard diamond,soft graphite;basis of life's

organic molecules,animals, plants,

CO2, wood, paper,cloth, plastic,

coal, oil, gasoline

C

Nitrogen 7colorless gas;78% of air,

organic molecules,protein, muscles,DNA, ammonia,

fertilizer,explosives (TNT),

refrigerants

NOxygen 8colorless gas;

21% of air, H2O,65% of the body,organic molecules,blood, breathing,

fire, half ofearth's crust,

minerals, oxides

OFluorine 9yellowish

poison gas,most reactive

element;glowing fluorite,

toothpaste,nonstick cookware,CFC refrigerants

F




AdvertisingSigns

Ne 10Neon

Salt

Na 11Sodium

Chlorophyll

Mg 12Magnesium

Airplanes

Al 13Aluminum

Stone, Sand,and Soil

Si 14Silicon

Bones

P 15Phosphorus

Egg Yolks

S 16Sulfur

SwimmingPools

Cl 17Chlorine

Light Bulbs

Ar 18Argon




Neon 10inert gas;

orange-redneon tubes for

advertising signs,lasers,

supercoldrefrigerant

Ne11Sodiumsoft metal,reactive;

salt (NaCl), nerves,baking soda,

antacids, lye, soap,soda ash, glass,papermaking,street lamps

Na12Magnesiumlightweight metal;

chlorophyll ingreen plants,talc, basalt,

aluminum alloys,cars, planes, bikes,flares, sparklers,

antacids

Mg

Aluminum 13lightweight non-corroding metal;

kitchenware, cans,foil, machinery,

cars, planes, bikes,feldspar, granite,

clay, ceramics,corundum, gems

AlSilicon 14hard metalloid;quartz, granite,sand, soil, clay,ceramics, glass,algae, diatoms,

semiconductors,computer chips,silicone rubber

SiPhosphorus 15glowing white waxy

solid (also redand black forms);

bones, DNA,energy-storing

phosphates (ATP),fertilizer, acids,

detergent, matches

P

Sulfur 16brittle yellow solid;

skin, hair,egg yolks, onions,

garlic, skunks,hot springs,

volcanos, gypsum,rubber, acids,papermaking

SChlorine 17greenish poison gas;salt (NaCl), bleach,

stomach acid,disinfectant,

drinking water,swimming pools,

PVC plasticpipes and bottles

ClArgon 18inert gas;1% of air,

most abundantinert gas,

light bulbs,"neon" tubes,

lasers,welding gas

Ar




Fruits andVegetables

K 19Potassium

Shells andBones

Ca 20Calcium

Bicycles

Sc 21Scandium

Aerospace

Ti 22Titanium

Springs

V 23Vanadium

StainlessSteel

Cr 24Chromium

Earthmovers

Mn 25Manganese

Fe 26Iron

SteelStructures Magnets

Co 27Cobalt




Potassium 19soft metal,reactive;

salts, nerves,nutrients in fruits

and vegetables,soap, fertilizer,potash, matches,

gunpowder

KCalcium 20soft metal;

bones, teeth, milk,leaves, vegetables,

shells, coral,limestone, chalk,gypsum, plaster,mortar, cement,marble, antacids

CaScandium 21soft lightweight

metal;aluminum alloys,

racing bikes,stadium lamps,furnace bricks,

aquamarines

Sc

Titanium 22strongest

lightweight metal,heat-resistant;

aerospace,racing bikes,

artificial joints,white paint,

blue sapphires

TiVanadium 23hard metal;hard strong

resilient steel,structures,

vehicles, springs,driveshafts, tools,

aerospace,violet sapphires

VChromium 24hard shiny metal;

stainless steel(Fe-Cr-Ni),

kitchenware,nichrome heaters,car trim, paints,recording tape,

emeralds & rubies

Cr

Manganese 25hard metal;

hard tough steel,earthmovers,rock crushers,

rails, plows, axes,batteries,fertilizer,amethysts

MnIron 26medium-hard

metal, magnetic;steel alloys

are mostly iron,structures,

vehicles, magnets,earth's core,

red rocks, blood

FeCobalt 27hard metal,magnetic;

hard strong steel,cutting tools,

turbines,magnets (Al-Ni-Co),blue glass, ceramics,

vitamin B-12

Co




Coins

Ni 28Nickel

ElectricWires

Cu 29Copper

BrassInstruments

Zn 30Zinc

Light-EmittingDiodes (LEDs)

Ga 31Gallium

SemiconductorElectronics

Ge 32Germanium

Poison

As 33Arsenic

Copiers

Se 34Selenium

PhotographyFilm

Br 35Bromine

Flashlights

Kr 36Krypton




Nickel 28medium-hard

metal, magnetic;stainless steel

(Fe-Cr-Ni),kitchenware,

nichrome heaters,nicad batteries,

coins, earth's core

NiCopper 29colored metal,

conducts heat andelectricity well;wires, cookware,brass (Cu-Zn),

bronze (Cu-Sn),coins, pipes,

blue crab blood

CuZinc 30non-corroding

metal;galvanized steel,brass (Cu-Zn),

batteries, whitepaint, phosphorsin TVs and lamps,

fertilizer

Zn

Gallium 31soft metal, melts

on a hot day;semiconductors,light-emittingdiodes (LEDs)

(GaAs),signal lights,tiny lasers

GaGermaniumGe 32brittle metalloid;semiconductors,

transistors,rectifiers, diodes,

photocells,lenses,

infrared windows

Bromine 35dark red liquid;disinfectant,

pools and spas,photo film,

flame retardant,leaded gasoline,

sedatives

Br

Arsenic 33brittle metalloid;

poisons,semiconductors,light-emittingdiodes (LEDs)

(GaAs),signal lights,tiny lasers

As

Selenium 34brittle gray solid;

photocopiers,laser printers,

photocells,red glass,

dandruff shampoo,rubber

SeKrypton 36inert gas;

high-intensitylamps, headlights,

flashlights,lanterns,

"neon" tubes,lasers

Kr




GlobalNavigation

Rb 37Rubidium

Fireworks

Sr 38Strontium

Lasers

Y 39Yttrium

ChemicalPipelines

Zr 40Zirconium

Mag LevTrains

Nb 41Niobium

CuttingTools

Mo 42Molybdenum

RadioactiveDiagnosis

Tc 43Technetium

ElectricSwitches

Ru 44Ruthenium

SearchlightReflectors

Rh 45Rhodium




Rubidium 37soft metal,reactive;

atomic clocks,global navigation

(GPS),vacuum tubescavenger

RbStrontium 38soft metal;

red fireworks,flares,

phosphors,nuclear batteries,

medicaldiagnostic tracer,

nuclear fallout

SrYttrium 39soft metal;

phosphors incolor TVs,

lasers (YAG, YLF),furnace bricks,

high-temperaturesuperconductors

Y

Zirconium 40non-corroding

neutron-resistantmetal;

chemical pipelines,nuclear reactors,furnace bricks,

abrasives,zircon gems

ZrNiobium 41high-melting-point

non-corrodingmetal;

chemical pipelines,superconductors,

magneticlevitation trains,

MRI magnets

NbMolybdenum 42high-melting-point

metal;hard steel,

cutting tools,drill bits,

armor plate,gun barrels,fertilizer

Mo

Technetium 43radioactive,long-lived;

first human-madeelement, only

traces on earthbut found in stars,

medicaldiagnostic tracer

TcRhodium 45non-corroding

hard shiny metal;labware,

reflectors,electric contacts,thermocouples,

catalyst,pollution control

Rh Ruthenium 44non-corrodinghard metal;

electric contacts,leaf switches,

pen tips.catalyst,hydrogen

production

Ru




PollutionControl

Pd 46Palladium

Jewelry

Ag 47Silver

Paint

Cd 48Cadmium

Liquid CrystalDisplays (LCDs)

In 49Indium

PlatedFood Cans

Sn 50Tin

CarBatteries

Sb 51Antimony

ThermoelectricCoolers

Te 52Tellurium

Disinfectant

I 53Iodine

High-IntensityLamps

Xe 54Xenon




Palladium 46non-corrodinghard metal,

absorbs hydrogen;labware,

electric contacts,dentistry,catalyst,

pollution control

PdSilver 47soft shiny metal,

conductselectricity bestof all elements;

jewelry,silverware, coins,

dentistry,photo film

AgCadmium 48non-corroding

soft metal, toxic;electroplated

steel,nicad batteries,red and yellow

paints,fire sprinklers

Cd

Indium 49soft metal;

solders,glass seals,

glass coatings,liquid crystal

displays (LCDs),semiconductors,

diodes, photocells

InTin 50non-corroding

soft metal;solders,

plated food cans,bronze (Cu-Sn),

pewter cups,glassmaking,

fire sprinklers

SnAntimony 51brittle metalloid;

solders,lead hardener,

batteries, bullets,semiconductors,

photocells,matches,

flame retardant

Sb

Tellurium 52brittle metalloid;

alloys,semiconductors,

photocopiers,computer disks,thermo-electric

coolers andgenerators

TeIodine 53violet-black solid,disinfectant for

wounds anddrinking water,added to salt

to preventthyroid disease,

photo film

IXenon 54inert gas;

high-intensitylamps, headlights,

stadium lamps,projectors,

strobes, lasers,spacecraftion engines

Xe




AtomicClocks

Cs 55Cesium

X-RayDiagnosis

Ba 56Barium

TelescopeLenses

La 57Lanthanum

LighterFlints

Ce 58Cerium

Torchworkers'Eyeglasses

Pr 59Praseodymium

Electric MotorMagnets

Nd 60Neodymium

LuminousDials

Pm 61Promethium

Electric MotorMagnets

Sm 62Samarium

ColorTelevisions

Eu 63Europium




Cesium 55soft metal, melts

on a hot day,reactive, largest

stable atoms;atomic clocks,

global navigation(GPS), vacuumtube scavenger

CsBarium 56soft metal,

absorbs X-rays;stomach X-ray

contrast enhancer,green firworks,

whitener and fillerfor paper, plastic,

and rubber

BaLanthanum 57soft metal;

optical glass,telescopeeyepieces,

camera lenses,lighter flints,

arc lamps

La

Cerium 58soft metal;

most abundantrare earth metal,

lighter flints,gas lamp mantles,

self-cleaningovens,

glass polishing

CePraseodymium 59soft metal;

torchworkers'didymium eye-

glasses (Pr-Nd),lighter flints,

arc lamps,magnets,

yellow glass

PrNeodymium 60soft metal;

strong magnets(Nd-Fe-B),

electric motors,speakers andheadphones,

lasers,lighter flints

Nd

Promethium 61radioactive,long-lived;

human-made,small traces

in nature,luminous dials,

sheet thicknessgauges

PmSamarium 62soft metal;

magnets (Sm-Co),electric motors,

speakers andheadphones,

infrared sensors,infrared-absorbing

glass

SmEuropium 63soft metal;

phosphors incolor TVs and

trichromatic lamps,luminous paint,

lasers

Eu




MRIDiagnosis

Gd 64Gadolinium

FluorescentLamps

Tb 65Terbium

Smart MaterialActuators

Dy 66Dysprosium

LaserSurgery

Ho 67Holmium

Optical FiberCommunications

Er 68Erbium

LaserSurgery

Tm 69Thulium

ScientificFiber Lasers

Yb 70Ytterbium

PhotodynamicMedicine

Lu 71Lutetium

NuclearSubmarines

Hf 72Hafnium




Gadolinium 64soft metal, best

neutron absorber,magnetic;

magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI)

contrast enhancer,phosphors, neutron

radiography

GdTerbium 65soft metal;

phosphors incolor TVs and

trichromatic lamps,computer disks,magnetostrictivesmart materials(Terfenol-D®)

TbDysprosium 66soft metal;

nuclearcontrol rods,

MRI phosphors,computer disks,magnetostrictivesmart materials(Terfenol-D®)

Dy

Holmium 67soft metal;

infrared lasers,laser surgery,eye-safe laserrangefinders,

computer disks,yellow glass filters

HoErbium 68soft metal;fiber optic

signal amplifiers,infrared lasers,laser surgery,

pink glass,sunglasses,

vanadium alloys

ErThulium 69soft metal;

rarest stablerare earth metal,infrared lasers,laser surgery,

phosphors

Tm

Ytterbium 70soft metal;fiber optic

signal amplifiers,infrared

fiber lasers,stainless steel

alloys

YbLutetium 71soft metal,densest and

hardestrare earth metal;cancer-fightingphotodynamic

(light-activated)medicine

LuHafnium 72non-corroding

metal,absorbs neutrons;nuclear reactorcontrol rods in

submarines,plasma torchelectrodes

Hf




MobilePhones

Ta 73Tantalum

LampFilaments

W 74Tungsten

RocketEngines

Re 75Rhenium

Pen Points

Os 76Osmium

Spark Plugs

Ir 77Iridium

Labware

Pt 78Platinum

Jewelry

Au 79Gold

Thermometers

Hg 80Mercury

Low-TemperatureThermometers

Tl 81Thallium




high-melting-pointnon-corroding

metal;labware,

surgical tools,artificial joints,

capacitors,mobile phones

Tantalum 73TaTungsten 74highest-melting-

point metal, dense;filaments in

lamps and TVs,cutting tools,

abrasives,thermocouples

WRhenium 75high-melting-point

dense metal;rocket engines,

heater coils,lab filaments,

electric contacts,thermocouples,

catalyst

Re

Osmium 76non-corroding

high-melting-pointhard metal,

densest element(same as iridium);electric contacts,pen tips, needles,

fingerprint powder

OsIridium 77non-corrodinghard metal,

densest element(same as osmium);

labware,spark plugs,

pen tips, needles

IrPlatinum 78non-corrodingdense metal;

labware,spark plugs,

catalyst,pollution control,

petroleum cracking,processing fats

Pt

Gold 79most malleableelement, densenon-tarnishingcolored metal;jewelry, coins,

ultra-thingold leaf,

electric contacts

AuMercury 80liquid metal,

toxic;thermometers,

barometers,thermostats,street lamps,

fluorescent lamps,dentistry

HgThallium 81soft metal,

toxic;low-melting-pointmercury alloys,

low-temperaturethermometers,undersea lamps,

photocells

Tl




Weights

Pb 82Lead

Anti-StaticBrushes

Po 84Polonium

RadioactiveMedicine

At 85Astatine

SurgicalImplants

Rn 86Radon

LaserAtom Traps

Fr 87Francium

LuminousWatches

Ra 88Radium

RadioactiveMedicine

Ac 89Actinium

Gas LampMantles

Th 90Thorium

FireSprinklers

Bi 83Bismuth




Lead 82dense, soft,

non-corrodingmetal, toxic;

weights, solders,batteries, bullets,

crystal glass,old plumbing,

radiation shield

PbBismuth 83low-melting-point

brittle metal;solders, fuses,fire sprinklers

(plugs meltwhen hot),

cosmetics pigment

BiPolonium 84radioactive,long-lived;

first radioactiveelement found,

small tracesin nature,

anti-static brushes,tobacco

Po

Astatine 85radioactive,short-lived;small traces

in nature,cancer medicine

AtRadon 86radioactive gas,

short-lived;environmental

hazard,surgical implants

for cancertreatment

RnFrancium 87radioactive,short-lived

atoms largerthan cesium;small traces

in nature,studied in

laser atom traps

Fr

Radium 88radioactive,long-lived;

luminous watches(now banned),medical radonproduction,radiography,

radwaste

RaActinium 89radioactive,long-lived;


cancer medicine,neutron source,

radwaste

AcThorium 90radioactive,long-lived;

most abundantradioactive element,

nuclearreactor fuel,

gas lamp mantles,tungsten filaments

Th




RadioactiveWaste

Pa 91Protactinium

NuclearPower

U 92Uranium

RadioactiveWaste

Np 93Neptunium

NuclearWeapons

Pu 94Plutonium

SmokeDetectors

Am 95Americium

MineralAnalyzers

Cm 96Curium

RadioactiveWaste

Bk 97Berkelium

MineralAnalyzers

Cf 98Californium

Es 99Einsteinium




Protactinium91radioactive,long-lived;

small tracesin nature,no uses,

radwaste

PaUranium 92radioactive,

long-lived, dense;nuclear

reactor fuel,nuclear weapons,counterweights,armor piercing

bullets

UNeptunium 93radioactive,long-lived;


neutron detectors,dosimeters,

nuclear weapons,radwaste

Np

Plutonium 94radioactive,long-lived;

small tracesin nature,nuclear

reactor fuel,nuclear weapons,

radwaste

PuAmericium 95radioactive,long-lived;

never foundin nature,

smoke detectors,sheet thickness

gauges,radwaste

AmCurium 96radioactive,long-lived;

never foundin nature,scientific

instruments,mineral analyzers,

radwaste

Cm

Berkelium 97radioactive,long-lived;

never foundin nature,no uses,

radwaste

BkCalifornium 98radioactive,long-lived;

never foundin nature,scientific

instruments,mineral analyzers,

radwaste

Cf

radioactive,short-lived;never foundin nature,no uses

Einsteinium99Es




Fm 100Fermium

Md 101Mendelevium

No 102Nobelium

Lr 103Lawrencium

Rf 104Rutherfordium

Db 105Dubnium

Sg 106Seaborgium

Bh 107Bohrium

Hs 108Hassium





Fermium100Fm


Mendelevium101Md


Nobelium102No


Lawrencium103Lr


104Rutherfordium

Rf


105Dubnium

Db


106Seaborgium

Sg


107Bohrium

Bh


108Hassium

Hs




Mt 109Meitnerium

110DarmstadtiumDs 111

RoentgeniumRg

112CoperniciumCn 113

UnuntriumUut 114

FleroviumFl

115UnunpentiumUup 116

LivermoriumLv 117

UnunseptiumUus





109Meitnerium

Mt


110Darmstadtium

Ds


111Roentgenium

Rg


112Copernicium

Cn


113Ununtrium

Uut


114Flerovium

Fl


115Ununpentium

Uup


116Livermorium

Lv


117Ununseptium

Uus




118Ununoctium

Uuo




elements cards 8.5x11 2sided

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