ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

Elements

TONE• The use of light and dark shade in a piece of artwork.• Tone is used to give solidity, volume, and weight to an image.

Emotion is also given to an image through contrasting colors.• Tone is a quality of color. It has to do with whether or not color is

hot/cold, bright/dull, or light/dim.

TEXTURE• Texture is the quality of a surface, often corresponding it its

tactile character, or what may be sensed by touch.• Texture is used to portray different surfaces in a piece of artwork.

COLOR• Color is the element of art that is produced when light, striking

an object, is reflected to the eye.• Colors are the mixture of 3 primary colors, RED, YELLOW, and

BLUE.

LINE• Line is defined as a mark that spans a distance between two

points (or the path of a moving object), taking any form along the way.

• Line can characterize a shape by being the edge of an area or surface, color, tone, or pattern.

Principles

PROXIMITY• The concept of proximity says that related items should be

grouped together.• Likewise, items that are not related should not be close to each

other.

EMPHASIS• Emphasis creates a focal point in a design, without emphasis the

viewer could get sidetracked and not view the image.• Emphasis can be created by contrast, but may also be created by

placement

SPACE• Space is the distance or area around or between elements on an

artwork. • Space, in two-dimensional design, is essentially flat; it has height

and width, but no depth.

CONTRAST• Contrast gives variety and makes the elements more lively.• Contrast can be displayed through contrasting colors and shapes.

TYPOGRAPHY• Typography is the art and technique of arranging type in order to

make language visible.• Typography is commonly found on posters.

BIBLIOGRAPHY• http://

www.canleyvale.hs.education.nsw.gov.au/Winning%20websites/art/eod.htm

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elements_of_art#Line • https://

www.getty.edu/education/teachers/building_lessons/principles_design.pdf

• https://www.msu.edu/~glazered/tc801/graphic.html • http://nwrain.net/~tersiisky/design/emphasis.html • http://

www.canleyvale.hs.education.nsw.gov.au/Winning%20websites/art/pod.htm