elementary school pe
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Elementary School Physical Education
Introduction
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Elementary School Physical Education
Physical education is that part ofgeneral education that contributes to the total growthand developmentof each child primarily throughmovementexperiences.
Defined:
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Physical Education Is Movement Education
►Through the body ►Of the body ►About the body
and its relationship to exercise
PE is Education
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Physical Education Is Movement Education
►Through the body →
cognitive, affective and psychomotor goals are achieved using movement as the media of learning
PE is Education
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Physical Education Is Movement Education
►Of the body →
learning to move skillfully and developing desirable levels of skill and health related fitness
PE is Education
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Physical Education Is Movement Education
►About the body and its relationship to exercise →
learning principles of movement, how to exercise properly,
how to get and stay fit
PE is Education
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Elementary School Physical Education
Physical education is that part of general education that contributes to the total growth and developmentof each child primarily through movement experiences. It is education of the child through the body, of the body, and about the body and its relationship to exercise.
Redefined:
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Objectives of Physical Education
►UniqueMotor skills and movement competenceUnderstanding human movement principlesLifetime Activity skills
►SharedPersonal health & wellness skillsPositive social skills
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Domains of Learning in PE
►Cognitive Domain – knowledge►Affective Domain - values, attitudes►Psychomotor Domain - motor skills,
movement competence, activity and sports skills (Skill- Related Fitness)Health-Related Fitness Domain - cardiovascular
fitness, flexibility, body composition, muscular strength and endurance
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WHAT PHYS. ED., ...AiN’t!!
R E C E S S
R E C R E A T I O N
P H Y S I C A L F I T N E S S
A T H L E T I C S
Poem by Ambrose Brazelton
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What Phys. Ed. Is!
An integral part of the learning process:
Focused on personalized growth and success:
Striving to enhance through instructional giving:
***Productive, efficient, harmonious living!!!
Poem by Ambrose Brazelton
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Elementary School Physical Education
In North Carolina
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Physical Education
►Specialists scheduled visits once a week / every two
weeks
►Classroom Teachers responsible for daily physical education
Taught By
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North Carolina Elementary Physical Education Recommendations
►In the Basic Education Plan (BEP)►In the Healthful Living Standard Course of
Study►Required to the same extent as other
subjects►NC does not mandate any specific time for
any SCS subject in grades K-8 it is a local decision.
Physical Education is
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North Carolina Elementary Physical Education Recommendations
►150 minutes per week = 30 minutes/day►Maximum daily - minimum 3 days/week►May be taught by specialist or classroom
teacher►NC recommends specialists teach minimum of
once a week►Routinely count recess and free play as PE►Some schools have eliminated PE from the
curriculum DESPITE state requirements
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North Carolina Physical Education Problems
►Routinely count recess and free play as PE
►Some schools have eliminated PE from the curriculum DESPITE state requirements
►Some schools allow substitutions for PE (i.e., Marching Band, ROTC)
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North CarolinaState Board of Education
Healthy Active Children Policy
http://sbepolicy.dpi.state.nc.us/policies/HSP-S-000.asp?pri=01&cat=S&pol=000&acr=HSP
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Healthy Active Children Policy
►School Health Advisory Council to help plan, implement, and monitor
this policy composed of community and school
representatives from the eight areas of a coordinated school health program representatives and from the local health department and school administration
LEA Implementation
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Coordinated School Health Programs
1. safe environment
2. physical education
3. health education
4. staff wellness
5. health services
6. mental and social health
7. nutrition services
8. parental/family involvement
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Healthy Active Children Policy
►Department of Public Instructionshall notify each school district of the
availability of professional development opportunities and provide technical assistance in implementing coordinated school health programs at the local level
Coordinated School Health Programs
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Healthy Active Children Policy
►To address issues such as overweight, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and Type II diabetes
►Requires students enrolled in PK-8to participate in physical activityas part of the physical education curriculum
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Healthy Active Children Policy
Elementary schools should consider the benefits of having 150 minutes per week and middle schools should consider having 225 minutes per week of physical activity including a minimum of every other day of physical education throughout the school year.
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Healthy Active Children Policy
Shall be the environment in which students learn, practice and are assessed on developmentally appropriate motor skills, social skills, and knowledge as defined in the North Carolina Healthful Living Standard Course of Study
Physical Education Course
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Healthy Active Children Policy
PE classes should be the same size as other classes
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Healthy Active Children Policy
►Structured recess and other physical activity shall not be taken away as a form of punishment
Recess
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Healthy Active Children Policy
►Must involve physical exertion of at least a moderate intensity level and for a duration sufficient to provide a significant health benefit to students
Physical Activity
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Healthy Active Children Policy
►Appropriate amounts of recess and physical activity shall be provided for students
Recess and Physical Activity
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Healthy Active Children Policy
►Develop an action plan►Identify steps to fully implement the
policy by the 2006-2007 school year ►Including a review and appropriate
modifications of existing physical education and health curricula
LEA Implementation
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Healthy Active Children Policy
►Action plans submitted to the DPI by July 15, 2004
►Progress reports submitted to the DPI by July 15, 2005 and 2006
►Beginning July 15, 2007 an annual report Include the minutes of physical education
and physical activity received by students in each school
LEA Implementation
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Elementary School Physical Education
Historical Influences
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Several events shaped the development of today’s PE programs
► Public needs and concerns shape the direction of American Education
Historical Factors
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Middle of 1800s►Brought their programs to US with them►Gymnastics, games and calisthenics ►First scheduled PE programs established
German and Swiss Influence
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►One-third of recruits were unfit to serve
►Training of soldiers focused on games and sportsMore effective than calisthenics
►Emphasis on PE spread to schoolsGames and sports programs
World War I
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Two of aims focused on PEHealthWorthy use of leisure time
►Schools mold social change►“Learning is doing”
John Dewey and Cardinal Aims of Education
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Focus on sports and gamesLittle attention to qualityElementary PE modeled after
secondary PE programs►When times got tough
Equipment hard to getPE seemed unimportant or eliminated
The Depression Era
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Research showed efficacy of physical activity on health
►Little effect on school PE programs
World War II
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Compared US children to European children on strength and flexibility
►The President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports was one result
►Today’s Physical Fitness Tests The President’s Challenge FitnessGram/Physical Best
Kraus-Webber Test (1954)
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Originated in England►An exploratory, problem solving approach to PE►Tendency to apply it to all phases of PE► It is a viable method, but not the only approach
Movement Education
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Grew out of concern for slow learners►Developmental delays responsible for poor
academic performance►Training senses through movement►Posture, balance, imaging, body part
recognition, time & space
Perceptual Motor Programs
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Perceptual motor programs were ineffective in improving academic performance
►Legacy is integration of perceptual-motor principles in learning motor skillsBoth sides of body, balance skills
Perceptual Motor Programs
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Evolution of Elementary PE
► In the process of movement children learn conceptsLight/Heavy Fast/Slow High/Low
►NASPE’s “Basic Stuff” seriesCompilation of knowledge in PE sub-disciplines
► Integration into the PE curriculum
Conceptual Learning
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Receiving more attention in the schools►Moral education, Substance abuse, AIDS
awareness►Controversy surrounds such issues
Values and Attitude Development
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Equal educational opportunity to both sexes
►Huge impact on PE in secondary schools
►Co-ed PE classes mandated►Lesser impact on elementary PE
Lessened gender stereotyping
Title IXEducational Amendments Act of 1972
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►PL 94-142: Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1973
► IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 Free, public, appropriate education Least restrictive environment Individual Education Program
►There are problems/challenges involved
Equal Rights for Disabled
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►Today’s PE teachers teach more than just fitness, games and skills
►Wellness is a total state of well-being►Teach concepts related to:
Fitness for life, movement mechanics, etc
Health and Wellness
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Evolution of Elementary PE
►“A Nation at Risk” (1983) Did not mention PE
►Return to the “3 Rs”►Drop PE and the arts from the curriculum►Started the accountability trend►Emphasis on testing
“Back to Basics” Schools
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Evolution ofElementary PE
►The fitness emphasis in schools started by Kraus-Weber declined in 1970s and early 1980s
►While school programs declined we learned more about benefits of physical activity
►Fitness Boom of the 1970s and early 1980s left lots of people out
Health-RelatedFitness Resurgence
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Evolution ofElementary PE
►Schools and school children were left out of the fitness boom
Health-RelatedFitness Resurgence
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Who Benefited Most?
►Whites more than Asians, Hispanics, blacks►College grads more than high school grads►Men more than women►Rich more than poor►Young and middle age adults more than elderly,
children, youths, and teens
Is there a socioeconomic link?
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A Series of National Reports
Reveals Alarming Trends
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Physical Activity Becomes a National Health Priority
Or Does It?
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Healthy People 2000
►In 1990, the Department of Health and Human Services released Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives, a strategy for improving the health of Americans by the end of the century. www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/hp2000/h
p2000.htm
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Surgeon General’s Report
►Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General 1996 www.fitness.gov/exe
csum.htm www.cdc.gov/nccdph
p/sgr/sgr.htm
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Healthy People 2010
► In January 2000, the Department of Health and Human Services launched Healthy People 2010, a comprehensive, nationwide health promotion and disease prevention agenda. www.healthypeople.gov/ www.healthypeople.gov/d
ocument/HTML/Volume2/22Physical.htm
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A Report to the President
► Promoting Better Health for Young People Through Physical Activity and Sports: A Report to the President from the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Education November 2000 www.cdc.gov/HealthyYou
th/physicalactivity/promoting_health/introduction.htm
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Surgeon General’s Call To Action
►The Surgeon General's Call To Action To Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity January, 2001 www.surgeongeneral.g
ov/topics/obesity/default.htm
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What’s Happening Now?
Where are we going?
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What’s Happening Now?
Good Things... and Bad Things
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Leadership is Needed
Who Will Lead us?
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Organizations Affecting H&PE
►AAHPERDAmerican Alliance for Health, Physical
Education, Recreation and DanceAlliance of 6 national associations6 districts, state alliances
• Southern District AHPERD
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Organizations Affecting H&PE
►NCAAHPERDNorth Carolina Alliance for Athletics, Health,
Physical Education, Recreation and Dance
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Organizations Affecting H&PE
►NASPENational Association for Sport and
Physical Educationan AAHPERD association
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Organizations Affecting H&PE
►COPECCouncil on Physical Education for
Childrena NASPE council
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Organizations Affecting H&PE
►AAHEAmerican Association for
Health Educationan AAHPERD association
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Organizations Affecting H&PE
►American Heart Association Jump Rope for
Heart, Hoops for Heart
►PE4Lifewww.pe4life.com
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Organizations Affecting H&PE
►American Academy of Pediatrics Strong supporters of physical education
for children Published a number of policy statements
supporting quality physical education programs in schools
Health-Related Fitness programs over traditional team sports programs
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Elementary School Physical Education
Introduction
The End