elementary school level glossary · 2018. 10. 31. · geographic features/areas 地理特徵/區域...

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Glossary Elementary School Level Social Studies Glossary English | Traditional Chinese Translation of Social Studies terms based on the Coursework for Social Studies Grades 3 to 5. Updated October 2018 THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234 This glossary is to PROVIDE PERMITTED TESTING ACCOMMODATIONS of ELL/MLL students. It should also be used for INSTRUCTION during the school year. The glossary may be downloaded, printed and disseminated to educators, parents and ELLs/MLLs. Please click here for the New York State Office of Bilingual Education and World Languages Webpage on "Assessment and Testing Accommodations"

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Page 1: Elementary School Level Glossary · 2018. 10. 31. · geographic features/areas 地理特徵/區域 geographic information 地理資料、地理資訊 geography 地理 geological

Glo

ssar

y Elementary School Level

Social Studies Glossary

English | Traditional Chinese

Translation of Social Studies terms based on the Coursework for Social Studies Grades 3 to 5.

Updated October 2018

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

This glossary is to PROVIDE PERMITTED TESTING ACCOMMODATIONS of ELL/MLL students. It should also be used for INSTRUCTION during the

school year. The glossary may be downloaded, printed and disseminated to educators, parents and ELLs/MLLs.

Please click here for the New York State Office of Bilingual Education and World Languages Webpage on "Assessment and Testing Accommodations"

Page 2: Elementary School Level Glossary · 2018. 10. 31. · geographic features/areas 地理特徵/區域 geographic information 地理資料、地理資訊 geography 地理 geological

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

Education - P-16 Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary, and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education

Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Regents of the University

MERRYL H. TISCH, Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ....................................................................... New York MILTON L. COFIELD, Vice Chancellor, B.S., M.B.A., Ph.D. ......................................................... Rochester ROBERT M. BENNETT, Chancellor Emeritus, B.A., M.S. ............................................................... Tonawanda SAUL B. COHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D................................................................................................ New Rochelle JAMES C. DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. ................................................................................ Plattsburgh ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................... Syracuse GERALDINE D. CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ................................................................................. Belle Harbor HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. ........................................................................................... Hartsdale JOSEPH E. BOWMAN, JR., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D......................................................... Albany JAMES R. TALLON, JR., B.A., M.A. ............................................................................................... Binghamton ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................................ Great Neck KAREN BROOKS HOPKINS, B.A., M.F.A........................................................................................ Brooklyn CHARLES R. BENDIT, B.A. ............................................................................................................. Manhattan BETTY A. ROSA, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D..................................................... Bronx LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed. D. ..................................................................................... Oakland Gardens CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. .......................................................................................... Staten Island WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. ............................................................................................................. Rochester Interim President of the University and Commissioner of Education CAROLE F. HUXLEY Senior Deputy Commissioner of Education, P–16 JOHANNA DUNCAN-POITIER Associate Commissioner for Curriculum and Instructional Support JEAN STEVENS Coordinator, Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign language Studies PEDRO J. RUIZ Acknowledgements: The New York State Education Department Glossaries for English Language Learners were reviewed and updated during the 2008-2009 school year. We would like to thank in these efforts the New York State Education Department Language BETACs (Spanish, Asian and Haitian Bilingual Education Technical Assistance Centers), the NYS Office of Curriculum, Instruction and Instructional Technology; the New York City Department of Education Office of English Language Learners, and the NYC Department of Education Translation and Interpretation Unit.

The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including brailed, large print or audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

AA.D. 公元、西元、紀元後abilities 能力absence of government 無政府狀態absentee ballot 缺席選舉人票、缺席選票accomplishments 成就achievements 成績、成就、業績acid rain 酸雨across time and place 穿越時空action plan 行動計劃activities 活動adults 成人aerial photographs 空中攝影AFL-CIO 美國勞工聯盟及產業工會聯合會 Africa 非洲agriculture 農業Algonquians 阿爾岡昆语;阿爾岡昆人alike/different 相同/不同allegiance 忠誠;擁戴alternative solutions 替代性解決辦法altiplano 高原;阿蒂普拉諾高原altitude 高、高度;海拔amendment 修正;修正案American democracy: ideals, values/principles of 美國民主理想、價值觀/原則

American Revolution, the Americas 美國獨立戰爭、美洲Americas 新大陸ancestor 祖先;先驅Antarctic Circle 南極圈Antarctica 南極洲anthem 讚美詩;國歌appoint 指定、任命appointed leaders 被指定的領導人、被任命的領導人appointed office 被指定的職位、被任命的職務archaeologists 考古學家Arctic Circle 北極圈areas 地區、區域;範圍、領域

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

arid 乾燥的、不毛的art 藝術artifacts 工藝品;古文物assembly 装配;集會;議會assembly line 装配線authority 權威;政府機構autobiographies 自傳autobiography 自傳automobiles 汽車

availability 有效性、可利用性;可得到的東西、可得性

avenues of participation 參與途徑aztecs 阿兹特克人

BB.C. 公元前backgrounds 背景barter 實物交換、物物交換basic 基本的、基礎的basin 盆地Battle of Quebec 魁北克之戰battles 戰爭before/after 在……之前/在……之後belief 信念;信任;信仰;信條belief system 信念系統;世界觀beliefs 信念、信仰Bill of Rights 人權法案biographies 傳記biography 傳記bodies of water 水體border 邊界、邊境Boston Tea Party 波士頓傾茶事件boundary 邊界、分界線boycott 聯合抵制、杯葛branches of government 政府部門、政府機構British North America Act 英屬北美條約、英屬北美法budget 預算

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

Ccabinet 内閣cable 電纜

calendar 日曆;曆法;行事曆、日程表;議案一覽表

campaign 戰役、活動;選舉運動,(競選)宣傳Canada 加拿大Canadian Bill of Rights 加拿大權利法案canal 運河、水道capital (state and money) 首府、首都;資本capital goods 資本貨物、資本財貨capital resources 資本資源capitalism 資本主義cardinal directions 方位;經緯度cause 原因;理由;目標、事業celebrate 慶祝;舉行(宗教儀式);頌揚、讚美celebration 慶祝、紀念、慶典、頌揚celebrations 慶祝、紀念、慶典、頌揚census 人口普查Central America 中美洲century 世紀、百年change 改變、更改;變化checks and balances 制衡child labor 童工children 兒童、孩子;學童Chippewa 恰布瓦族;恰布瓦語choice 選擇choices 選擇;選擇權;被選中的人(或物)citizen 公民citizenship 公民身分、公民權;國籍civic life 市民生活、平民生活civic values 公民價值civil rights 民事權利,民權civil rights movement 民權運動civil wars 内戰civilization 文明civilizations 文明;文化

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

clans 氏族、部落;家族;幫派classroom 教室、課堂climate 氣候;氣候區clothing 衣服collect taxes 收稅colonial 殖民的colonial governments 殖民政府colonies 殖民地colonists 殖民者colony 殖民地Committees of Correspondence 通訊委員會、聯絡委員會common good 公共利益;所有人的福利commonwealth 聯邦Commonwealth of Nations 英聯邦、共和聯邦communication 通訊;溝通、交流;通信;訊息communism 共產主義communities 社區community 社區community service 社區服務compact 合同、契約compare/contrast 比較/對比compass 指南針、羅盤;周圍、境界compromise 妥協、折衷compulsory education 強制教育、義務教育computer 電腦、電子計算機confederacy 聯盟、聯邦conflict 衝突、爭執、矛盾conflict resolution 衝突的解決conflicts 衝突、爭執、矛盾congress 會議、代表大會;立法機關;美國國會conquistador 征服者;西班牙征服者consequences 後果、結果conservation 保存、保留、節約consideration 考慮;關心Constitution of the State of New York 紐約州憲法Constitution of the United States 美國憲法constitutional democracy 憲政民主

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

consumer 消費者consumers 消費者consumption 消耗、消費consumption of goods 商品、物品的消費continent 大陸、洲Continental Congress 大陸會議Continental Divide 大陸分水嶺、分界continents 大陸、洲contour 輪廓;等高線contrast 對比、對照;差異contributions 捐助;捐助物、捐助款;負擔部分cooperation 合作costs 費用、成本;代價cotton belt 美國南部產棉地帶credit 信用、信譽criteria 標準cultural characteristics 文化特徵cultural contributions 文化貢獻cultural differences 文化差異cultural diffusion 文化擴散、文化傳播cultural diversity 文化多樣性;多元文化cultural groups 文化群體culture 文化cultures - characteristics, distriubtion, complexity of

(不同)文化——(文化)特徵、(文化)分佈、(文化)複雜性

currency 流通貨幣;流通、傳播customs 風俗習慣;關稅;海關

Dday 日、天;白天;(常大寫)特定日、節日De Witt Clinton 德維特·克林頓decade 十年;十個一組decision 決定、決策、決議decision-making 決定、決策decisions 決定、決策、決議declaration 宣告、宣言;申報Declaration of Independence 獨立宣言delta 三角洲

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

democracy 民主Democratic Party 民主黨democratic principles 民主原則democratic values 民主價值觀developed nations 發達國家developing nations 發展中國家developments 發展、進展diagram 圖解;示意圖diagrams 圖解;示意圖dictatorship 獨裁政權different/same 不同/相同direction 方向、方位;指導diseases 疾病;弊病display 展示、顯示;展覽;陳列品disputes 爭議、糾紛distance 距離distribution 分佈;分配diverse 不同的、多樣的diversity 多樣性、差異性、多元化document 文件、記錄、證明due process 正當程序,法定程序Dutch colonies 荷蘭殖民地Dutch West India Company 荷屬西印度公司

Eearn 賺取、賺得;博得、贏得Earth’s surface 地球表面economic 經濟上的、經濟學的economic capital 經濟首都economic concepts 經濟概念economic decision making 經濟決策economic decisions 經濟決定、經濟決策economic development 經濟發展economic factors 經濟因素economic growth 經濟成長economic interdependence 經濟上的互相依賴economic systems 經濟體系、經濟制度economics 經濟學;經濟;經濟情況

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

economies 經濟effects 影響、結果、效果;財產、動產elect 選舉;當選人elected leaders 經選舉產生的領導人elected office 通過選舉而擔任的職位election 選舉Ellis Island 愛麗絲島 emigrants 移民(移往別國)empathy 同情心;移情作用employee 受僱者、僱員employer 僱主、老闆encomienda system 委任制度encounter 遇上、碰上、遇到、遭遇enforce 實行、實施English colonies 英國殖民地environment 環境environmental factors 環境因素equality 平等equality of opportunity 機會均等era 時代、時期eras 時代、時期ethnic 種族、民族ethnic group 同種同文化之民族;族裔ethnicity 種族;種族地位;種族特點Europe 歐洲European encounter and exchanges-of technologies, plants, animals, diseases

歐洲人與美洲人的遭逢和交換——在技術、植物、動物和疾病方面

events 事件、活動exchange 交換;兌換executive 執行的;執行者executive branch of government 政府的行政部門expansion 擴展、擴張exploitation 開拓;剝削exploration 探索、探險、考察explorers 探索者、探險者、考察者exports 出口品、輸出品

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

Ffacilities 設施fact/opinion 事實/觀點factors of production 生産要素factory 工廠、工場family 家庭;全家人far/near 遠/近

federal 聯邦的;(常大寫)美國聯邦政府的;(大寫)北部聯盟的

federal government 聯邦政府festival 節日、節慶、歡宴festivals 節日、節慶、歡宴flag 旗幟;國旗folktale 民間故事folktales 民間故事food 食品、食物forced relocation 強制性搬遷;強制疏散foreign policy 外交政策foreign relations 外交關係、對外關係Fort Orange 奧蘭治堡foundation 基礎、基本原則;創辦、建立;基金會free enterprise 自由企業(制度)free trade 自由貿易freedom 自由French Canadians 法裔加拿大人French colonies 法國殖民地frontier 邊界、邊境、邊疆functions of government 政府職能fundamental economic questions 基本的經濟問題;根本的經濟問題fundamental values 基本價值觀;重要價值觀future 將來、未來

Ggame 遊戲;比賽gender 性別、性generation 世代、代geographic characteristics 地理特徵geographic factors 地理因素

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

geographic features 地理特色geographic features/areas 地理特徵/區域geographic information 地理資料、地理資訊geography 地理geological processes 地質過程、地質作用global warming 全球變溫、全球暖化globe 球;地球儀;地球globes 地球儀goods and services - production, distribution, exchange, consumption of 商品和服務——其生産、分配、交換、消費goods 商品govern 管理、統治governance 統治權;統治、管理government 政府、政體Great Depression 經濟大蕭條時期grid 格、陣Gross Domestic Product 國内生産總值、本地生産總值Gross National Product 國民生産總值groups 群體;團體;小組growth 成長、增長Gulf Stream (墨西哥)灣流

Hhabitat 棲息地;產地Haudenosaunee 豪德诺索尼(易洛魁人的自稱)health 健康hemisphere (地球的)半球historic events 歷史事件historical 歷史的historical evidence 歷史事實、歷史證據historical narratives 歷史故事history 歷史Holidays ( Columbus Day, Election Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, New Years Day, Dr. Martin Luther King Day, Presidents Day, Memorial Day, Flag Day)

假日、節日(哥倫布日、選舉日、退伍軍人節、感恩節、元旦、馬丁路德金日、總統日、國殤日、國旗日)

home 家、家庭hopes 希望

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

House of Representatives 衆議院human 人的、人類的;有人性的human capital 人力資本human migration 人口流動human migrations 人口流動human resources 人力資源human rights 人權human settlements 人類定居點human systems 人力系統

Iideals of American democracy 美國民主的理想ideas 思想;概念identity 身分immigrants (移入的)移民immigration 外來移民;移居important 重要的imports 進口商品、進口物inaugurated confederation 就職的聯盟Incas 印加人income 所得;收益;收入indentured servant 契約奴工independence 獨立indigenous peoples 原住民、土著individual 個人的、個體的;單獨的individual rights 個人權利individual rights to life, liberty, pursuit of happiness. 生活、自由、追求幸福的個人權利

individuals 個人industrial expansion 工業發展、工業擴張industrial growth 工業發展、工業成長industrial growth/expansion 工業增長/擴張Industrial Revolution 工業革命industrialization 工業化、產業化industry 工業、產業inhabitants 居民、居住者interdependence 相互依存關係interdependent 相互依存

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

international organizations 國際組織interpret law 解釋法律interpret laws 解釋法律interpretations 解釋、釋義 Inuits 因紐特人invention 發明、創造inventions 發明Iroquois 易洛魁人Iroquois Confederacy 易洛魁聯盟irrigation 灌溉issues 事務、問題isthmus 地峽

Jjudgments 判斷、判定、裁決judicial 司法的judicial branch of government 政府的司法部門judicial branch 司法部門junta 軍人集團;私黨jury 陪審團jury service 擔當陪審員justice 公正、公平、司法

Kkindergarten 幼稚園

Llabor 勞工、勞動、勞力labor force 勞動力labor movement 勞工運動labor union 工會land formations 陸地地層、地形land masses 地塊、陸塊languages 語言Latin America 拉丁美洲latitude 緯度、緯線laws 法律laws/rules 法律/規定leaders 領袖、領導者

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

League of Nations 國際聯盟learn 學習、學會legal 法律的、合法的legends 傳説、傳奇legislative branch 立法部門legislative branch of government 政府的立法部門legislature 立法機關;(美國的)州議會liberty 自由library 圖書館library resources 圖書館資源life 生命;生活lifestyle 生活方式like/dislike 喜好/厭惡limited 限制的、受限的、有限的limited resources 有限的資源limited/unlimited 有限的/無限的local 地方的、本地的local government 地方政府local region 局部地區location 場所、地點;定位lock 鎖定、封鎖locomotive 火車頭;移動的long ago 很久以前longhouse 長屋(一種民居)longitude 經度、經線

loyalist 美國獨立戰爭時的親英分子;反獨立者;保皇黨

loyalty 忠誠、忠實M

maize 玉米、玉蜀黍majority rule 多數裁定原則;多數統治,少數服從多數make laws 制定法律manor 領地、莊園manufacture 製造;產品;製造業manufacturing 製造的maps 地圖markets 市場

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

mass starvation 大規模飢荒Mayas 瑪雅人;瑪雅語Mayflower Compact 五月花公約megalopolis 大城市;都會區member 成員memorials 紀念物;請願書;紀念堂merchant 商人;商業的meridians 頂點;子午線、經線midwest 美國中西部migration 移居;遷移migration/immigration 遷移/移民millennia 千年(millennium的複數)millennium 千年mining 採礦、開採minority rights, respect for 尊重少數人的權利;尊重少數族群的權利minutemen 民兵Mississippi River 密西西比河modernization 現代化modify 修改、改變monarchy 君主制、君主政權money 金錢months 月、月份monument 紀念碑、紀念物monuments 紀念碑、紀念物motives 動機、目的movement of people and goods 人口和商品的流動multicultural 多元文化的myself 我自己、我本人

myths 神話;虛構的人或物;沒有事實根據的觀點

N

NAFTA 北美自由貿易協定nation 國家national 國家的、全國的national level of governments 國家級的政府nation-state 由一個民族組成的國家;民族國家Native American Indian 土著美洲印第安人

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

Native American Indians 土著美洲印第安人natural resources 自然資源near/far 近/遠needs 需求、需要neighborhood 臨近地區;近鄰、街坊neutral 中立的、中性的New Amsterdam 新阿姆斯特丹(即今紐約市)New Netherlands 新荷蘭northwest passage 西北水道、西北航道now 現在、目前nuclear family 小家庭、核心家庭

OOAS 美洲國家組織objects 物體;目標、目的oceans 海洋oligarchy 寡頭政治opportunity cost 機會成本

oral history (訪問當事人所得來的)口述歷史;口述歷史的筆錄或是錄音帶

others 其餘的人(或物)P

parallel 平行parallels 平行線、平行面;類似的人(或事物)parent 家長、父母Parliament 議會(英國的立法機關)participatory skills 參與能力past 過去的;過去、昔日past/present 過去/現在patriot 愛國者patriotism 愛國主義patriotisms 愛國主義patriots 愛國者patroon (荷蘭殖民時代)有領土特權的地主people 人民、國民person 人perspectives 看法、觀點;洞察力;遠景、展望Peter Stuyvesant 比特·史岱文森

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

petition 請願;訴狀physical 物質的、身體的、自然的physical characteristics 體質特徵、外形特徵physical environment 物質環境、物理環境physical feature 物理特徵、身體特徵physical features 物理特徵、身體特徵physical map 自然地圖、實體地圖;物理映像physical setting 物理環境physical systems 物理系統、物力體系places 地方、地點;地區plan 計劃、規劃pledge 保證、抵押;誓約Pledge of Allegiance 保證忠誠、對國旗效忠誓言points of view 觀點、看法political 政治的political boundaries 政治分界political map 政區地圖political party 政黨political power 政權political systems 政治體制、政治體系pollution 污染;污染物population 人口;總體population density 人口密度population distribution 人口分佈population movement - rural to urban to suburban - 20th century

人口流動——從農村到城市到郊區——20世紀

power 權力、政權practices 工作、業務;練習、學習;常規、慣例prairies 草原Preamble to the Constitution 憲法序言present 當前、現在、現任;禮物;呈現president 總統;主席Prime Meridian 格林威治子午線、本初子午線、0度經線Prime Minister 首相principles of democracy 民主原則problem solving 問題的解決problems 問題、難題

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

producers 生産商、生産者production 產品、產量、生産過程productivity 生産力products 產品profit 利潤projects 方案、計劃;工程;項目property 財產、物產、地產;所有權protect 保護、防護protests 抗議;斷言、聲明province 省、地方、領域public benefit 公共福利public education 公立教育purpose of government 執政目的、目標pursuit of happiness 追求幸福

Qquantities 數量;大量

Rrace 人種、種族;比賽、賽跑、競賽radios 無線電;收音機railroad 鐵路rain forest 雨林raw material 原材料reason 原因、理由;推理receipts 收益;收據recycling 回收;回收利用reference books 參考書reform 改革、革新region 地區、行政區域regions 地區、行政領域relationships 關係

relief (physical) map 立體模型(實體)地圖、有等高線的(實體)地圖

religion 宗教religious 宗教的renewable resource 再生性資源repeal 撤銷、廢除representation 代表、代理;表示、表現;圖畫、圖像

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

representative 衆議員;代表representatives 衆議員;代表republic 共和國、共和政體Republican Party 共和黨reservation 保留;保留地、印第安人保留區resources 資源respect 尊敬、尊重responsibilities 責任revolution 革命、變革Richard Nicholls 理查德·尼科爾斯rights 權利Robert Fulton 富爾頓(蒸汽船的發明者)role 角色;職責roles 角色;職責roles of citizens 公民的職責roots of American culture 美國文化的根基、來源rules 規則、規定rural 農村的、鄉下的rural to urban to suburban migration 從農村到城市再到郊區的遷移

Ssachem (北美洲印第安人的)酋长safeguarding individual liberties 維護個人的自由safety 安全same/different 相同/不同satellite-produced images 衛星圖像、衛星成像satisfy 使……滿足、使……滿意scale 比例尺;比例scarce resources 稀少的資源scarcity 缺乏、稀有school 學校;上學,學業;學院、研究所science and technology 科學和技術scientific/technological exchanges and connections 科學/技術交流和聯繫

seaways 海上航道;公海secondary source (歷史研究之)第二手資料、論著security 安全;防護self 自身、自我;本質

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

selling 出售、銷售、推銷Senate of the United States 美國參議院

separatists 分離主義者;從英國國教中分列出的分離派

services 服務;服務性事業;公共設施;禮拜式settle 安放、安頓;解決;使定居、殖民於settlement 定居、殖民;殖民地、開拓地;協議settlements 殖民地、開拓地settler 定居者、殖民者shape 形狀;形成shelter 避難所;躲避;保護similarities/differences 相似之處/不同之處slave 奴隸、奴工slave trade 販賣奴隸slavery 奴隸制度;奴隸身分social 社會的;社交的social/cultural changes and connections 社會/文化交流和聯繫socialism 社會主義societies 社會;社團society 社會;協會、社團solutions 解決;解決辦法、解決方案solving problems 解決問題songs 歌曲Sons of Liberty 自由之子(美國殖民時期的秘密結社)South America 南美洲Spanish colonies 西班牙殖民地spatial organization 空間組織speeches 演説、演講、講話standard of living 生活標準、生活水平stars and stripes 星條旗state 州state government 州政府Statue of Liberty 自由女神像steamboat 蒸汽船steamboats 蒸汽船stock market 股票市場stories 故事、傳聞;小説;報道

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

strategy 策略、行動計劃strengths 長處、優勢strike 罷工student rights 學生權利suburban 郊區的suburbs 郊區subways 地鐵suffrage 投票;投票權、選舉權supply and demand 供給和需求;供求關係Supreme Court 高法院surplus 剩餘、盈餘;過剩symbolize 象徵;代表symbols 象徵;符號systems 體制、系統

Ttables 表、目錄tariff 關稅tax 稅taxes 稅賦、稅款teach 教書、指導、講授teacher 教師technological 技術的、科技的technologies - exchanges of 技術——其交流 technology 技術telegraph 電報television 電視tenant farmer 佃農、佃戶themes 主題;題目;作文then/now 以往、那時/現在、目前time 時間;時光time zones 時區timeline 時間表;編年today 今天;如今tolerance 容忍、寬容tomorrow 明天;未來tools 工具、用具、手段towpath 拉船路、縴道

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

trade 貿易、交易、商業、行業traditions 傳統;慣例traffic lights 交通燈trains 火車、列車traitor 背叛者transmit 傳送、傳達transportation 交通transportation revolution 交通運輸革命treaty 條約trends 趨勢tribe 部落tributaries 附庸國、進貢國;支流Tropic of Capricorn 南回歸線Tropic of Cancer 北回歸線trucks 卡車truth 事實、真理、真相tundra 苔原、凍土層turning points 轉折點turnpike 公路;收費高速公路

Uunify 統一、使……統一;聯合、使……聯合unions 聯合、協會;工會unique 獨特的、唯一的、獨一無二的unite 使……聯合、使……混合;聯合、團結United Nations 聯合國United States of America 美國、美利堅合衆國unlimited 無限的、無條件的、不受限制的unlimited needs and wants 無限制的需求和需要up/down 向上/向下urban 城市的urbanization 城市化uses of geography 地理的用途

Vvalues 價值veteran 老兵;退伍軍人;經驗豐富者veto 否決、否決權

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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary

ENGLISH CHINESE (Traditional Version)

village 村子、村莊;村民vote 投票;選票voting 選舉;投票

Wwampum (印第安人的)貝殼串珠wants 欲求、需要品、必需品war 戰爭war strategy 戰爭策略;戰略water masses 水體weaknesses 弱點;缺點;軟弱week 星期;周Western Hemisphere 西半球

westward expansion (美國十九世紀的)西進擴張運動、西部開發

wigwam (美洲印第安人的)棚屋、圓錐形小屋work 工作;勞作worker 工人;工作者world bank 世界銀行world in spatial terms 空間結構、世界地理觀writings 著作、文學作品

Yyear 年、年份yesterday 昨天; 近、近來;往昔

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