element elements and compounds lithium and sodium structure of atom compounds a compound is a...
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![Page 1: Element Elements and Compounds Lithium and Sodium Structure of Atom Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649edb5503460f94bea80e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ElementElements and Compounds Lithium and SodiumStructure of Atom
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Objectives:
Occurrence, extraction, properties and Uses of Lithium.
Occurrence, extraction, properties and Uses of Sodium.
The s-Block Elements
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ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumThe s-Block Elements
Lithium
Lithium is the first member of the alkali metal family. It is the least dense of all metals.
Diagonal Relationship and IrregularityLithium and Sodium
![Page 3: Element Elements and Compounds Lithium and Sodium Structure of Atom Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649edb5503460f94bea80e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements
Occurrence of Lithium
The abundance of lithium in the Earth's crust is estimated to be about 0.005 percent.
Lithium and Sodium
The most common ores of lithium are spodumene, lepidolite and amblygonite. Lithium is also obtained from saltwater.
![Page 4: Element Elements and Compounds Lithium and Sodium Structure of Atom Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649edb5503460f94bea80e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of Atom
1) Conversion of Lithium into Lithium chloride 2) Electrolysis of Lithium chloride
The s-Block Elements
Extraction of Lithium
Lithium and Sodium
• The ore is heated at 1373 K to convert into less dense form. It is then washed with sulphuric acid at 523 K and leached with water to give lithium sulphate monohvdrate (Li2SO4.H2O).
• It is then treated with sodium carbonate solution and HCI, which gives insoluble lithium carbonate and finally lithium chloride.
The extraction of Lithium from its minerals involves two steps:
Conversion of Lithium into Lithium chloride:
![Page 5: Element Elements and Compounds Lithium and Sodium Structure of Atom Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649edb5503460f94bea80e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements
Extraction of Lithium
Lithium and Sodium
Dry lithium chloride is fused with potassium chloride in the ratio of 55: 45 respectively. The process takes place in the electrolytic cell. Potassium chloride is added to lower the temperature and to increase the conductivity of Lithium chloride.
Electrolysis of Lithium chloride :
![Page 6: Element Elements and Compounds Lithium and Sodium Structure of Atom Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649edb5503460f94bea80e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of Atom
Properties of Lithium
The s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium
Lithium is a very soft, silvery metal.
Being smallest in the size of the elements of group-I the values of its melting point, boiling point and ionization enthalpy are the highest.
![Page 7: Element Elements and Compounds Lithium and Sodium Structure of Atom Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649edb5503460f94bea80e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of Atom
Lithium is used as an alloying agent, in synthesizing organic compounds, and is added to glasses and ceramics.
The s-Block Elements
Uses of Lithium
Lithium and Sodium
Its high electrochemical potential makes it useful for battery anodes.
Lithium greases are used in military, industrial, automotive, aircraft, and marine applications.
It is used as reducing agent.
![Page 8: Element Elements and Compounds Lithium and Sodium Structure of Atom Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649edb5503460f94bea80e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements
Sodium
It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals.
Lithium and Sodium
![Page 9: Element Elements and Compounds Lithium and Sodium Structure of Atom Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649edb5503460f94bea80e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium
Occurrence of Sodium
Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth's crust.
Sodium metal, being very reactive, is not available free in and exists in numerous minerals such as rock salt, chilie salt petre and borax.
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ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium
Extraction of Sodium
The industrial production of sodium is carried out via Down cell by electrolysis of sodium chloride melted at 1123 K.
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ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium
Physical Properties of Sodium
Freshly exposed, sodium has a bright, silvery luster that rapidly tarnishes, forming a white coating of sodium
hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
![Page 12: Element Elements and Compounds Lithium and Sodium Structure of Atom Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649edb5503460f94bea80e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium
Chemical Properties of Sodium
Reactivity towards dioxygen
Reactivity towards water
Reactivity towards dihydrogen
Reactivity towards halogen
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ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals
Compounds
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.
Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.
Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil PetroleumStructure of AtomThe s-Block Elements Lithium and Sodium
Uses of Sodium
Sodium used as reducing agent, as liquid coolant in atomic reactor, as vapour in sodium light and in dyes industry.