elemen struktur baja-i.overview
DESCRIPTION
elemen bajaTRANSCRIPT
ELEMENTS OF STEEL STRUCTUREAniendhita Rizki Amalia, ST. MT.
ELEMENT OF STEEL STRUCTURE Mechanical properties of steel material and LRFD
Tension Member
Compression Member
Beam member
Beam column
Connection – Bolt
Connection – Weld
Time periode : 18 weeks
MID
Books and Code Struktur Baja I – Marwan, Isdarmanu, Soewardojo
Structural Steel Design – Jack C Mc. Cormac
Structural Steel Design and Behavior – Salmon & Johnson
SNI 03-1729-2002
PPIUG 1983 atau R/SNI 03-1727-xx / ASCE 7-05
Tabel Profil Morrisco, Tabel profil khusus, Tabel profil pasaran, Tabel baut
Harus punya dan selalu dibawa saat kuliah !
IntroductionSteel Structures Design and Behavior
Charles G. Salmon & John E. Johnson
Structural Design Structural design may be defined as a mixture of art and science,
combining the experienced engineer’s intuitive feeling for the behavior of the structure with a sound knowledge of the principles of statics, dynamics, mechanics of materials and structural analysis, to produce a safe economical structure.
Principles of Design Certain criteria that must be established to evaluate whether or not
an optimum has been achieved, typical criteria may be :
1. Minimum cost
2. Minimum weight
3. Minimum construction time
4. Minimum labor
5. Minimum cost of manufacture of owner’s product
6. Maximum efficiency of operation to owner
Design Procedure
Functional design1. Adequate working areas and
clearances
2. Proper ventilation and/or air conditioning
3. Adequate transporation facilities, such as elevators, stairways and cranes or material handling equipment
4. Adequate lighting
5. Aesthetics
Structural Framework Design1. Selection of the arrangement
and sizes of structural element so that service loads may be safely carried, and displacement are within acceptable limits.
Design ProcedureGeneral Planning
Preliminary Structural
Configuration
Loading
Preliminary member selection
Analysis
OK
NOT
OK
Final Design
Chapter I - OverviewSteel Structures Design – Jack Mc Cormac
Struktur Baja I – Marwan, Isdarmanu, Soewardojo
Steel as Construction Material
BRIDGE – Blue Water Bridge (St. Claire US – Canada)http://www.midweststeel.com/projects/steel-bridge-structural-steel-contractor.html
ELECTRICAL TRANMISSION TOWER – PLN PURBALINGGAhttp://id.geoview.info/gardu_induk_pln_purbalingga,49441610p
Communication Towerhttp://nangkenne.blogspot.com/2013/02/ciri-ciri-bts-indosat-telkomsel-dan-xl.html
http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2014/10/08/092612849/Desember-Telkomsel-Operasikan-Jaringan-4G
OFFICE - Chinahttp://www.havitsteelstructure.com/steel-structure-office-buildings.html
WAREHOUSEhttp://www.tanuwedsmanu.com/manfaat-menggunakan-baja-untuk-bangunan-gudang/
HOUSE - Chinahttp://www.diytrade.com/china/pd/9606496/Light_steel_house.html
Rail Coal CrusherDokumen pribadi
Roller Coaster – The Swarn - Britain’s Thorpe Parkhttp://www.businessinsider.com.au/a-new-british-roller-coaster-is-so-extreme-that-test-dummies-returned-from-a-practice-run-without-limbs-2012-2
Foundation pilehttp://www.aeyates.co.uk/spi-appleton-ltd/services/steel-piling
STEEL RETAINING WALLhttp://www.aeyates.co.uk/spi-appleton-ltd/harbours-and-waterways-projects/rnli-berth-retaining-wall-hartlepool
Advantages of steel as structural material1. High Strength : The high strength of steel per unit
weight means that structure weights will be small.
2. Uniformity : The property of steel do not change appreciably with times.
3. Elasticity : Steel behave closer to design assumption than most material because it follows Hooke’s law
4. Permanence : Steel frame that are properly maintained will last indefinitely.
5. Ductility : The property of a material by which it can withstand extensive deformation without failure under high tensile stresses is said to be its ductility.
BAB I - OVERVIEW
Advantages of steel as structural material5. Fracture Toughness : the ability of steel absorb
energy in large amounts.
6. Addition to Existing Structure: steel structure are quite well suited to having additions made to them
7. Speed of erection
8. Ability to be rolled into a wide variety of sizes and shapes
9. Possible reuse after a structure is dissambled
10. Scrap value even though not reusable in its existing form
BAB I - OVERVIEW
Disadvantages of steel as structural material1. Maintenance cost : Most steels are susceptible to
corrosion when freely exposed to air and water then must therefore to be periodically painted.
2. Fireproofing cost : Although structural members are incombustible, their strength is tremendously reduced at temperature commonly reached in fires.
3. Susceptibility to Buckling: The longer and slenderer the compression members, the greater and danger of buckling
4. Fatigue: when the tension is involved under a large number variation of cycle tensile stress
BAB I - OVERVIEW
Objectives of the Structural Designer“As a structural designer we learn to control and to balance every part of structure and make them easy and fast to assemble, strength enough and cheap” To get the objectives, we need to be supported
with knowledges about:
1. Fabrication level
2. Standar shapes and dimension of steel frame
3. Transportation ability
4. Erection ability
BAB I - OVERVIEW
Safety Factor : Why do we need it? Deviation from material strength that were calculated.
Deviation will be greater if there are influence from: creep, corrosion and yielding.
Deviation from assumption in calculation Unpredictable load Fabrication and assemble process that cause high :
bent, hammered, sheared, punched, welded Live load assumption based on technology
development Assumption of live load and dead load Variation shapes or dimension of frame
BAB I - OVERVIEW
Safety Factor : What to look forward? Type of load: fix or temporary load. Building function: Public or personal use. Function an element as a primary or secondary
structure.
BAB I - OVERVIEW
Construction Failures Construction failures usually happen because of less of
attention in : connection detail, deflection, foundation and its deformation.
BAB I - OVERVIEW
Stress - Strain Relationship
BAB I - OVERVIEW
Steel Material Properties
BAB I - OVERVIEW
Mechanical properties of structural steel:
Elastic Modulus : E = 200.000 MPa
Shear Modulus : G = 80.000 MPa
Poisson Ratio : ν = 0,3
Jenis Baja Tegangan putus
minimum, fu (MPa)
Tegangan leleh
minimum, fu (MPa)
Peregangan minimum (%)
BJ 34 340 210 22
BJ 37 370 240 20
BJ 41 410 250 18
BJ 50 500 290 16
BJ 55 550 410 13
Steel Material Properties
BAB I - OVERVIEW
ASTM CODE Fy Fu
A36
A529
A441
A572
A242
A588
A852
A514
A53
A500
A992
A913
SPESIFICATION AND CODE The important thing to remember about spesifications, therefore, is
that they are not written for the purpose of restricting engineers but for the purpose of protecting the public.
Example of specification: ASTM, JIS, SNI
Example of code: AISC, ASCE, UBC, SNI
LOAD Dead Load : loads of constant magnitude that remain in one position.
Live Load : loads that may change in position and magnitude.
1. Area loads (due to people or machine)
2. Snow /Ice
3. Rain
4. Traffic
5. Impact load
6. Lateral load : Wind & Earth quake
7. Longitudinal loads: brakes load
8. Other life loads: soil pressures, static pressures, uplift pressures, blast loads, thermal forces
LOAD COMBINATIONUltimate Load Combination
Strength
Sesuaikan dengan SNI yang ada, pada SNI 03-1729-2002 (Baja) ada pada pasal 6.2.2
Service Load Combination
Deflection
1 Dead Load + 1 Live Load
Dimana lendutannya dibatasi sesuai dengan pasal 6.4.3
Calculation Method – Elastic Method
BAB I - OVERVIEW
(ASD – Allowable Stress Design) (WSD – Working Stress Design)
Due to allowable working load that is designed, working stress have to be less than allowable stress.
SF (Safety Factor) = 1,50SFy
Calculation Method – Plastic Method (Collapse Design)
BAB I - OVERVIEW
Formed by : Ductile behavior of steel means that there are reserve strength over the elastic strength .
Design working load will be multiplied by load factor and will be designed based on collapse strength.
Calculation Method – LRFD (Load And Resistance Factor Design)
BAB I - OVERVIEW
Ultimate load (load x load factor) have to be less or equal than ultimate strength structure.
Based on Limit State Condition.
nii RQ