elektrik makinaları 1 - bülent ecevit Üniversitesi trafolar

8/10/2019 Elektrik Makinalar 1 - Blent Ecevit niversitesi Trafolar

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]YKF\DOYEK]Y@CYC`catrja cfcrhjsjfjf cf fce`j zc``ja`crjfmcf ijrj mc rctj`mjj ycrmcf oa uzka i`nc`crcao`kylk tkfkijècsjmjr.Iu tkekff vcrje`j ijr caj`mc ykp`kijècsj jjf, ncrj`jejf yctcrjakmkr yasca oèks ncrcajr.C`catrja cfcrhjsj ij`jfmjj njij moru kae vc k`tcrfktjd kae ca`jfmc rctj`jr.K`tcrfktjd kae`

c`catrja cfcrhjsjfjf ncrj`jej trkfsdorektr`cr ykrmey`k yasc`tj`jp mr`cij`mjjfmcf,cfcrhjfjf k`tcrfktjd kae`k tkfeks fcejfj aoruekatkmr.\kftrk``crmc k`tcrfktr`cr (ncfcrktr`cr) ykrmey`k rctj`cf c`catrja cfcrhjsjfjf ncrj`jej oayasca mcj`mjr.(2,=


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-\krnmurue`krfk nrc1k)Zk`tè skrn`(Forek` jaj skrn`)i)Oto trkdo`kr7-\outulu ljfsjfc nrc1k)Gkvk j`c soutu`kf`kr (Auru trkfsdorektr`cr)i)Zk j`c soutu`kf`krl)\u j`c soutu`kf`kr

:-Au``kf` kek`krfk nrc1k)N trkdo`kri)` trkdo`kr (Kae vc Ncrj`je trkdo`kr)l) cjt`j kynt, ekajfk vi. ycr`crmc au``kf`kf trkdo`kr (Ktc`cec, akyfka, tc`cvjzyof vcrkmyo mcvrc`crjfmc au``kf`kf`kr, ncrj`je rcn`ktr`crjfmc,moru`tek mcvrc`crjfmc,otoektjaauekfmk mcvrc`crjfmc, fcof `keik`krmk, aoruek mcvrc`crjfmc, nvcf`ja trkfsdorektr`crj vi.ycr`crmc au``kf`kf trkfsdorektr`crnjij.)

]YKF\DOYEK]Y@CYF ZKRJ\J TC K@JEK RYCF\R@CY]rkfsdorektr`cr gkfnj kek jjf au``kf`rskau``kf`sfprcfsjp ikaefmkf mkjek kyfmr`krvc ncfc` o`krka ijrijrjfc vc toprkk akr jzo`c cmjèj jaj skrn j`c iu skrn`kr tkykf mcejrcajrmcatcf oùur`kr.Sykr`kf skrnyk prjecrskrnvc mjcrjfc mc scaofmcr skrn mcfjr.]rkfsdorektrf yasc`tjlj vcyk k`k`tl oèksfk nrc prjecrjf ncrj`jej scaofmcrmcf aavcyk iya o`kij`jr.Ncrj`jej aa o`kf skrnyk k`ka ncrj`je skrns,ncrj`jej iya o`kfskrnyk yasca ncrj`je skrns mcfjr.Rrjecr skrn, k`k`tl trkfsdorektrmc jflc acsjt`j, oa spjr`j o`krka skr`r. Zasc`tjlj trkfsdorektrmcak`f acsjt`j, kz spjr`j o`krka skr`r.

\caofmcr skrn, k`k`tl trkfsdorektrmc ak`f acsjt`j, kz spjr`j o`krka skr`r. Zasc`tjljtrkfsdorektrmc jflc acsjt`j, oa spjr`j o`krka skr`r.


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]rkfsdorektrf uluzk ek` oèks jjf vc mkèk auvvct jznj`crjfj ncrcasjz ycrciytececa kekl j`c k`t ncrj`je skrns oufùa`k j asek vc mcejr cajrmcc oa ykafo`krka ycr`ctjrj`jr. st ncrj`je skrns jsc m tkrkdtkmr. Rrjecr vc scaofmcr skrn`krff

ijrijr`crjy`c c`catrjasc` ijr ik`kfts yoatur. Kflka zc` o`krka ykp`kf ototrkfsdorektr`crjfmc gcr jaj skrn c`catrjasc` o`krka ijrijr`crjy`c ik`kft`mr.

]rkfsdorektr`crjf prjecr skrn`kr uynuf ijr ncrj`jemcaj k`tcrfktjd kae mcvrcsjfcik`kfmfmk scaofmcr skrn`krfmkf mcjja mccrmc dkakt kyf drcakfstk ikak ijr k`tcrfktjdncrj`je k`fr.]rkfsdorektr1 skrn`krf ijrjsjfmcf nccf ijr k`tcrfktjd kae sjstcejfj, c`catroekfyctjacfmasjyof ctajsjy`c,mjcr skrnsfmk kyf drcakfs`dkakt dkra` jmmct vc ncrj`jemc ikak ijrk`tcrfktjd kae sjstcejfc mftrcf stktja ijr c`catrja ekajfcsjmjr.Ijr j`ctacfmc cea jfma`cfcijècsj jjf o j`ctacfjf skijt ijr ekfyctja k`kf jjfmc gkrcactcttjrjècsj vcyk mcjcf ijr ekfyctja k`kf jjfmc iuùfmuruèks ncrcajr.Ekfyctja fvcmc skrn`krf iuùfmuu asek kyka`kr (iklka`kr),kyka`kr ijr`ctjrcf k`t vc st

pkrk`krk jsc ioyufmurua km vcrj`jr.Rrjecr ncrj`jej scaofmcr ncrj`jejfmcf iyasc iu tjp trkfsdorektr`crc mrl (k`k`tl)

trkfsdorektr`cr, prjecr ncrj`jej scaofmcr ncrj`jejfmcf aasc iu tjp trkfsdorektr`crcyasc`tjlj trkfsdorektr`crmcfjr.

]rkfsdorektr`crjf ncfc` prcfsjp ceks

]rkfsdorektrf prjecr skrn`krfk k`tcrfktjd ijr ncrj`je uynu`kfmfmk,iu skrn mcjacfijr ekfyctja k`kf oùturur. Iu k`kf, zcrjfmc scaofmcr skrnff mk iuùfmuu ekfyctjamcejr fvc zcrjfmcf mcvrcsjfj tkeke`kr. Rrjecrc uynu`kfkf k`tcrfktjd ncrj`jejf zkekfk

ik` o`krka gcr kf yf vc jmmctj mcjtjjfmcf,oùturmuu ekfyctja k`kffmk gcr kf yf vcjmmctj mcjjr. Iu k`kff scaofmcr skrny acsecsjy`c iu skrn`krmk k`tcrfktjd ijr ncrj`jejfma`cfjr. fma`cfcf iu ncrj`je, scaofmcr skre skys, prjecrmc uykr`p scaofmcr skrnjjfmcf nccf ekfyctja kaff ekasjeue mccrj vc gcr jaj skrny akvrkykf k`tcrfktjd k`kffdrcakfsfk ik`mr.Nr`m njij prjecr vc scaofmcr skrn`krff ijrijr`crjy`c c`catrjasc` gjijr ik`kft`kroèkm gk`mc scaofmcr skrn`krmk ekfyctja jfmasjyof yoùy`k ijr ncrj`je oùeutur.]rkfsdorektrf prjecr skrn`krfk moru ncrj`je uynu`kfmfmk,mcejr fvc zcrjfmc yjfc

ijr ekfyctja k`kf oùur. Kflka iu skijt ijr ekfyctja k`kfmr. Iu k`kff yf vc jmmctjmcjecmjjfmcf scaofmcr skrn`krfmk ijr cea jfma`cfecsj sz aofusu o`kekz. fa


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cfmasjyof aurk``krfk nrc,mccrj mcjcf ekfyctja k`kf`kr tkrkdfmkf ctaj`cfcf skrn`krmkcfmasjyof ncrj`je`crj oùkij`jr. Moru kaef vcrj`jj vc acsj`jj srksfmk scaofmcrmccfmasjyof ncrj`je`crj nr`cij`jr. Kflka ekfyctja k`kff mcjjej srca`j oèkmfmkf,trkfsdorektr`cr moru kaemk au``kf`kekz`kr.

EKFZC]A MCTYC NCYC@CY TC XC@@A@CY]rkfsdorektr`crjf ekfyctja mcejr fvc`crj,ijrcr yz`crj yk`tè jflc zc` sk`krf st stcaofuùp jyjlc satrèk`kr j`c oùturuùr.\k`krf ijrcr yz`crj fvc jjfmc oùkf DSAOAKZJR@KYJFJkzk`teka kekly`k à,lj`k, vcrfja, akt njij yk`takf`kr`k akp`kfr.Au``kf`kf zc` sk`krmk %


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K`ka ncrj`je skrns gcecf mcejr cajrmca zcrjfc, yasca ncrj`je skrns jsc k`ka ncrj`jeskrnsff stfc ycr`ctjrj`jr. Iu toprka potkfsjyc`jfmcaj cajrmcatcf skrn`kr mkgk ao`kyjzo`c cteca jjfmjr.kyct k`t vc st ncrj`je skrn`krff itf skre`kr ijr iklka zcrjfc ycr`ctjrj`scymj,skresky`kr kyf dkakt skre uzufùu dkz`k oùrmu vc ikar ejatkr ijrkz krtkr mo`kysy`k ikar

akyp`kr mk krtkrm.Iu fcmcf`c k`ka vc yasca ncrj`je skrn`kr,gcr jaj iklkk ykr ykrykskr`p scrj ik`keka surctjy`c ikar uzufùu ask tutuèu oùr. \krn`krf aoftro`ffao`ky oèks cajrmca tjpj trkfsdorektrf stfà`crjfmcfmjr.

9-EKF]C@ ]R FTC8Ekfyctja mcvrc, skrn`kr auktklka caj`mc ykpètr.

K`t vc st ncrj`je skrn`kr ortk iklkk ycr`ctjrjèjtjr. Ortk cajrmcatc uykr`kf auvvctjznj`crj mcvrc`crjfj mtkaj jaj kyka zcrjfmcf tkeke`kr. Ortk iklkf mcejr yoù asko`muufmkf eafkts`kfek kae aatr. Iu fcmcf`c c`catrofja mcvrc`crmc iu tjptrkfsdorektr`cr au``kf`r.

K`ka ncrj`je`j, aa n` trkfsdorektr`crmc au``kf`kf ekftc` tjpj fvc,iya n`trkfsdorektr`crmc mc au``kf`r.Iu fvc tjpjfjf skrn`kr ecakfja ikaemkf m ctaj`crc akrmkgk jyj aoruykf ijr ca`j vkrmr.


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k)Fvcfjf (+) ca`jfmc st nrf i)Ortk kykk skr`kf skrn`krf acsjt`crjMkè Fvc tjp`j trkfsdorektr

Mkè fvc`j trkfsdorektr`crmc akka ka`kr cf aa mccrmc o`muufmkf io kèkkae oa kzmr.Iy`clc j ncrj`je me`crj mc kzkètr.\krn`krf skr`m ortk kykfka youfùu mjcr kykatkaj`crmcf dkz`kmr. fa iu kykf acsjtj, mjcr mrt kyka

acsjtjfmcf mkgk iyatr. Iu murue akyp`kr krttrekz, iufk akrà ortk`kek skreuzufùu a`clcj jjf, j ncrj`je me mc kzk`r. Iu tjp fvcmc soutek mkgk zorykp`kijècatcmjr.G tjpj trkfsdorektr`crjf zc` ijr ykpe ca`j mkgk vkrmr.Iu tjptc skrn`krf cvrcsjfc spjrk`ca`jfmc \j`jsyueù ijr crjt salk ik`kfr. Ekfyctja mcvrcfjf uzufùu ask, acsjtj

iyatr. Ka akyi kz o`kf iu tjp fvcmc mcejr akyi mk kzmr. Iu tjp fvcsj o`kftrkfsdorektr`crc \RYKAOYC ]R ]YKF\DOYEK]Y@CY mcfjr.

\pjrk` fvc`j (\pjrkaorc) trkfsdorektr

\pjrk` fvc`j trkfsdorektr`crmc ek`zcec akyi, zc``ja`c skl akyi cf k`t mzcycjfmjrjèjtjr. Fvcmc gkvk krk` oèkmfmkf rcàtkfs mk aatr. Iu murue akkaka`krf, mo`kysy`k mcejr akyp`krff kz oèksf sk`kr. Ncfc` o`krka iu tjptrkfsdorektr`cr aa n`crmc ykp`r`kr.

]YKF\DOYEK]Y@CYF MF]YEC OYKF@KYJIjr trkfsdorektrf prjecr skrn`krfk k`tcrfktjd ijr ncrj`je uynu`kmfmk scaofmcrskrn`krfk ijr ya ik`kfeksk mkprjecr skrn`krfmkf oa aa ijr io kèk kae (J2)nccr. Iu kaef oùturmuu mcjacf ka, scaofmcr skrn`krf acscrca iu skrn`krmkk`tcrfktjd ijr c.e.a jfma`cr. fma`cfcf iu c.e.ajf drcakfs, prjecr skrnyk uynu`kfkf

ncrj`jejf drcakfsfk cjttjr.


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]rkfsdorektr iotkaj kaeff oùturmuu ekfyctja kaff scaofmcr skrn`krfacstjj vciotkaj fvc akyp`krff sdr o`muu vkrsky`kf trkfsdorektrc MCK@]YKF\DOYEK]Y mcfjr. mck` trkfsdorektr`crmc scaofmcr skrn`kr acscf auvvctjznj`crjfjf tkeke, prjecr skrn`krf mk acscr. Iu muruemk trkfsdorektrf gcr jajskrnsff gcr ijr skrefmk kyf mccrmc ncrj`je jfma`cfjr. Iufk, gcr jaj skrnff spjr ikfk

jfma`cfcf ncrj`je`crj kyfmr mjycij`jrjz. Rrjecr vc scaofmcr skrn`krmk jfma`cfcf iuncrj`je`cr kyf kas tkrkdfmkf oùturu`muufmkf krk`krfmk ijr dkz dkra yoatur. Zkfj

prjecr vc scaofmcr mcvrcmc cfmasjyof yoù j`c oùkf ncrj`je`cr kyf dkzmkmr.]rkfsdorektrf prjecr skrnsfmk oùkf C; c.e.a.j @cfz akfufufk nrc, acfmjsjfjoùturkfS;ncrj`jejfc tcrs yfmc oùp, yka`ka o`krka cjt mccrmcmjr.Ncrcatc C;c.e.a.jS;ncrj`jejfmcf %;-9j akmkr aatr.]rkfsdorektrf gcr jaj skrnsfmk spjr ikfk jfma`cfcf ncrj`je`cr kyf o`muufmkf prjecrvc scaofmcr mcvrc c.e. a`crjfjf ijrijrjfc orkf, spjr sky`krfforkffk cjtykz`kij`jr.

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ca`jfmcykz`kij`jr.Ijr trkfsdorektrf mftrec orkf ij`jfjrsc,prjecr vc scaofmcr ncrj`je`crj, spjr sky`krvc kae`kr gcskp`kfkij`jr.

YFCA8 Ijr trkfsdorektrf mftrec orkf 3, scaofmcr ncrj`jej ;;2 T tur. Rrjecrncrj`jejfj iuùfuz.

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YFCA8 Ijr dkz` trkfsdorektrf prjecr skrn`krfmk 322 spjr iuùfekatkmr. Iutrkfsdorektrf prjecrjfc 992T uynu`kfmfmk scaofmcrmc;;2 T oaufekatkmr.k)Mftrec orkff,i)\caofmcr spjr skysf,l)\pjr ikfk jfma`cfcf ncrj`jej iuùfuz

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YFCA8 Rrjecr ncrj`jej 992 T, scaofmcr ncrj`jej 33 T o`kf ijr trkfsdorektrf prjecrskrn`krfmkf =K kae ncecatcmjr.Iu trkfsdorektrmc spjr ikfk jfma`cfcf ncrj`je 2,3T/sp o`muufk nrc1k) \caofmcr kae,i)Rrjecr vc scaofmcr spjr sky`krf iuùfuz

S; 5 992 TS9 5 33 T

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YFCA8 92222 T/=22 T,;42 aTKà ijr trkfsdorektrmc prjecr vc scaofmcr kae`krfiuùfuz.

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]YKF\DOYEK]Y@CYMC CFMA@CFCF NCY@EF GC\KR@KFEK\J@cfz Akfufufk nrc ijr j`ctacfmc jfma`cfcf c.e.a,skfjycmc acsj`cf auvvct jznjsj skysy`k

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Acsec gz fc akmkr dkz`k vc acsj`cf auvvct jznjsj fc akmkr oask jfma`cfcf c.e.a mc oakmkr iya oùr. ]rkfsdorektrf prjecrjfc k`tcrfktjd ijr ncrj`je uynu`kmfmk iu kae


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mcjcf ijr k`tcrfktjd k`kf oùturur.Mcjacf ekfyctja k`kff ; Gz`ja (; Rcrjyotùa) srcjjfmcajmcjjej, kyfcf uynu`kfkf ncrj`jejf mcjjejfc icfzcr.

Ekfyctja Kaef Mcjje Crjsj

; Gz`ja srcfjf ;/=fmc ekfyctja k`kf cf iya mccrjfj k`r. Iufk nrc ]/= zkekfmk

ekfyctja ka mk ekx mccrjfj k`r. ]/= src jjfmc ijr j`ctacfmc jfma`cfcf c.e.ajf vo`to`krka ortk`kek mccrj1

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5 \ofuluf vo`t o`krka aeks jjf au``kf`kf ijr aktsky. \kfjycmc ;27 auvvct jznjsjacscf j`ctacfmc ;Tùa ncrj`je jfma`cfjr.Iu cjt`ja ijr spjr jjfmjr. ]rkfsdorektrf prjecrjfmc F spjr o`muufk nrc1Cort 5 =.d.ekx.F;.;2

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Kae vc ncrj`jejf ortk`kek mccrj j`c ctajf( cddcatjd ) mccrj krksfmk1Ccdd 5 ;,;;.Cort j`jajsj vkrmr.Iufk nrc cjt`jjf ctajf mccrj1Ccdd 5 ;,;;.=.d.ekx.F;.;2

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Ccdd 5 =,==.d.ekx.F.;2-7(T)

Rrjecr vc scaofmcr skrn`krmk trkfsdoreksyof yoù j`c jfma`cfcf cea`crj ykzklka oùrska1C; 5 =,==.d. ekx.F;.;2

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C9 5 =,==.d. ekx.F9.;2-7

c`mc cmj`jr.Drcakfs vc ekfyctja ka gcr jaj skrnmk mk skijttjr.

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Ncrj`je`cr krksfmkaj orkf, skre sky`kr krksfmkaj orkfk cjttjr vc iu orkfk mftrecorkf mcfjr.S; 5 Rrjecrc uynu`kfkf ncrj`je (T)

S95 \caofmcrmcf k`fkf ncrj`je (T)F; 5 Rrjecr spjr skys


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F95 \caofmcr spjr skysJ;5 Rrjecr kae (K)J9 5 \caofmcr kae (K)k, a 5 Mftrec orkf -u\ 5 \pjr ikfk mcf ncrj`je (To`t/\pjr)

d 5 Drcakfs (Gz) 5 Ekfyctja ka EA\K (^cicr), LN\ (Ekxwc``)

ekx 5 Iekx. \f(ekxwc``)Iekx 5 Ekfyctja cfmasjyof (vcyk ka) youfùu(nkuss)\f 5 Ekfyctja fvc acsjtj (le)Ijr trkfsdorektrf spjr skysf iu`kijèca jjf,mftrec orkffmkf dkymk`kf`m njij,jfma`cfcf c.e.a dore`fmcf mc dkymk`kf`kij`jr.]rkfsdorektrf prjecr vcyk scaofmcr kfek ncrj`je`crj ic``j o`muufmk,prjecr vc scaofmcrspjr sky`kr ijr mcfcy ykrmey`k yka`ka o`krka iuùfkij`jr. Iufuf jjf trkfsdorektrfvcsjfjf uynuf ijr ycrjfc ijrak spjr skr`p u`krfk ijr vo`tectrc ik`kfr.]rkfsdorektrf

prjecr vc scaofmcr skrn`kr kfek ncrj`jejfc ik`kfkrka vo`tectrcmcf jfma`cfcf ncrj`jeoaufur. Oaufkf iu ncrj`je mccrj,skr`kf spjr skysfk i`fcrca spjr ikfk vo`t iuùfeu

oùr. Mkgk sofrk F; 5su

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iuùfur.

YFCA8 992 T/;;2 Tùa ijr trkfsdorektrf uynuf ijr ycrjfc ;2 spjr`ja ijr skrnycr`ctjrj`jp,prjecr skrn`kr kfek ncrj`jejfc ik`kfetr.Rrjecrc 992 T uynu`kfmfmk ;2spjr`ja skrn u`krfk ik`kfkf T9vo`tectrcsjfmcf 92 T oaufeutur. Rrjecr vc scaofmcr spjrsky`krf iuùfuz.S; 5 992 T

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]rkfsdorektr fvcsj zcrjfc ijrak spjr skr`krka ykp`kf mcfcy, prjecr vcyk scaofmcrskrn`krfmkf ijrak spjr sa`crca mc ykp`kij`jr. Iu mcdk kzk`kf ncrj`je, sa`cf spjr

skysfk i`fcrca spjr ikfk vo`t mccrj iuùfkij`jr.


12/47

;9

EKFZC]A IYE@CYEkfyctja ka ijrjej,ykfj ijr auvvct jznjsj LN\ c`catroekfyctja ijrje sjstcejfmc ekxwc`ò`krka k`fkij`clcj njij, EA\ prktja ijrje sjstcejfmc wcicr vcyk vo`tskfjyc o`krka mkk`fkij`jr.; wcicr (vo`tskfjyc) 5;27ekxwc``

Ekfyctja ka ycrjfc ekfyctja ka youfùuvcyk cfmasjyof youfùu (I) mk au``kf`r.Iu,ijrje yzcymcaj ekfyctja ka oùp,ijrjej EA\ sjstcejfmc wcicr/e vcyk vo`tskfjyc/e,LN\ sjstcejfmc nkuss (ekxwc``/le) mur.; Nkuss 5 ; wcicr/e.;2-= 5 ; ]cs`k/;2=; Nkuss 5 ; wcicr/le.;2-7 5 ekxwc``/le; ]cs`k 5 ;2=Nkuss 5 ; wi/e5 ; Tsf/e; wcicr/e5 ; vo`tskfjyc/eI 5;~ ;,> wi/e ykmk ;2222 ~ 92222 nkuss

YFCA8 Ekfyctja fvc acsjtj ;2x;2 le o`kf ijr dkz` ijr trkfsdorektrf prjecrj 32 Gz vc;922 Tùa ijr ncrj`jec ik`kfetr. Fvcyj oùturkf sk`krf ekfyctja cfmasjyof

youfùu ;9222 nkuss,mftrec orkf ;2 o`muufk nrc1k)\caofmcr ncrj`jejfj vc spjr skysf,i)Rrjecrjf spjr skysf gcskp`kyfz.k) \f5;2x;2 5;22 le

9

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YFCA8 932 aTK, ;;222 T/=;3 T, 32 Gz tca dkz` trkfsdorektrf scaofmcrj 72 spjrmjr.k) Rrjecr vc scaofmcr kae`krf,i)Rrjecr spjr skysf,l) Ekasjeue ekfyctja kay wcicr ijrjejy`c gcskp`kyfz.\ 5 932 aTK

S; 5 ;;222 T

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d 5 32 Gz

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13/47

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a 59

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18/47

;7

Rrjecr vc scaofmcrj kyr kykk skr`kf trkfsdorektrcrmc, io kèkmk akka ka`kr,scaofmcr skrn`kr acsecz,prjecr skrn`kr acscr. Io kèkmk akka ka, dkymk` kaff% 2,3j akmkrmr.Za` kèkmk, scaofmcr kaeff oùturmuu ekfyctja ka mk akka`krk fcmcf oùr. Rrjecr vc scaofmcr skrn`krmk oùkf akka ka`kr, prjecr vc scaofmcr kae`kry`k orkftò`krka mcjjr.; 5 ;a + 9 5 9a + ; 5 Rrjecr kaeffoùturmuu ekfyctja ka9 5 \caofmcr kaeffoùturmuu ekfyctja ka5 Kfk ka vcyk dkymk` ka;a 5 Rrjecr skrnff akka kas9a 5 \caofmcr skrnff akka kas

Rrjecr mcvrc akka ka`krtrkfsdorektrf gce io gce ya` kèksfmk,scaofmcr mcvrcakka ka`kr jsc yk`fz ya` kèksfmkf oùur`kr. Rrjecr vc scaofmcr kae`krff

oùturmua`kr akka ka`kr, dkymk` kay kzk`tta`krfmkf prjecr vc scaofmcr j ncrj`jemefc fcmcf oùr`kr vc scaofmcrjf afmk ncrj`je kzkèks nr`r. Akka ka`krfoùturmua`kr ncrj`je me`crj tke cfmatjd zc``jatc oùp kaemkf :22 j`crjmcmjr. Akkaka`kr trkfsdorektrf mcvrcsjfc scrj ik`kfe rckatkfs`kr sca`jfmc nstcrcij`jrjz.Ikz zc` trkfsdorektr`crjf akka rckatkfs`krffiya oèks jstcfjr.(Kra drf`krff nmcvrc`crjfmc au``kf`kf trd, akyfka ekajfk`krfmk au``kf`kf trd njij).Akka ka rckatkfs`krask mcvrc kae`krf kzk`tekmk vc pkrk`c` kèky ao`ky`ktrekmk ctaj`j oèkatkmr`kr.


19/47

;:

Za` trkfsdorektrf cmccr mcvrcsjfmc j ncrj`je me`crj, jmck` ijr trkfsdorektrfprjecr vc scaofmcr mcvrc`crjfc oeja mjrcf`cr j`c rckatkfs ioijf`crjfjf scrj ik`kfkrkaiuf`krf zcrjfmc ecymkfk nc`cf ncrj`je me`crj j`c nstcrjèjtjr. Rrjecr vc scaofmcrmcvrc`cr jjf Ajrlggodd Akfufufu uynu`kyklka oùrska1S; 5 -C; + SY; + SW;

S9 5 C9SY9SW9C; 5 SY; + SW;aS;C9 5 SY9 + SW9a + S9

SY; 5 J;.Y;

SY9 5 J9.Y9

SW; 5 h J;.W;a

SW9 5 h J9.W9aS; 5 Rrjecr skrn u ncrj`jejS95 \caofmcr skrn u ncrj`jejTcatr mjyknrke jzcracf S; vc S9 ncrj`je me`crjfj nz ffc k`kijèca jjfY;, Y9, W;a, W9a oeja vc rckatjd mjrcf mccr`crjfjf mcfcysc` o`krka iuùfeu oèk`krncrcajr.Y; vc Y9 mjrcf mccr`crj moru kae`k ``clca oùrsk, mccr`crmc kae yèksctajsjfmcf j`crj nc`cf hou`c akyp`kr mkgj` cmjècej o`klkatr. Iu fcmcf`c, ask mcvrcmcfcyjfmcf dkymk`kf`krka k`tcrfktjd kae mjrcf`crjfjf iuùfeks ncrcajr. aj mjrcfkrksfmkaj dkra forek` trkfsdorektr`crmc % ;- < krksfmkmr. Za csfksfmk ykp`kfè`crmcf J;, J9, S;, S9, ;, 9 mccr`crj mc iuùfkrka vcatr mjyknrke jzj`cij`jr.S;j`c J;krksfmk ; ks akmkr ijr dkz dkra vkrmr.Rrjecr kae`k kyf dkzmk o`kfJ;.Y; oejancrj`je me,sofrk prjecr kaek fkzkrkf :22 j`crjmc o`kf hJ;.W;a rckatjdncrj`je me S;ncrj`jejfmcf akr`krka C; vcatrff yf vc iya` iuùfur.Mkgksofrk yk kae ncfj jzj`crca J9kaeff yf iuùfur,iufuf jjf iotk kèk kaeff

ij`jfecsj ncrcajr.Iy`clc prjecr tkrkdtk ykp`m njij 9 ksfmkf ykrkr`kfkrka,S9 ncrj`jevcatrff yf iuùfur, J9.Y9 oeja vc h J9.W9arckatjd ncrj`je me`crj S9yc j`kvc cmj`jr

vc C9 vcatrff yf vc mccrj iuùfur. kyct C9 5 C;.(;

9

F

F) aoftro` tutuyorsk jzje

morumur.Zk mk kae ncfjfmcf scaofmcr kaeff yf tcspjt cmj`mjatcf sofrk,C9fjf mccr vc yfC;jf mccr vc yffmcf ij`jfmjjfc nrc,iu acz C9vcatr flc jzj`jr.\caofmcr skrnmkajoeja vc rckatjd ncrj`je me`crj C9mcf akr`krka S9 ncrj`jejfjf mccrj vc yf tcspjtcmj`jr.


20/47

92

Za` k`kf trkfsdorektrf vcatr mjyknrke

]rkfsdorektrf scaofmcrjfmcf nccf J9 kae j`c scaofmcr ncrj`jej S9 krksfmk 9 ksakmkr ijr dkz dkra vkrmr.Kae ncrj`jejfmcf9ks akmkr ncrjmcmjr.Rrjecrmc jfma`cfcfC;c.e.a j`c scaofmcrmc jfma`cfcfC9 c.e.ajkyf kas tkrkdfmkf oùturu`muufmkf kyfdkzmkmr`kr.Tcatr mjyknrkeff akrekeks jjf C; c.e.aj (- C;) ca`jfmc ;72

2 dkz dkraò`krka jzjèjtjr.J2io kèk kae uynu`kfkf ncrj`jejfmcf 2ks akmkr ncrjmcmjr.J;;5 Za kae fcmcfjy`cprjecrmcf nccf kaeJ2io kèk kae mjaaktc k`fekzsk J;; 5 J;o`klkfmkf J; 5 J9vc ; 5 9ykz`kij`jr.


21/47

9;

Cfmatjd ya` ijr trkfsdorektrf vcatr mjyknrke

]YKF\DOYEK]Y@CYF CMCCY MCTYC\

Mftrec orkf k 5 ; o`kf ijr trkfsdorektr iotkajk) Cmccr mcvrcsj i) Iksjt`ctjrjèj c mccr mcvrcsj

]rkfsdorektr`crmc akka ka`kr vc skrn mjrcf`crj ncrj`je me`crj oùturur`kr. Iotkk`kf ijr trkfsdorektrmc yk`fz prjecr skrn`krfmk ijr ncrj`je me sz aofusumur.\caofmcrmc ijr ya iuùfekm vc kae ncecmjj jjf ncrj`je me oèkz.]rkfsdorektr`crmc ncrj`je me oùturkf mjrcf vc rckatkfs,cmccr mcvrcmc ic`jrtj`mjjjjf mkgk ikak ncrj`je me sz aofusu oèkz.Iu fcmcf`c acsja jznj jjfc k`fkf trkfsdorektr`cr jmck` trkfsdorektr`cr o`krkamf`cij`jr. Mftrec orkf a 5; o`kf ijr trkfsdorektr c`c k`frsk C; 5 C9 5 S9

cjt`ja`crj ykz`kij`jr.


22/47

99

\caofmcrc ijr ya ik`kfmfmk,iu skrnmkf nccf kaef oùturmuu,akka ka rckatkfsj`c skrn`krf oeja mjrcfljfjf fcmcf o`muu ncrj`je me`crj mc sz aofusu o`klkatr.

Mftrec orkf k 5 ; o`kf ijr trkfsdorektrf yatcajk) Cmccr mcvrcsj i) Iksjt`ctjrjèj cmccr mcvrcsj

a5; o`muufmk prjecr vc scaofmcr kae`kr yka`ka o`krka ijrijrjfc cjt (J; J9) o`muufmkfJ 5 J; 5 J9o`krka nstcrj`cij`jr.Kyf caj`mc C; 5 C9mjr. Kflka C96 S9oùr. fa scaofmcrmcvrcmc mc akka ka vc skrn mjrcf`crjfjf oùturmua`kr ncrj`je me`crj vkrmr. ncrj`jeme`crj fcmcfjy`cmc S;6 S9mjr. (S;6 C;)]rkfsdorektrf mftrec orkf iyasc,vcatr mjyknrkef,prjecr vc scaofmcr mcvrc`crjjf kyf `cj k`krka jzeca zor oùr.rfcjf ;2222 T/393 T ncrj`je`crjfmcaj ijr k`k`tltrkfsdorektrmc mftrec orkf ;: akmkr oùp, kyf `ca`c jzj`mja`crjfmc vcatrmjyknrkefmk st ncrj`je tkrkd k`t ncrj`je tkrkdfmkf ;: mcdk mkgk iya o`klkatr. Iumuruemk gcr jaj tkrkdtk kyr `ca au``kfeka ncrcaclcatjr.kyct k`t ncrj`je skrnsff ncrj`je`cj ;,st ncrj`je skrnsff ncrj`je `cj mftrec orkf o`krka scj`clca oùrsk,vcatr

mjyknrke skfaj mftrec orkf a5;

;o`kf ijr trkfsdorektrc kjtej njij oùr.Iu yftce,

vcrj`cf ijr skre skysfmkaj skrny, mjcr ijr skre skysfk cvjreca mceca o`klkatr.Gcrgkfnj ijr skrn zcrjfmc iu j`ce ykp`kij`jr.Dkakt scaofmcr skrnyprjecr skre skysfkcvjreca, ykfj scaofmcr skrny prjecrc jfmjrnceca mkgk oa au``kf`kf ijr yftcemjr. Iujfmjrncec j`cejfc urkykf itf mccr`cr( ) jkrctj j`c nstcrj`jrcr.

C95 C9.

9

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23/47

9

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i) % Ycn 5 ;

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l) %Ycn5 ;

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38/47

:>,< :>,> :7,; :7,3

]rkfsdorektr`crjf nrfr n`crjfc nrc ortk`kek vcrje`crj

Mcejr akyp`kr iotk vc gcr cjt yatc kyf ak`eksfk rkecf,ikar akyp`kr yac nrcmcjjr.Iu fcmcf`c trkfsdorektrf vcrjej mc yac nrc mcjjr.

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9

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Ijr trkfsdorektrf vcrjej,trkfsdorektr tke yatc yk mk tke yac ykaf ya`crmc k`tzkekf iya o`ur. N trkfsdorektr`crjfmc cf iya vcrje Rlu5RDc o`muufmk nr`r.cgjr vc akskik`krmk a mkte jjf au``kf`kf trkfsdorektr`crmc RDc/Rlu52,93,akyfkatrkfsdorektr`crjfmc RDc/Rlu59 o`muufmk vcrje cf iya mccrjfmcmjr.


39/47


40/47

=2

src jjf ya`cfcf vc sofrk mcvrcmcf akf ya`crmc au``kf`r`kr.(Akyfka trkfsdorektr`crj)(RDc/Rlu 5 9)

Tcrjejf ekasjeue oèks jjf RDc5Rluoèk`mr.O gk`mc mcjacf ikarakyi,gkfnj yatcskijt mcejr akyifk cjt oùrsk,vcrje o yatc ekasjeue oùr.]rkfsdorektr`crmc vcrje jaj caj`mc iuùfur.

k)Mjrcat Ectoti) Cfmjrcat Ectot

k) MYCA] EC]O]8Iu ectot mkgk oa aa n` trkfsdorektr`crmc uynu`kfr.

Mjrcat ectot`k vcrjejfjf iuùfeks jjf trkfsdorektrf ya` kèks

\caofmcr mcvrcfjf ya sdrmkf ik`kfkrka tke yac akmkr ykvk ykvk krtr`r. Gcr yatc

wkttectrc`crmcf R9 vcR; mccr`crj k`fkrka orkf`kfr 5;

9

R

R.;22 ca`jfmc vcrje iuùfur.

YFCA8 ]rkfsdorektrf prjecrj ;3,3 a^ n cacracf, scaofmcrmcf ;3 a^ n

k`fetr. Tcrjej iuùfuz.R; 5 ;3,3 a^

R9 5 ;3 a^

5;

9

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R.;22 5

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YFCA8 Tcrjej % := o`kf ijr trkfdorektrf scaofmcrjfmcf =22 ^ caj`mjjfmc prjecrtkrkdfmkf cicacmcf caj`cf n fc akmkrmr. 5% :=R9 5 =22 ^

R; 5

9R

5 :=,2

=22

5 =93,3 ^

Iya kae vc ncrj`je`crc uynuf ` k`ctj, iya trkfsdorektr`cr jjf ya iuèka zoro`muufmkf iu ectot iya n` vcyk yasca ncrj`je`j trkfsdorektr`crmc uynu`kfekz.

i)CFMYCA] EC]O]8Iya n` trkfsdorektr`crmc uynu`kfr.Io kèk mcfcyjj`cmcejr, ask mcvrc mcfcyj j`c ikar akyp`kr iuùfur.Rta 5 R2+ RluRK 5 \.LosRT 5 RK + Rta

5taK

K

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41/47

=;

YFCA8 72^ iu`ufeutur.]rkfsdorektrf,k)Los 5; tke oeja yatc,i)Los 52,7 tke cfmatjd yatc,l)Los 52,7 (72 5 :72 ^RK 5 \.Los5


42/47

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Ijr ]rkfsdorektrf mcjja ya vc n aktsky`krfmk vcrjejfjf mcjjej

YFCA8\ 5 ;22 aTK, prjecr ncrj`jej S; 5 9922 T`ua trkfsdorektrf prjecrjF; 5 =22spjr, scaofmcrj F9 5 72 spjrmjr. Rrjecr skrn mjrcflj Y; 5 2,< , akka rckatkfs W;a 5 ;,; ,scaofmcr skrn mjrcfljY9 5 2,2; ,akka rckatkfs W9a 5 2,2


43/47

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J; 5

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a 5;

9

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m) % Ycn 592

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44/47

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S9 5 S92 .(; - % Ycn ) 5 ==2. ;(- % ;,3=) 5 ==4,>> T

YFCA8\5322 aTK, ;;222 T/=;3 Tùa trkfsdorektrf prjecr skrn mjrcfljY;5 2,=9 ,scaofmcr skrn mjrcflj Y95 2,22;: mur. Io kèkmk mcejr akyp`kr R25RDc59,: aô`muufk nrc,k) Los52,7 tke cfmatjdyatc,i) Los52,7 ykrcfmatjdyatc vcrjej iuùfuz.\5322 aTK

;;222 T/=;3 T

Y;52,=9 Y952,22;: R259,: a^

k) J; 5;

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Rlu9 5 Y9.J99 5 2,22;:.;9239 5 9>42 ^

R]lu 5 Rlu; + Rlu9 5 7>2 + 9>42 5


45/47

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46/47

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47/47

ZKYKY@KFJ@KF AKZFKA@KY8

;- C`catrja Ekajfk`kr Mcrs`crj ]rkfsdorektr`cr Rrod. Mr. Eg. ]urnut IOMSYO@S9- C`catrja Ekajfk`kr J,JJ - Rrod. Mr. Furmkf NXC@ICZO@S

elektrik makinaları 1 - bülent ecevit Üniversitesi trafolar

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