electronics materials

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ASSIGNED BY: ENGR ABDUL RAUF JAMALI

PREPARED BY: DILNAWAZ (373) SHAHNAWAZ (394) WAQAS JUNAID (375)

MAJOR AREAS

oELECTRONICS MATERIALS oELECTRONICS COMPONENTS

oELECTRONICS PRODUCTS

oAPPLICATION

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oThose materials which are used for electronics purposes are electronics materials.

oElectronic materials are materials studied and used mainly for their electrical properties.

5ELECTRONICSMATERIALS

Reference: Slideshare.com

SUPERCONDUCTORS

CONDUCTORS

SEMI-CONDUCTORS

DIELECTRICS

ELECTRONICSMATERIALS

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRONICSMATERIALS

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SUPERCONDUCTORS

A superconductor is a material that can conduct electricity or transport electrons from one atom to another with no resistance. This means no heat, sound or any other form of energy would be released from the material when it has reached "critical temperature" (Tc), or the temperature at which the material becomes superconductive.

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Reference: http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/113.web.stuff/travis/what_is.html

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY VS TEMPRATURE PLOT FOR SUPERCONDUCTOR AND NORMAL METAL

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Reference: Google images

9ELEEMENT OF THEIR CRITICAL TEMPRATURE

Reference: Google images

SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIALS

oSINGLE ELEMENTSMercury Lead

oALLOYSniobium-titaniumgermanium-niobiumNiobium-nitride

oCERAMICSYBCO magnesium diboride

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Superconductors are already used in many fields:

oElectricity

omedical applications

oElectronics

otrains

olaboratories, especially in particle accelerators, in astrophysics with the use of bolo meters, in ultrasensitive magnetic detectors called SQUIDs.

osuperconducting coils to produce very strong magnetic fields.

PRODUCTS OF SUPERCONDUCTORS11

CONDUCTORS

A conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of electrical current in one or more directions. A wire is an electrical conductor that can carry electricity along its length.

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Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor

o Metals

oElectrolytes

oSuperconductors

o Semiconductors

o Nonmetallic conductors such as graphite and Conductive polymers.

CONDUCTOR MATERIALS

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oSwitchyards

oCollector yards

oTransmission lines

oDistribution lines

oUnderground utility systems

PRODUCTTS OF CONDUCTORS

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16Switchyard

Transmission lines Underground utility system

SEMI-CONDUCTORS

Semiconductors are those materials whose conductivities lie between conductors and insulators. They have poor conductivity than conductors and higher than insulators. Therefore, they are neither good conductors nor good insulators. When temperature of a semiconductor is increased, its resistivity decreases or conductivity increases. At higher temperature, a semiconductor conducts better. Therefore ,the semiconductors have negative temp coefficient of resistance.

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SEMI-CONDUCTOR MATERIALS

SILICON

GERMANIUM

GALLIUM ARSENIDE

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19PRODUCTS OF SEMICONDUCTORS

20SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIER

SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES

21SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSISTOR

SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS

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DIELECTRICS

A dielectric material (dielectric for short) is an electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field. When a dielectric is placed in an electric field, electric charges do not flow through the material as they do in a conductor, but only slightly shift from their average equilibrium positions causing dielectric polarization.

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric

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DIELECTRIC CAPACITOR

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DIELECTRIC MATERIALS

oAl2O3

oSiO2

oZrO2

oPorcelain

oGlass

oSome plastics

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PRODUCTS OF DIELECTRIC

Capacitors

Dielectric Resonator Oscillator

Sensor Devices

Insulation of wire & cables etc.

26COMPONENTS OF ELECTRONICS

MATERIALS

ACTIVE COMPONENTS

PASSIVE COMPONENTS

TRANSISTOR

CIRCUITS

LOGIC GATES

RESISTORS

CAPACITOR

INDUCTORS

DIODES

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ACTIVE COMPONENTS

Active components are components that can be generate amplify and even controls the current in a circuit


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TRANSISTORA transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.

29CIRCUIT

An electronic circuit is composed of individual electronic components, such as ResistorsTransistorsCapacitorsInductorsDiodes

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LOGIC GATESA logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. Most logic gates have two inputs and one output. At any given moment, every terminal is in one of the two binary conditions low (0) or high (1), represented by different voltage levels.

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PASSIVE COMPONENTSPassive components are components that do not generate voltage but controls the current in a circuit.


32RESISTOR

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to limit current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines among other uses.

33CAPACITOR

capacitors special is used to store energy; they’re like a fully charged electric battery. Caps, as we usually refer to them, have all sorts of critical applications in circuits. Common applications include local energy storage, voltage spike suppression, and complex signal filtering.

34INDUCTORS

An inductor, also called a coil or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component which resists changes in electric current passing through it. It consists of a conductor such as a wire, usually wound into a coil. When a current flows through it, energy is stored temporarily in a magnetic field in the coil

35DIODESA diode is a specialized electronic component with two electrodes called the anode and the cathode. Most diodes are made with semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium, or selenium. Diodes can be used as rectifiers, signal limiters, voltage regulators, switches, signal modulators, signal mixers, signal demodulators, and oscillators.

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THANK YOU

electronics materials

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