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THE METHOD OF E-LIT RESEARCH THE METHOD OF E-LIT RESEARCH SISWO HARSONO SISWO HARSONO

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This presentation is about electronic literary research methodology.

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Page 1: Electronic Literature

THE METHOD OF E-LIT RESEARCHTHE METHOD OF E-LIT RESEARCH

SISWO HARSONOSISWO HARSONO

Page 2: Electronic Literature

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

• The development of electronic technology.The development of electronic technology.

• The social, intellectual, and professional The social, intellectual, and professional interests of electronic literature.interests of electronic literature.

• The creations, researches, studies, and The creations, researches, studies, and teachings of electronic literature.teachings of electronic literature.

• The theory, methodology, and application The theory, methodology, and application of e-lit research.of e-lit research.

Page 3: Electronic Literature

Problems Problems

• The existence of The existence of electronic electronic literature literature needs investigating scientificallyneeds investigating scientifically..

• The scientific research needs underlying The scientific research needs underlying theory antheory andd methodology methodology relevant to the relevant to the material anmaterial andd formal formal object of object of electronicelectronic literatureliterature..

• TThe he theorytheory anandd methodology methodology e-lit research e-lit research need applyingneed applying..

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Problem formulation Problem formulation

• How How shouldshould a research on a research on electronicelectronic literatureliterature be done? be done?

• What are What are theory antheory andd methodology methodology applicable to e-lit researchapplicable to e-lit research??

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Aims of researchAims of research

• Creating a Creating a methodologicalmethodological composition of composition of e-lit researche-lit research..

• Applying the composition Applying the composition textually, textually, intertextually, contextually, hypertextually, intertextually, contextually, hypertextually, anandd cybertextually. cybertextually.

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FunctionsFunctions

• Theoretical function Theoretical function is is to develop the to develop the theory antheory andd methodology methodology of e-lit research of e-lit research..

• Practical function Practical function is is to be applied in e-lit to be applied in e-lit reasearches, studies, reasearches, studies, anand creations.d creations.

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UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHYUNDERLYING PHILOSOPHY

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• Ontology: Ontology: what is what is electronicelectronic literature?literature?

• Epistemology: Epistemology: how can we get the how can we get the knowledge of knowledge of electronicelectronic literature literature??

• Axiology: Axiology: what are the value and what are the value and fuction of fuction of electronicelectronic literature literature??

• Methodology: Methodology: how can we investigate how can we investigate electronicelectronic literature literature??

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UNDERLYING UNDERLYING ONTOLOGONTOLOGYY

• Usually, literary paradigm is only Usually, literary paradigm is only undersood as written literature, derived undersood as written literature, derived from literary concept that refers to from literary concept that refers to alphabeth.alphabeth.

• Oral literary paradigm that refers to orality Oral literary paradigm that refers to orality is not regarded as literature, but tradition.is not regarded as literature, but tradition.

• E-lit E-lit paradigmparadigm is not regarded as is not regarded as literature, but media. literature, but media.

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ONTOLOGIONTOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTCAL DEVELOPMENT

• The literary concept refers to written, The literary concept refers to written, oral, and even non-written and non-oral, and even non-written and non-oral alphabeths.oral alphabeths.

• There are three kinds of alphabeths: There are three kinds of alphabeths: written, oral, and non-written/oralwritten, oral, and non-written/oral..

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LITERARY PARADIGMLITERARY PARADIGM

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ELECTRONIC LITERATUREELECTRONIC LITERATURE

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E-LIT MEDIAE-LIT MEDIA

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AUDIO LITERATUREAUDIO LITERATURE

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AUDIOVISUAL LITERATUREAUDIOVISUAL LITERATURE

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HYPERMEDIA LITERATUREHYPERMEDIA LITERATURE

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UNDERLYINGUNDERLYING EPISTEMOLOG EPISTEMOLOGYY

• The method of getting scientific knowledge of electronic The method of getting scientific knowledge of electronic literature should be done by scientific research.literature should be done by scientific research.

• Science is an organization of knowledge which is Science is an organization of knowledge which is systematically ordered based on general rule.systematically ordered based on general rule.

• Science forms a habit and increases the skills of Science forms a habit and increases the skills of observationobservation, e, exxperimentaperimentattiionon, , cclaslasssifiificcaattiionon, anal, analyysis, sis, andand generalizationgeneralization. .

• Scientific thinking framework is the process of Scientific thinking framework is the process of logilogicco-o-hhyypotpothhetieticco-o-verificative which combines deductiveverificative which combines deductive an andd inductive reasoninginductive reasoning. .

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UNDERLYING AXIOLOGYUNDERLYING AXIOLOGY

• Underlying Underlying aksiologis aksiologis is the is the fofouundandattiion of on of valuesvalues related to the functions of e-lit related to the functions of e-lit knowledge for human beingsknowledge for human beings. .

• The functions of e-lit creations,The functions of e-lit creations, studies, studies, teachings, and teachings, and sosoccio-io-culturalcultural events.events.

• Thus, the functions of e-lit knowledge Thus, the functions of e-lit knowledge include creative, academic, and socio-include creative, academic, and socio-cultural aspectscultural aspects..

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UNDERLYING METHODOLOGYUNDERLYING METHODOLOGY

• Developing methodology Developing methodology

• Composing research methodsComposing research methods

• Research proceduresResearch procedures

• Research techniquesResearch techniques

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DEVELOPING METHODOLOGYDEVELOPING METHODOLOGY• Developing Developing metmethhodologodology by combining y by combining anandd the the

metmethhodods s anand the steps of research which is d the steps of research which is adequately applicable for e-lit researchadequately applicable for e-lit research. .

• Textually, combining Textually, combining strustrucctural-semiotitural-semioticc--ccinematiinematic methods.c methods.

• Intertextually, combining inter/intra-texts.Intertextually, combining inter/intra-texts.• Contextually, combining Contextually, combining sosocciologiiological method and cal method and

viewerviewer respon response.se.• HHyperteypertexxtualtually, combining hypertextuality and ly, combining hypertextuality and

hypertextual methods. hypertextual methods. • Cybertextually, combining cybertextuality and Cybertextually, combining cybertextuality and

user user responresponsese. .

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COMPOSITION OF METHODSCOMPOSITION OF METHODS

• MMetethhodologiodological combination and cal combination and compositioncomposition: (1) : (1) choosingchoosing material material object object of e-litof e-lit, (2) close watching, (3) , (2) close watching, (3) writing the writing the fact of storyfact of story, (4) , (4) textual analysistextual analysis, (5), (5) intertextual analysisintertextual analysis, (6) , (6) contextual contextual analysisanalysis, (7) , (7) hypertextual analysishypertextual analysis, an, andd (8) (8) cybertextual analysiscybertextual analysis..

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WORKING STEPSWORKING STEPS• Choosing material objectChoosing material object

• Close watchingClose watching

• Writing the fact of storyWriting the fact of story

• Textual analysisTextual analysis

• Intertextual analysisIntertextual analysis

• Contextual analysisContextual analysis

• Hypertextual analysisHypertextual analysis

• Cybertextual analysisCybertextual analysis

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LIBRARY RESEARCHLIBRARY RESEARCH

• Aim of library research: managing results, Aim of library research: managing results, limiting problems, avoiding duplication, providing limiting problems, avoiding duplication, providing theories.theories.

• Functions: clarifying problemsFunctions: clarifying problems, , exploring follow-exploring follow-up researchup research, , knowing the results of other similar knowing the results of other similar researchesresearches, an, andd knowing unsolved problems.knowing unsolved problems.

• Ways:Ways: reading reading literaturliteraturee, , both both tthheoreory and y and previous resultprevious result..

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UNDERLYING THEORYUNDERLYING THEORY• Textual theory is applied in intrinsic analysis on Textual theory is applied in intrinsic analysis on

the material and formal object of electronic the material and formal object of electronic literatureliterature..

• Intertextual theory is applied in the analysis of Intertextual theory is applied in the analysis of intertextual relation.intertextual relation.

• Contextual theory is applied in extrinsic analysis Contextual theory is applied in extrinsic analysis of electronic literatureof electronic literature. .

• Hypertextual theory in applied in the analysis of Hypertextual theory in applied in the analysis of intra/inter-link relation in internet.intra/inter-link relation in internet.

• Cybertextual theory is applied in the analysis of Cybertextual theory is applied in the analysis of e-lit user response in internet.e-lit user response in internet.

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TEXTUAL THEORYTEXTUAL THEORY

• NarratologyNarratology

• CinematographyCinematography

• DramaturgDramaturgyy

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NarratologyNarratology

• Greimasian narratology to analyzeGreimasian narratology to analyze sequencesequence, a, acctan, tan, plotplot, , andand t thhememe.e.

• Shklovskyan defamiliarization to analyze Shklovskyan defamiliarization to analyze the aspect of literariness.the aspect of literariness.

• Peircean semiotics to analyze symbol, icon Peircean semiotics to analyze symbol, icon and indexand index. .

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CINEMATOGRAPHYCINEMATOGRAPHY

• Cinematography to analyze cinematic Cinematography to analyze cinematic aspects of audiovisual e-lit. aspects of audiovisual e-lit.

• visual aspects include settingsvisual aspects include settings, , costumescostumes, , make-upmake-up, , lightingslightings, , actingacting, , shootings, and shootings, and editingediting..

• Aural aspects include audio-verbal, audio-Aural aspects include audio-verbal, audio-musical, and sound effectmusical, and sound effect..

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DDRAMATURGYRAMATURGY

• DramaturgDramaturgy in non-cinematic y in non-cinematic audiovisual audiovisual e-lite-lit

• DramaturgDramaturgy iny in non-cinematicnon-cinematic hypermedia hypermedia e-lite-lit

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CONTEXTUAL THEORYCONTEXTUAL THEORY

• Sociology of literature: e-lit Sociology of literature: e-lit production-consumption.production-consumption.

• Viewer response: individual, social, Viewer response: individual, social, and institutional. and institutional.

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HYPERTEXTUAL THEORYHYPERTEXTUAL THEORY

• HypertextHypertext

• HypertextualityHypertextuality

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HYPERTEXTHYPERTEXT

• HyperteHypertext is a text which has internal and xt is a text which has internal and external external linkslinks to other texts. to other texts.

• Landow: “Landow: “HypertextHypertext denotes an denotes an information medium that link verbal and information medium that link verbal and non-verbal information.”non-verbal information.”

• Mark Amerika: “I Mark Amerika: “I linklink therefore I am.” therefore I am.”

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HYPERTEXTUALITYHYPERTEXTUALITY

• According to Chandler, the transtextual types According to Chandler, the transtextual types from Gennet include from Gennet include intertextualityintertextuality, , paratextuality, architextuality, metatextuality, paratextuality, architextuality, metatextuality, hypotextuality, hypotextuality, dandan hypertextuality hypertextuality..

• Michael Riffaterre, Michael Riffaterre, ““intertextuality is the intertextuality is the complete opposite of hypertextuality because complete opposite of hypertextuality because the former builds a structured network of limits the former builds a structured network of limits that will keep the reader on track (towards the that will keep the reader on track (towards the correct interpretation), the later is a loose web correct interpretation), the later is a loose web of free association."of free association."

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CYBERTEXTUAL THEORYCYBERTEXTUAL THEORY

• Passive response: users only enjoy e-lit.Passive response: users only enjoy e-lit.

• Active response: users give comment, Active response: users give comment, criticism, or analysis. criticism, or analysis.

• Creative response: users create new e-lit Creative response: users create new e-lit creations.creations.

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Makna ResponMakna ResponImaging commutation in Imaging commutation in the level of perceptive the level of perceptive signifier, the image of Mr. signifier, the image of Mr. Bean as a comedian Bean as a comedian becomes a terrorist. becomes a terrorist. In the level of signified In the level of signified ideology, the image of Mr. ideology, the image of Mr. Bean oppositely Bean oppositely transformed with the image transformed with the image of of Bin LadenBin Laden causes a causes a comic face of comic face of humoristhumorist// terroristterrorist..

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Thank youThank you