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ElectromobilityIAV – Your Partner for Electric Motoring

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Engineering for the Entire VehicleIAV is one of the leading engineeringproviders to the automotive industry andemploys over 4,000 members of staffworldwide. Our long-standing clientsinclude virtually all automobile manufac-turers and their system suppliers. Hand inhand with them, we work on advanced solutions for powertrains, electronics andvehicle development.

Our attention at all times focuses on theentire vehicle – and not just on individualcomponents. Guided by this approach, IAVprovides vehicle manufacturers andsuppliers with independent support indevelopment activities to the point of massproduction.

Contact:

Wolfgang Reimann +49 5371 805-1144

Karsten Müller +49 5371 805-3408

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Contents

Mobility Undergoing Change 5

All Powered Up for 20 Years 6

Performance 8

Energy 11

Complexity 12

Motoring 15

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Electric car: tomorrow's meansof transport?

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Mobility UndergoingChange

W ith a changing world climate andthe growing awareness thatresources are becoming ever

scarcer, the demand for electric vehicleshas reached a new dimension. Politiciansand consumers are also demanding thedevelopment of electrically propelled carsagainst the backdrop of rising oil prices.

What is needed in future is a vehicle that isuncompromising in terms of ecology, trav-eling range, price, safety, quality, ridecomfort and driving fun. To satisfy thesedemands, an electric vehicle must take intoaccount all of the specific properties thatcome with this drive concept. It will only bepossible to harness all the benefits of anelectric powertrain effectively by redefiningthe vehicle concept on a broad front.

New technologies are also demanding newsuppliers. These must be integrated in theautomotive industry's newly structuredvalue-adding chain and provided with theskills required to meet this exacting task.

On top of this, electromobility will necessi-tate entirely new business models in rela-tion to the familiar infrastructure. Whereas acombustion engine can quickly refuel justabout anywhere, charging stations are stillfew and far between.

Electric cars are not simply vehicles with adifferent power unit. Their widespread intro-duction on the market will lead to a dramaticchange in mobility management. Copingwith this complex change will demandstrong and competent partners. IAV candraw on decades of experience in devel-oping electric vehicles.

How can we help you?

Are you interested in our references?Approach us – we will be pleased to showyou IAV's reference projects and tell you justhow competent our staff are.

Electric power: basisfor future mobility

O ur involvement in developing elec-tric vehicles for mass productiongoes back as far as 1990. During

the years that have passed since then, wehave realized many other projects for study,concept and production vehicles with elec-tric or hybrid drives.

We can also provide our clients with manyyears of expertise in developing hybrid vehicles for mass production. In the light ofrecent developments, we are working onmore and more projects for electric vehicles.

All Powered Up for 20 Years

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What will tomorrow's car look like?IAV was involved in developing the Golf City Stromer(Golf III) as far back as 1994

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Performance

The aim is to maximize the potentialof electric powertrains

G iven their high level of efficiencyand torque, electric motors providethe ideal basis for a strong and effi-

cient powertrain. But to get this power ontothe road effectively, it takes a powertrainthat is prepared for the job in the best waypossible. In addition to transmission andpower elec tronics, this is an area where thebattery plays a key part, as it determines theperformance and traveling range of an elec-tric vehicle.

To exploit the advantages of an electricdrive concept to the full, an electric vehiclemust be developed completely fromscratch. The vehicle concept will only be asuccess if it is geared to the conditions andlimitations of the electric powertrain.

This also involves meticulous planning forall secondary power users. Energy is ascarce resource in the electric vehicle. Eachadditional power user reduces travelingrange and power output. This calls for intelli-gent concepts that are careful in their use

of the energy stored in the battery. For themto be so, the concept for the electric vehiclemust be all-embracing as early as thedesign study phase. All of the disciplinesinvolved should coordinate and optimizethis design study.

Do you need specialists with expertise inthe entire vehicle, specialists who arepassionate about developing electric vehi-cles? We can assist you from the conceptand approved prototype phase rightthrough to the start of production. Beyondthis, we are also your partner for qualityassurance and support in the field.

Have you met our specialists yet?

There is no shortage of drivingfun with electric vehicles

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Power from renewable energy sources is the basis forcarbon-neutral electric vehicles

T he battery is an elementary part of the electric drive. Its storagecapacity goes a long way to defining

the traveling range and per for mance of theelectric vehicle. The ability of modern andfuture batteries to store energy is far poorerthan that of conventional fuels. This hasdirect repercussions, also for travelingrange which is significantly shorter for electric vehicles than vehicles running oncombustion engines.

Utilizing the battery with all of its potentialdemands a deep understanding of thechemical and physical processes takingplace inside the battery cells. Extensivesimulation and testing facilities are neces-sary for optimizing battery systems withregard to their specific applications. Cell-related monitoring of battery charge deter-mines the battery's range and life. Thisrequires highly developed monitoring elec-tronics.

Battery temperature conditioning is anotherimportant aspect. The temperature windowthat batteries work in efficiently is limited.They need to be charged on a regular basis.Whether by charging station or rangeextender, the motorist expects an opti mumsupply of power. This is where ecologicalaspects play a crucial part.

EnergyA key factor in determining an electricvehicle's carbon footprint is the way inwhich power is produced. An electric carcan only reap its full potential savings ifpower is derived from re new able energies.But if power comes from coal-fired powerstations or from the classic power mix ofthe type predom inating, say, in Germany,the electric vehicle has a carbon footprintthat is no better than that of a combustionengine.

Developing batteries in this complex field oftension is a job for specialists who have notlost sight of the overall vehicle.

Have you met our batterydevelopers yet?

Electric vehicles require a change in the power mix

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D eveloping electric vehicles harborsmany challenges. The high levels ofvoltage and current automatically

occurring in an electric vehicle will not onlydemand new technologies – the method-ology underlying vehicle development willalso have to change. For instance, electricvehicles require a complex high-voltageelec trical system in addition to their elec-tronic and 12-V system.

The increasing scope of functionalitiesprovided by electrical / electronic meansand the sheer extent to which componentsare interconnected mean that the E/Earchitecture must be planned in meticulousdetail. The technology itself behind thehigh-voltage electrical system must beadapted on a broad scale to the require-ments of the automotive industry.

High voltages and currents inevitablyproduce electromagnetic fields. The elec-tromagnetic compatibility of all electricalcompo nents must be taken into considera-tion as early as the planning and conceptdefinition phase as changes later on can bevery costly. At the same time, high voltagesand currents also harbor huge potentialdanger. Comprehensive safety precautionsmust be taken to prevent a hazard, whetherin normal vehicle use or in the event of amalfunction. The functional safety of elec-tric vehicles must be an integral part of thedevel op ment process as early as the initialconcept phase to avoid corrective action.

And last but not least, everything must bebrought together to produce a well-func-tioning whole. Overall integration is thetouchstone for the work done by the devel-opers. This shows whether developmentprocesses have been intermeshed and effi-ciently coordinated from the very outset.

Time to get the concept on the road? Onestep on the way to reaching the start ofproduction is the prototype. IAV has exten-sive experience, the human resources andfacilities for constructing prototypes withhigh-voltage components.

Complexity is the order of the day for our development engineers.Have you met them yet?

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Complexity

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Electronics – indispensable in optimizingelectric vehicles

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Fleet testing is the touchstone for the workperformed by the developers

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Motoring

A n electric vehicle should be fun todrive. Knowing what a gas oline ordiesel-engine vehicle is like to drive,

the motorist has high expectations of elec-tric vehicles. This goes for driving dynamicsand traveling range just as it does for ridecomfort. Yet at the same time, old habits die hard. Although motorists want to driveon electric power, they do not want anycompromises in relation to drivability. Forthe time being, an electric vehicle will comewith limitations to traveling range.

Motorists will have to learn to live with shortdistances-to-empty. They will expect vehi-cles to save as much energy as possible. The vehicle must be able to draw on a widerange of external information, such as routeprofiles, in order to optimize fuel effi ciency.This makes communication between driverand vehicle indispensable. The HMI requiredfor this is the interface between driver andvehicle. A short distance-to-empty mustnot compromise driving comfort.

Bringing new concepts to the market willmake it essential to obtain early andadequate feedback from the motorist. Wecan provide you with the means for fleettesting with automatic data acquisition andevaluation for results that say the most, yetcost the least.

The demands on electric vehicles are mani-fold. Our engineers have their eyes set onthe entire vehicle.

Do you want to seeelectric vehicles throughthe eyes of our engineers?

IAV GmbHCarnotstrasse 110587 BerlinGERMANY

Tel. +49 30 39978-0Fax +49 30 39978-9790

www.iav.com