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SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS – TECHNOLOGIES, MATERIALS, DEVICES, NEW DEVELOPMENTS,
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND GLOBAL MARKETS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................xxxSTUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES......................................xxxCONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY.....................................xxxiFORMAT AND SCOPE.......................................................xxxiMETHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES..............xxxiiWHO SHOULD SUBSCRIBE..............................................xxxiiRELATED IRAP REPORTS................................................xxxiiiAUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS...............................................xxxiii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..............................................................xxxvSUMMARY TABLE : GLOBAL MARKET FOR SOFT
MAGNETIC MATERIALS, 2014 AND 2019................................xxxvSUMMARY FIGURE :GLOBAL SHARE OF SOFT
MAGNETIC MATERIALS MARKET SEGMENTS, 2014 AND 2019xxxvi
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW....................................................................1INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND PLAYERS.................................2INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND PLAYERS (cntd.)......................3INDUSTRY DYNAMICS..........................................................4PRICES OF SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS..............................7
TABLE 1 AVERAGE PRICES OF SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS, 2014..................................................7
GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW...............................................8
TABLE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS,
2014 AND 2019..........................................................8MARKET HIGHLIGHTS.................................................9
China..............................................................11United states..................................................11Europe............................................................12Japan..............................................................13India................................................................13Rest of the world (row)...................................14
MARKET VOLUME IN TONS.......................................15TABLE 3 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR SOFT MAGNETIC
MATERIALS, 2014-2019................................................................15TABLE 4 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR SOFT
MAGNETIC MATERIALS, 2014 AND 2019........................................................16FIGURE 1 GLOBAL SHARE OF SOFT MAGNETIC
MATERIALS MARKET SEGMENTS, 2014 AND 201917
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW................................................................18IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS19
PERMEABILITY..........................................................19COERCIVITY..............................................................20SATURATION MAGNETIZATION.................................20HYSTERESIS LOSS....................................................20DESIRABLE PROPERTIES...........................................20
MATERIALS........................................................................21MAJOR APPLICATIONS........................................................21
MOTORS AND GENERATORS....................................21
TABLE 5 SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS USED FOR MOTORS AND GENERATORS...............................22
TRANSFORMERS.......................................................23TABLE 6 SOFT MAGNETIC ALLOYS USED FOR
TRANSFORMERS..................................................24ELECTROMAGNETS AND RELAYS..............................25OTHER APPLICATIONS..............................................25
ELECTRICAL STEELS....................................................................27MATERIALS AND TYPES......................................................28
TABLE 7 ASTM LETTER CODE DESIGNATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL STEEL AND LAMINATION STEEL GRADES...............................................................29
TABLE 8 STANDARDIZATION OF AVAILABLE GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEELS (GOES) IN 2014. 30
NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEELS (NOES)...........30Semi-processed grades..................................32Fully processed grades...................................32
TABLE 9 STANDARDIZATION OF AVAILABLE NON-GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEELS-NOES IN 2014....................................................................32
TABLE 10 COMMERCIAL GRADES AND MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRICAL STEELS (NOES AND GOES) IN 2014.............................................34
PROPERTIES OF NOES AND GOES............................35TABLE 11 SELECTED MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF
NOES AND GOES.................................................35TABLE 12A MAGNETIC AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF
SELECTED CONVENTIONAL (NOES, GOES) AND HIGH-PERMEABILITY FLAT-ROLLED ELECTRICAL STEELS................................................................36
TABLE 12B MAGNETIC AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED CONVENTIONAL(NOES, GOES) AND HIGH-PERMEABILITY FLAT-ROLLED ELECTRICAL STEELS................................................................37
FABRICATION PROCESS.....................................................38NON-ORIENTED SILICON STEELS (NOES).................39GRAIN-ORIENTED SILICON STEELS (GOES)..............39TABLE 13 TYPICAL VALUES OF ELECTRICAL LOSS IN
ELECTRICAL STEEL (GOES)..................................41Manufacturing complexity of GOES................41
FIGURE 2 TYPICAL PROCESS SEQUENCE FOR PRODUCING
GRAIN-ORIENTED SILICON STEEL.............................42APPLICATIONS FOR NOES AND GOES................................42
TABLE 14 SILICON CONTENT, MASS DENSITIES, AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET AND STRIP (NOES, GOES AND HIB).............................43
MARKET SIZE.....................................................................44TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR ELECTRICAL STEEL,
2014 AND 2019...................................................45TABLE 16 AVERAGE PRICES OF ELECTRICAL STEEL,
2014 AND 2019...................................................45TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR ELECTRICAL STEEL,
2014 AND 2019...................................................46TABLE 18 ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET BY REGIONS,
2014 AND 2019...................................................46INDUSTRY STRUCTURE......................................................47NEW DEVELOPMENTS........................................................47MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS...........................................48
TABLE 19 ACQUISITIONS, MERGERS AND TIEUPS AMONG MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRICAL STEEL BETWEEN 2009 AND 2014..................................48
COMPETITION FROM OTHER STEELS.................................49
COLD-ROLLED LAMINATION STEEL..............................................50MATERIALS AND TYPES......................................................50
TABLE 20 GRADES OF COLD-ROLLED MOTOR LAMINATION STEEL..............................................51
PROPERTIES...........................................................53TABLE 21 TYPICAL MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF LOW-
CARBON STEEL STRIP.........................................53TABLE 22 TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF COLD-ROLLED LAMINATION STEEL…………………………………………………………………………….55
TABLE 23 TYPICAL MAXIMUM CORE LOSS* FOR U.S. STEEL GRADES
(WATTS PER POUND, 60 HZ AT 1.5T).......................54TABLE 24 COMMERCIAL GRADES AND
MANUFACTURERS OF COLD-ROLLED MOTOR LAMINATION STEELS IN 2014..............................55
TABLE 25 COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE THIN-GAUGE SILICON STEELS...................................................55
FABRICATION PROCESS.....................................................56APPLICATIONS...................................................................56
TABLE 26 APPLICATIONS FOR COLD-ROLLED LAMINATION STEEL..............................................56
IMPACT OF NEW EFFICIENCY REGULATIONS FOR MOTORS57WHY EFFICIENCY RAISES PRICES..............................57WHY EFFICIENCY RAISES PRICES (CNTD.)................58
MOTOR DESIGNS...............................................................59MARKET SIZE.....................................................................59
TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FOR COLD-ROLLED MOTOR LAMINATION STEEL, 2014 AND 2019......60
TABLE 28 REGIONAL MARKET DEMAND FOR COLD-ROLLED MOTOR LAMINATION STEEL...................60
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE......................................................61NEW DEVELOPMENTS........................................................61
TABLE 29 DEVELOPMENTS IN COLD-ROLLED MOTOR LAMINATION STEEL..............................................61
FERROMAGNETIC AMORPHOUS STEEL........................................63MATERIALS........................................................................63
METGLAS..................................................................63TYPES.......................................................................64
Metal-metalloid systems.................................64TABLE 30 FAMILIES OF GLASSY METALS BASED ON
CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTITUENTS. .65TABLE 31 COMPOSITION OF METGLAS™ ALLOYS(ATOMIC PERCENT)..................................................66
Metal-metal systems......................................66FABRICATION PROCESS.....................................................67
FIGURE 3 ILLUSTRATION OF THE MELT SPINNING TECHNIQUE TO PRODUCE METALLIC GLASSES....67
FIGURE 4 SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION OF PLANAR FLOW CASTING PROCESS....................................68
FIGURE 5 ALLIED'S PLANAR FLOW CASTING PROCESS TO MAKE CONTINUOUS METALLIC GLASS RIBBONS69
PROPERTIES.......................................................................70MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.......................................70
Strength..........................................................70
TABLE 32 YIELD STRENGTHS OF IRON-BASED GLASSES COMPARED WITH SOME CONVENTIONAL POLYCRYSTALLINE STEELS..................................71
Toughness......................................................71TABLE 33 TOUGHNESS (REARING ENERGY) OF SOME
METALLIC GLASSES COMPARED WITH OTHER MATERIALS..........................................................72
Hardness........................................................72TABLE 34 HARDNESS OF METALLIC GLASSES
COMPARED WITH STAINLESS STEEL....................72CHEMICAL................................................................73
Corrosion resistance.......................................73THERMAL..................................................................73ELECTRICAL..............................................................73
Resistivity.......................................................73Conductivity...................................................73
MAGNETIC................................................................73General...........................................................73Saturation magnetization...............................74Coercive force................................................74Magnetostriction.............................................74Curie temperature..........................................74
PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE METGLASTM
METALLIC GLASS......................................................74TABLE 35 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS
METALLIC GLASSES AND SOME CONVENTIONAL SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS...............................75
APPLICATIONS...................................................................76
TABLE 36 MERITS AND RELATIVE COST OF METGLAS PRODUCTS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC APPLICATIONS.....................................................77
TABLE 37 METGLAS MATERIALS AND TYPICAL APPLICATIONS.....................................................78
AMORPHOUS METAL TRANSFORMERS (AMTS).........78Distribution transformers...............................79
TABLE 38 COMPARING AMORPHOUS AND SILICON UNITS……80Power transformers........................................81Current transformers......................................82400hz transformers........................................82
OTHER APPLICATIONS..............................................82Motors.............................................................83Transducers…… …………………………………….84
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS..............................84MARKETS..................................................................84TABLE 39 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR AMORPHOUS
METGLAS STEEL, 2014 AND 2019........................................................85TABLE 40 MARKET FOR AMORPHOUS METGLAS STEEL
BY APPLICATION............................................................86
SOFT FERRITES...........................................................................87MATERIALS AND TYPES......................................................87
SHAPES AND CONFIGURATIONS...............................88TABLE 41 COMMON SHAPES AND CONFIGURATIONS
FOR SOFT FERRITES............................................89PROPERTIES.......................................................................90
TABLE 42 TYPICAL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MN-ZN AND NI-ZN SOFT FERRITES......................91
TABLE 43A TYPICAL MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MN-ZN AND
NI-ZN SOFT FERRITES..............................................92TABLE 43B TYPICAL MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
MN-ZN AND NI-ZN SOFT FERRITES.....................93TABLE 43C TYPICAL MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
MN-ZN AND NI-ZN SOFT FERRITES.....................94TABLE 44 PROPERTIES OF REPROGRAPHIC FERRITE
CORES.................................................................95FABRICATION PROCESS.....................................................95
FIGURE 6 FLOWCHART FOR STANDARD CERAMIC PROCESSING OF FERRITE COMPONENTS............96
FABRICATION PROCESS (CNTD.)........................................97FIGURE 7 TYPICAL PROCESS FLOWCHART FOR
FERRITE CARRIER CORE MATERIALS..................98APPLICATIONS...................................................................99
TABLE 45 SOFT FERRITE MAGNETIC DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS.....................................................99
NON-MICROWAVE MATERIAL....................................99TABLE 46 SOFT FERRITE APPLICATIONS.................100
Telecommunications.....................................102TABLE 47 TYPICAL COMMERCIAL FERRITES...........103
Power applications........................................103Consumer applications.................................104
MICROWAVE FERRITES...........................................104Circulator......................................................104Isolator.........................................................105Phase shifter.................................................105
NEW DEVELOPMENTS......................................................105NANOCRYSTRALLINE FERRITES..............................106
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS............................106
TABLE 48 COMMERCIAL GRADES AND MANUFACTURERS OF SOFT FERRITES, 2014.....107
GLOBAL MARKET.............................................................108TABLE 49 AVERAGE PRICES OF SOFT MAGNETIC
MATERIALS, 2014..............................................109TABLE 50 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SOFT FERRITE, 2014
AND 2019..........................................................109TABLE 51 GLOBAL MARKET VOLUME (WEIGHT) FOR
SOFT FERRITES..................................................110BY TYPE, 2014 AND 2019.......................................110TABLE 52 GLOBAL MARKET VOLUME (DOLLARS) FOR
SOFT FERRITE....................................................110BY TYPE, 2014 AND 2019.......................................110TABLE 53 GLOBAL MARKET DEMAND OF SOFT
FERRITE BY REGION,.........................................1112014-2019..............................................................111
NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS................................................................112MATERIALS AND TYPES....................................................112
HIGH NICKEL ALLOYS.............................................112LOW NICKEL ALLOYS..............................................112
PROPERTIES.....................................................................113MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.....................................113TABLE 54 SELECTED MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF
DIFFERENT NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS.............................................113TABLE 55 DC MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF
CARPENTER'S HIGH PERMEABILITY "49" ALLOY 114TABLE 56 DC AND AC MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF
CARPENTER'S HYMU 800 ALLOY...................................................115
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.......................115TABLE 57 TYPICAL HEAT TREATMENTS AND PHYSICAL
AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS..............................................................116
FABRICATION PROCESS...................................................116MELTING AND CASTING..........................................117HEAT TREATMENT..................................................117
APPLICATIONS.................................................................118TABLE 58 APPLICATIONS OF NICKEL-IRON AND IRON-
COBALT SOFT ALLOYS.......................................118TABLE 59 COMMERCIAL GRADES AND
MANUFACTURERS OF NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS IN 2014................................121
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS............................121NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN 2014.........................................122GLOBAL MARKETS...........................................................122
TABLE 60 GLOBAL MARKET BY WEIGHT FOR NICKEL-IRON
ALLOYS, 2014 AND 2019........................................123TABLE 61 GLOBAL MARKET BY VALUE FOR NICKEL
IRON ALLOYS, 2014 AND 2019......................................................123TABLE 62 GLOBAL MARKET DISTRIBUTION OF
NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS BY REGION, 2014 AND 2019.....................124
IRON POWDER CORE.................................................................125MATERIALS AND TYPES....................................................125PRODUCTION...................................................................126
FIGURE 8 PROCESS FLOW FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IRON POWDER CORE.........................................126
PROPERTIES.....................................................................126APPLICATIONS.................................................................127INDUSTRY STRUCTURE....................................................127NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN 2014.........................................128
TABLE 63 NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PURE IRON POWDER IN 2014...............................................128
COMMERCIAL GRADES.....................................................128TABLE 64 COMMERCIAL GRADES AND SUPPLIERS OF
PM MAGNETIC MATERIAL IRON POWDER IN 2014129GLOBAL MARKETS...........................................................130
TABLE 65 GLOBAL MARKET DISTRIBUTION OF POWDER IRON BY REGION, 2014 AND 2019.....131
OTHER SOFT METALLIC MAGNETIC MATERIALS........................132SILICON-IRON BAR AND HEAVY STRIP.............................132
TABLE 66 TYPICAL DC MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF IRON,
LOW-CARBON STEEL, AND SILICON-IRON BAR PRODUCTS.........................................................132
MANUFACTURING AND APPLICATIONS...................133MARKET STRUCTURE..............................................133
TABLE 67 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SILICON-IRON ………………….134
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN 2014...............................134IRON-ALUMINUM AND IRON-ALUMINUM-SILICON ALLOYS134IRON-COBALT ALLOYS.....................................................134
TYPES AND PROPERTIES........................................134TABLE 68 SELECTED MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF
DIFFERENT IRON-COBALT ALLOYS............................................135APPLICATIONS........................................................135
MARKET STRUCTURE..............................................135MARKET SIZE..........................................................136TABLE 69 GLOBAL MARKET FOR IRON-COBALT......136TABLE 70 COMMERCIAL GRADES AND SUPPLIERS OF
IRON-COBALT....................................................136SOLENOID QUALITY STAINLESS STEEL............................137
MANUFACTURING...................................................137MARKET STRUCTURE..............................................137MARKET SIZE..........................................................137TABLE 71 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SOLENOID QUALITY
STAINLESS STEEL.....................................................................137NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN 2014...............................137
OVERALL MARKET SUMMARY...........................................139TABLE 72 AVERAGE GLOBAL PRICES FOR OTHER
SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS, 2014...................139TABLE 73 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR OTHER SOFT
MAGNETIC MATERIALS.............................................................139BY WEIGHT, 2014 AND 2019..................................139TABLE 74 GLOBAL MARKET FOR OTHER SOFT
MAGNETIC MATERIALS.............................................................140BY DOLLAR VOLUME, 2014 AND 2019...................140TABLE 75 GLOBAL MARKET DISTRIBUTION OF OTHER
SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS BY REGION, 2014 AND 2019140
SOFT MAGNETIC NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOY.............................141APPLICATIONS.................................................................141MARKET SIZE AND STRUCTURE.......................................143
AMORPHOUS VERSUS NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS.........143TABLE 76 COMMERCIAL GRADES AND SUPPLIERS OF
NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS USED AS SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS
IN 2014..................................................................143NEW DEVELOPMENTS......................................................144
PATENTS...................................................................................146TABLE 77 NUMBER OF U.S. SOFT MAGNETIC
MATRIALS PATENTS, 2010 THROUGH JULY 2014.....................................146
OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS.......................................146
TABLE 78 NUMBER OF U.S. SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS PATENTS ASSIGNED BY COUNTRY/REGION FROM JANUARY 2010 THROUGH
JULY 2014...............................................................147TABLE 79 TOP U.S. SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS
PATENT ASSIGNEES, JANUARY 2010 THROUGH JULY 2014..........................................................147
FIGURE 9 TOP U.S. SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS PATENT ASSIGNEES, JANUARY 2010 THROUGH JULY 2014..........................................................148
PATENTS IN ELECTRICAL STEELS.....................................148GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET AND
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.........148TREATMENT SOLUTION FOR INSULATION COATING
FOR GRAIN ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET AND METHOD FOR
PRODUCING GRAIN ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET HAVING INSULATION COATING..............149
MANUFACTURING METHOD OF GRAIN-ORIENTED MAGNETIC
STEEL SHEET..........................................................149MANUFACTURING METHOD OF GRAIN-ORIENTED
ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET..........................................................149MANUFACTURING METHOD OF GRAIN-ORIENTED
ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET..........................................................150METHOD FOR PRODUCING GRAIN-ORIENTED SILICON
STEEL CONTAINING COPPER.............................150GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET AND
PRODUCING METHOD THEREFOR......................151METHOD OF PRODUCING GRAIN-ORIENTED
ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET.................................151METHOD OF TREATING STEEL FOR GRAIN-ORIENTED
ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET.....................................................152
GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME..............152
LOW CORE LOSS GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL PLATE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME..........................................................152
GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET HAVING HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH INSULATING FILM AND METHOD OF TREATMENT OF SUCH INSULATING FILM...................................................................153
ULTRA-HIGH MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET EXCELLENT IN IRON LOSS AT A HIGH MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY
AND FILM PROPERTIES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME......................................153
METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET HAVING A HIGH MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY..................................153
METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET WITH HIGH MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY...................................................154
GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET EXCELLENT IN
COATING ADHESION AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME..........................................................154
HIGH PERMEABILITY GRAIN ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL................................................................155
METHOD FOR PRODUCTION AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET EXCELLENT IN MAGNETIC PROPERTIES......................................................155
LOW CORE LOSS GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME.................................................................156
GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET EXTREMELY
EXCELLENT IN MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND METHOD OF
PRODUCTION OF SAME..........................................156GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET HAVING
INSULATING FILM NOT CONTAINING CHROMIUM AND INSULATING FILM AGENT
OF SAME.................................................................157
METHOD OF PRODUCING GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL
SHEET VERY EXCELLENT IN MAGNETIC PROPERTIES157GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET
SUPERIOR IN CORE LOSS CHARACTERISTIC..........................................158METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF GRAIN-ORIENTED
ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET..........................................................158GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET AND
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEET.................................158
PATENTS IN SILICON STEELS...........................................159METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HOT ROLLING A
THIN SILICON-STEEL WORKPIECE INTO SHEET STEEL................................................................159
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINE WITH DIFFERENT LAMINATION STEEL KINDS AND SPACING..........159
PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING STRIPS OF SILICON STEEL
OR MULTIPHASE STEEL..........................................160FERRIC PICKLING OF SILICON STEEL......................160METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MANUFACTURING
ELECTRICAL SILICON STEEL.......................................................161
PATENTS IN AMORPHOUS STEELS...................................161AMORPHOUS METAL CONTINUOUS FLUX PATH
TRANSFORMER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE..........................161UTILIZATION OF AMORPHOUS STEEL SHEETS IN
HONEYCOMB STRUCTURES...............................161
AMORPHOUS FE100-A-BPAMB ALLOY FOIL AND METHOD FOR ITS PREPARATION.......................162
AMORPHOUS FE AND CO BASED METALLIC FOAMS AND METHODS
OF PRODUCING THE SAME.....................................162THERMOPLASTICALLY PROCESSABLE AMORPHOUS
METALS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING SAME162NON-FERROMAGNETIC AMORPHOUS STEEL ALLOYS
CONTAINING LARGE-ATOM METALS..................163PATENT IN SOFT FERRITES..............................................163
MAGNETICALLY SOFT POWDER COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME, AND ITS USE......................................................163
APPENDIX I - SOFT FERRITE TERMINOLOGY.............................164
APPENDIX II – PROFILES OF COMPANIES PRODUCING AND SUPPLYING ELECTRICAL STEELS...........................................166
AK STEEL CORPORATION.................................................166ALLEGHENY TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED.................166…...........................................................................................…...........................................................................................THYSSENKRUPP ELECTRICAL STEEL GMBH (TKES)..........171WUHAN IRON & STEEL (GROUP) CORP. (WISCO).............171
APPENDIX III: PROFILES OF COMPANIES PRODUCING AND SUPPLYING COLD-ROLLED MOTOR LAMINATION STEELS.....172
ARCELORMITTAL..............................................................172ARNOLD MAGNETIC TECHNOLOGIES...............................172…...........................................................................................…...........................................................................................TEMPEL STEEL.................................................................174
UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION............................175
APPENDIX IV: PROFILES OF COMPANIES PRODUCING AND SUPPLYING AMORPHOUS STEELS.........................................176
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY & MATERIALS CO., LTD. (AT&M)176…...........................................................................................…...........................................................................................USHA AMORPHOUS METALS, LTD. (UAML).......................178VACUUMSCHMELZE GMBH & CO. KG...............................179
APPENDIX V: PROFILES OF COMPANIES PRODUCING AND SUPPLYING SOFT FERRITES, NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS, POWDER IRON, AND OTHER SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS.............180
ACME FERRITE.................................................................180AFT MICROWAVE GMBH...................................................181…...........................................................................................…...........................................................................................VOGT ELECTRONICS........................................................200YOUNGHWA HWA FERRITE CO., LTD...............................200
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