ElectricityElectricityBy: Mr. BrockBy: Mr. Brock

Electrical SafetyElectrical Safety

1)1) Always disconnect the circuit to be Always disconnect the circuit to be worked on before anything else and lock worked on before anything else and lock the cover to the SEP when possible.the cover to the SEP when possible.

2)2) After the circuit has been disconnected After the circuit has been disconnected test it with a circuit tester at a light switch test it with a circuit tester at a light switch or receptacle.or receptacle.

3)3) Keep your work area clean to prevent Keep your work area clean to prevent accidents.accidents.

Electrical SafetyElectrical Safety

4) Use only UL listed materials. 4) Use only UL listed materials.

5) Use GFCI if the circuit is not permanently 5) Use GFCI if the circuit is not permanently protected at the panel. protected at the panel.

Electrical ToolsElectrical Tools

ScrewdriversScrewdrivers Flat and Phillips Flat and Phillips Used to tighten Used to tighten

screwsscrews

Cable rippersCable rippers

Used to rip the cable Used to rip the cable from around the wiresfrom around the wires

Wire strippersWire strippers

Quickly removes Quickly removes insulation without insulation without damaging the wiredamaging the wire

Lineman’s PliersLineman’s Pliers

Used to bend, grip, Used to bend, grip, pull and twist the wire. pull and twist the wire.

Also used to cut the Also used to cut the wire.wire.

Needle Nose PliersNeedle Nose Pliers

Used for bending Used for bending hooks to put the wire hooks to put the wire under screws.under screws.

Channel lock pliersChannel lock pliers

Used to tighten Used to tighten locknuts and cable locknuts and cable connectorsconnectors

Fish TapeFish Tape

Used to pull or push Used to pull or push wire through conduit wire through conduit or some other hard or some other hard places.places.

Portable Drills and bitsPortable Drills and bits

Used to drill holes in Used to drill holes in studs to run wire studs to run wire through. through.

Tape measureTape measure

Used to measure Used to measure amount of wire amount of wire needed.needed.

HammerHammer

Used to nail boxes to Used to nail boxes to outlet boxes to the outlet boxes to the frameframe

Conduit BenderConduit Bender

Used to bend conduitUsed to bend conduit

Circuit TesterCircuit Tester

A tester used to test A tester used to test circuits to see if they circuits to see if they are workingare working

Wire Size and Overcurrent Wire Size and Overcurrent ProtectionProtection

For General Purpose circuits either 14 For General Purpose circuits either 14 gauge or 12 gauge with a 15 or 20 amp gauge or 12 gauge with a 15 or 20 amp breaker (or fuse)breaker (or fuse)

For a Small Appliance Circuit use 12 For a Small Appliance Circuit use 12 gauge wire with at least a 20 amp breakergauge wire with at least a 20 amp breaker

Individual Equipment requires at least 10 Individual Equipment requires at least 10 gauge wire with at least a 30 amp breakergauge wire with at least a 30 amp breaker

Circuit Protection devicesCircuit Protection devices

Single Pole circuit breaker (120)Single Pole circuit breaker (120) Double Pole circuit breaker (240)Double Pole circuit breaker (240)

Single Pole BreakerSingle Pole Breaker

Double Pole BreakerDouble Pole Breaker

FusesFuses

Blade FuseBlade Fuse Edison Base PlugEdison Base Plug Cartridge FuseCartridge Fuse Accessory FuseAccessory Fuse

Blade FuseBlade Fuse

Edison Base PlugEdison Base Plug

Cartridge FuseCartridge Fuse

Accessory FuseAccessory Fuse

Wire sizesWire sizes

AWG-American Wire GaugeAWG-American Wire Gauge The Code permits nothing smaller than The Code permits nothing smaller than

AWG #14 for ordinary house wiring. It is AWG #14 for ordinary house wiring. It is better to consider #12 the smallest, this better to consider #12 the smallest, this being required in a few places by local being required in a few places by local ordinances. ordinances.

Wire sizesWire sizes

20- very small20- very small 18- Used in most flexible cords, used to 18- Used in most flexible cords, used to

wire doorbells, chimes and thermostats etcwire doorbells, chimes and thermostats etc 16- also in flexible cords16- also in flexible cords 14- Nothing smaller than this can be used 14- Nothing smaller than this can be used

in wiring housesin wiring houses 12- most commonly used12- most commonly used 10- if #10 or smaller it is solid10- if #10 or smaller it is solid

Wire sizesWire sizes

8- can be solid or stranded8- can be solid or stranded 6- if it is #6 or larger it is stranded6- if it is #6 or larger it is stranded 44 22 1/01/0 2/02/0 3/03/0 4/0-almost a half an inch in diameter4/0-almost a half an inch in diameter

Types of CableTypes of Cable

12-2 = two #12 conductors one white, one 12-2 = two #12 conductors one white, one blackblack

12-2 WG= black and white with a ground 12-2 WG= black and white with a ground wire, ground wire is either green or barewire, ground wire is either green or bare

12-3=Three conductors black, white and 12-3=Three conductors black, white and redred

12-3 WG= black, white and red with a 12-3 WG= black, white and red with a ground wire (green or bare)ground wire (green or bare)

CableCable

Colors of Wires and their Colors of Wires and their importanceimportance

Black- indicates hot wire, electricity comes Black- indicates hot wire, electricity comes from the source on this wirefrom the source on this wire

White- indicates neutral wire, electricity White- indicates neutral wire, electricity goes back to the source on this wiregoes back to the source on this wire

Green or Bare- Indicates ground wire; Green or Bare- Indicates ground wire; purpose of the ground wire is for safetypurpose of the ground wire is for safety

Red- Indicates an extra hot wire, used for Red- Indicates an extra hot wire, used for wiring 3 way and 4 way switches and wiring 3 way and 4 way switches and clothes dryers and stovesclothes dryers and stoves

Characteristics of Cable on WiresCharacteristics of Cable on Wires

1) Type UF (Underground Feeder)- used for 1) Type UF (Underground Feeder)- used for direct burial of underground feeder wires, direct burial of underground feeder wires, such as between the house and a such as between the house and a separate utility buildingseparate utility building

2) Type USE- used for direct burial of 2) Type USE- used for direct burial of underground service entrance circuitsunderground service entrance circuits

Nonmetallic Sheathed CableNonmetallic Sheathed Cable

Type of cable that Type of cable that surrounds some surrounds some conductors and conductors and grounding wiresgrounding wires

Called Romex Called Romex which is the name which is the name of one of one manufacturermanufacturer

Wire TypesWire Types

Copper- best material for ordinary Copper- best material for ordinary purposes. Electric current flows more purposes. Electric current flows more easily through copper. Just about all wire easily through copper. Just about all wire being used now is copper. being used now is copper.

Aluminum- poor conductor- found in older Aluminum- poor conductor- found in older houses and buildings. Also used for larger houses and buildings. Also used for larger wireswires

Iron- poor conductor also- worse than Iron- poor conductor also- worse than aluminumaluminum

Types of electrical boxesTypes of electrical boxes

Junction Box- outlet box with a blank Junction Box- outlet box with a blank cover used to contain splices of a circuitcover used to contain splices of a circuit

Outlet Box-device which is used to bring Outlet Box-device which is used to bring wires into a location where a switch or wires into a location where a switch or receptacle is installedreceptacle is installed

One Gang Box holds one switch or One Gang Box holds one switch or receptaclereceptacle

Two Gang Box holds two switches or Two Gang Box holds two switches or receptaclesreceptacles