ELECTRICITY AND

MAGNETISMCHAPTER 13

Lesson 1 How does matter become charged?

What is matter?

Matter is anything that has mass.

Electric Charges

We have to start with atoms- the building blocks of life.

For example: a piece of paper is 1 million atoms thick.

Almost all atoms have 3 different particles: positive charge, negative charge, or no charge.

Most things usually have the same amount of positive and negative charges making it neutral.

Static Electricity So what happens when

the positive and negative charges are no longer equal?

Static electricity happens!

When the electricity moves it generates electrical energy, which turns into sound, light, and heat energy.

How do charged objects behave? If you have a positively charged object

and a negatively charged object they will pull towards each other. (opposites attract)

The attraction causes an electric force. An electric force is a pull or push

between objects that have a different charge.

Attraction When two objects

pull towards each other they are considered to be attracted to each other.

When two objects push against each other they repelling from each other.

An Electric Field

The space around charges objects- it is invisible, we can’t see it.

It is strongest close to the charged object.

A positive electric field attracts

________ charges and a negative

field attracts _______ charges.

Video Link

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Lesson 2How do electric charges flow?

Electric Charges Moving Static electricity

stays in one place, but most electricity is on the go!

If an electric charge is in motion it is considered an electric current.

An electric current travels quickly and invisibly.

Conductors Electricity moves through different objects at

different speeds, depending on what it is made of.

If electricity flows well through a material it is called a conductor.

Copper, most metals, and silver are great conductors of electricity.

Insulators These are materials that electricity does not

flow through very well. Some examples of insulators would be:

plastic, rubber, glass, and dry wood. Wires have insulation on the outside of them

to keep electrical charges from making contact with other wires.

Video Link

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Circuits

Electricity flows through a circuit.

There are 2 main types of circuits: series and parallel.

Series Circuit A series circuit has only ONE path that

electricity can flow through. When the power source is turned on (light

switch) the charged particles start moving in ONE direction.

For example, if you had 5 light bulbs lined up in a series circuit and you turned on the light switch, all 5 bulbs would light up the same.

If one of those bulbs burns out, the rest of the bulbs would turn off as well, because the electricity is moving in one direction.

Series Circuit Continued… Do you notice

the ONE flow of electricity?

What would happen if the 1st bulb burned out?

Parallel Circuits

This type of circuit has 2 or more paths for electricity to flow through.

The main loop in the circuit leaves from and returns to the power source, but along the loop there are little loops.

Each little loop has a separate path for the for the electric charge.

Circuits in your home, school, and big buildings are parallel.

Parallel Circuits Continued… Do you see 2 or more loops?

If one of the

bulbs burned

out, would all

of them turn

off?

Video Link

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