Electric Transportation

Cedric Daniels

03/17/2010

Outline

• Introduction• Non-Road Market• On-Road Market• Electric Transportation Research

2

INTRODUCTION33

Why Electric Transportation?

•Energy Independence

•Efficient Performance

•Environmental Flexibility

4

NON-ROAD MARKET

55

Non-Road Market

6

• Rail Yards• Seaports• Airports• Forklifts• Mining

Equipment• Dredging

Equipment• Overland

Conveyors• Truck-stop

Electrification

7

Non-Road Future

Electric Container Loader

Plug-in Hybrid Yard Tractor

Wide Span Crane

Electric Tractor Testing

Ship Cold Ironing

Electric Railways and Switchyards

ON-ROAD MARKET

88

9 07/01/2009

Battery TechnologyBattery Requirement for EV

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Battery Energy (kWh)

Ba

tte

ry P

ac

k W

eig

ht

(kg

)

EVs Now

Tesla Roadster

EVs of 90s

On-Road Market - Status

10

BEV EREV PHEV

Series Hybrid: Only electric motor drives the vehicle, no mechanical drivetrain

Parallel Hybrid: Both electric motor and mechanical drivetrain drive the vehicle

Grid e-

HEV or PHEVSaturn Vue; Toyota Prius

EREVGM Chevy Volt

EVTesla Roadster;

Dodge Zeo

Electric Vehicle: Only grid electricity charges the battery

Conventional Vehicle:Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) is the only propulsion source

Terminology and Definitions

11

Ford Escape PHEV

Tesla Roadster EV

Ford F-550 PHEV

Chevrolet Volt EREV

GM PHEV

?

Alabama Power Today

12

EVSE – Electric Vehicle Service Equipment

13

VehicleManufacturer

Year of Introduction

Battery Cell Supplier Production #2010 - 2015

General Motors 2010 LG Chem / Compact Power 442,000

Ford 2010 Saft / JCI 89,250

Chrysler 2011 A123Systems 175,000

Toyota 2010 Panasonic EV Energy 289,150

Renault / Nissan 2010 NEC 110,000

Hyundai 2013 LG Chem / Compact Power 12,500

Tesla 2009 Li-Tec, Saft 18,275

Mitsubishi 2010 GS Yuasa 61,250

Remaining Manufacturers* 2010 263,742

Total 1,461,167

Major OEM PEV Announced Production Levels for U.S.

* Remaining Manufacturers include: Volkswagen, Daimler, BMW, Think, Miles, BYD14

Forecasted U.S. PEV Market Production

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Year

Num

ber o

f Veh

icle

s

BEVs 29% PHEVs 71%

15

ET – R&D Project Update

1616

Outdoor Electric Lift Truck Demo.

• Results:–Electrics perform equally to

combustion–No weather related issues–Drivers preferred electric

17

Electrification of a Container Loader

• Project Description:– ATL airport– Retrofit of a

Container Loader

• Project Results:– Performance is

equivalent to diesel– Cost savings of 80%

18

Plug-in Hybrid Yard Tractor

• EPRI: SCE, Centerpoint Energy, NYPA, and Southern Company.

• Operation is equivalent to diesel• Objectives:

– Grid Impacts– PHEV Efficiency– Diesel vs. Hybrid– Reliability– User acceptance

19

Electric All Terrain Vehicle

• Objectives:– Environmental impact– Typical use– Gasoline vs. Electric

• Testing:– Utility Fleet– Military Applications– Other…

2020

21

QUESTIONS?