electric forces and fields pgs. 628-653
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Electric Forces and Fields Pgs. 628-653. Electric Charge. Two kinds of electric charges Positive Negative. Unlike charges attract Like charges repel. Electric charges are conserved No charge is destroyed or created In an atom: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Electric Forces and FieldsPgs. 628-653
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Electric Charge• Two kinds of electric charges– Positive – Negative
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Unlike charges attract Like charges repel
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• Electric charges are conserved– No charge is destroyed or created
• In an atom:
• Electrons are gained or lost making the atom charged – called ions
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• Electric charge is quantized– Charge occurs as discrete amounts in
nature– Charge is always a multiple of a
fundamental unit of charge– Symbol for charge is q (sometimes use e)
– SI unit for charge is the coulomb (C)
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Transfer of Electric Charge• Conductors–Materials that transfer charge freely– Ex. metals
• Insulators–Materials that do not transfer charge
easily– Ex. glass, rubber, cloth, plastic
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• Semiconductors–Materials that fall between conductors
and insulators– In their pure state – insulators–When specific atoms are added –
increased ability to conduct charge
• Superconductors– Perfect conductors when they are at or
below certain temperatures
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• Three ways to charge conductors and insulators
• 1. Charged by contact–materials must be touching to transfer
charge
• 2. Charged by induction– Induction – process of charging a
conductor by bringing it near another charged object and grounding the conductor
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• 3. Charged by polarization– Polarization – in the presence of a
charged object, the centers of charge in an insulator are realigned
– This realignment of charge allows an object with a net charge of zero to attract or repel objects
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• Charged objects exert a force on each other (Electric Force)
• The closer two charges are, the greater the force between them
• The force between two charges is proportional to the product of the two charges
• Electric force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two charges
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kC =8.99 x 109 N•m2/C2
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The electron and proton of a hydrogen atom are separated, on average, by a distance of 5.3 x 10-11 m. Find the magnitude of the electric force.
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• Electric Force is a field force• Coulomb quantified electric force
with a torsion balance