TERM 2.1Exercise 1. Match the words with their transcriptions:

1) laser a) [sʌtʃ]2) device b) [ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ]3) pace c) [ˈleɪzə(r)]4) such d) [dɪˈvaɪs]5) exciting e) [peɪs]

Exercise 2. Give the words by their transcriptions:tekˈnɒlədʒɪ, ˈlæptɒp, haɪ, brɪdʒ, tuːl, peɪs, strɒŋ, ˈdɪfrəns, kaɪnd, sɔ:, ˈjuːsfl, ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ, mæθ, ˈsaɪəns, wɜːld, əˈfekt, ɪˈfekt, sti:m, ˈdɪdʒɪtəl._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 3. Write the transcription of the following words using the dictionary:robot, saw, hammer, solve, invent, device, easy, agree, affect, effect, about, learn, high, involve, fast, exciting, knowledge, science, while, through, answer, society, advancement, acid, find, literate, tech, both.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 4. Circle a correct variant from the given ones. Pay attention to the usage of Present tenses.1. A. Nowadays people live in a “high-tech” world.

B. Nowadays people lives in a “high-tech” world.2. A. Laptops are being products of technology.

B. Laptops are products of technology.3. A. Technology involves both thinking and doing.

B. Technology has involved both thinking and doing.4. A. Most definitions of technology say that it is the use of

knowledge, tools, and resources to help people.B. Most definitions of technology are say that it is the use of knowledge, tools, and resources to help people.

5. A. Many advancements of technology deals with people and the environment.

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B. Many advancements of technology deal with people and the environment.

Exercise 5. Circle a correct variant from the given ones. Pay attention to the usage of Past tenses.1. A. Over 90 percent of all technologies we have today people

invented in the last decade.B. Over 90 percent of all technologies we have today people were invented in the last decade.

2. A. In the 1700s factories was beginning to make things.B. In the 1700s factories began to make things.

3. A. Prehistoric people have used simple tools such as clubs and axes made of stone to work on different materials.B. Prehistoric people used simple tools such as clubs and axes made of stone to work on different materials.

4. A. When some people remained hunters and gatherers, others became farmers and herders.B. When some people was remained hunters and gatherers, others became farmers and herders.

5. A. Thomas Newcomen made a steam engine.B. Thomas Newcomen had made a steam engine.

6. A. The word “laser” originated from "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation".B. The word “laser” were originated from "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation".

Exercise 6. Circle a correct variant from the given ones. Pay attention to the ways of expressing future.1. A. Navy Laser weapon systems will be ready for use soon.

B. Navy Laser weapon systems will been ready for use soon.2. A. Youth digital dependence will turn to be a negative thing.

B. Youth digital dependence will have turned to be a negative thing.

3. A. Digital books equipped with AI will easily guide students to the fascinating world of knowledge.

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B. Digital books equipped with AI will easily be guide students to the fascinating world of knowledge.

4. A. The student will has found the information about temperature controlled suits by Friday to make a presentation.B. The student will have found the information about temperature controlled suits by Friday to make a presentation.

5. A. As you learn about technology you will be designing, inventing, and making things using your creative ideas and knowledge from science, math, and other subjects.B. As you learn about technology you will designing, inventing, and making things using your creative ideas and knowledge from science, math, and other subjects.

Exercise 7. Read the sentences and underline the correct variant of the verb from the given ones.1. Technological performance is growing / are growing at an exponential rate.2. Many people think that technology started / has started in the 1700s when factories began to make things.3. Technology begin / began many thousands of years ago. 4. Prehistoric people discover / discovered uses for fire.5. People used / will use bronze to make better tools and weapons many centuries ago.6. Industry still used / uses iron today.7. The Chinese were ahead of other people in technology because they have / had gunpowder, the compass, and movable type for printing. 8. Steam was / has been first used in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen.9. Beginning about 1750 (in the Industrial Revolution) many inventions brought changes that has affected / affected all of society. 10. In earlier times, people have lived / lived in an agricultural society where they needed tools to live off the land.11. Today we will be / are in an Information Age.12. In our century such skills as finding and using information are / are being important.

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Exercise 8. Find English words in this collection of letters. Don’t replace the letters. The words are already written. You just need to find them and underline or circle.

How many words are hidden here?

TINFORMATIONLINETALLOYINCLUDESKRESEARCHIVEIN

GIZMOTSCIENCENTSOCIETYDEFINEVITABLENDESIGNOD

Exercise 9. Make up and write your own sentences using 5 of the word combinations given below:creative ideas, fast – paced, for a while, a technologically literate person, to make a decision, a decision based on facts, to change through time, tools of technology, to find out more about smth, environmental problems, acid rain.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 10. Read these question sentences, underline the subject, the predicate and circle the auxiliary verb.1. What do we call technology?

2. Does technology affect our life?

3. How does technology develop nowadays?

4. Is technology a part of our life?

5. What helps us make our life easier?

6. We cannot stop technological development, can we?

7. In what way does technology affect the environment?

8. What kind of job do you think you would like?

9. Isn’t it interesting to study how technology develops?

10. I am a technologically - minded person, aren’t I?

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Exercise 11. Choose and circle a correct question to the sentence.1. Technology has both good and bad sides.

A. What sides does technology have?B. What sides technology has?C. What sides do technology have?

2. Space exploration was a challenging problem requiring full use of our knowledge, energy, abilities and resources.

A. What was space exploration?B. What space exploration was?C. What a challenging problem was?

3. This research deals with environmental problems caused by the advancement of technology.

A. What problems do this research deal with?B. What problems does this research deal with?C. What problems this research deals with?

4. You can be more creative if you open your mind to new things.A. When you can be more creative?B. When do can you be more creative?C. When can you be more creative?

5. Learning about technology is fast – paced, exciting, challenging and fun.

A. What is fast - paced, exciting, challenging and fun?B. What is technology?C. What learning is?

Exercise 12. Put the words in the questions in the right order.1. Where/you/born/were? __________________________________2. Where/you/did/grow up? _________________________________3. What/like/did/you/doing/at school? ________________________4. What/like/were/you/as/a young child? ______________________5. When/decide/you/did/an engineer/to become? ________________6. How/parents/your/did/react? ______________________________7. What/say/when/told/did/you/they/them? _____________________8. How/you/when/old/left/were/you/home? ____________________9. What/job/first/your/at the plant/was? _______________________10.What/of/directors/working/kind/with/you/do/like?_______________________________________________________

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Exercise 13. For each of the following, first make a yes/no question. Then make an information question using where, when, how long and a subject question using who, what.

Model: They can stay there.Yes/no question: Can they stay there?Information question: Where can they stay?Subject question Who can stay there?

1 She stays there every summer. ____________________________________________________________________________________2 She is staying there. ____________________________________________________________________________________3 She will stay there for a while. ____________________________________________________________________________________4 She is going to stay there for a day or two. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5 They stayed there in January. ____________________________________________________________________________________6 They will be staying there when you come. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7 They should stay at home in such rainy weather. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8 He has stayed at her Granny’s for three months. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9 He has been at the hotel for a week. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10 John is at university. ____________________________________________________________________________________11 John will be in class very soon. __________________________________________________________________________________12 John has been to the USA. ____________________________________________________________________________________

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13 Steam was first put to use in 1712. ________________________________________________________________________________14 This technology should have been invented last century. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 14. Ask a question about the highlighted information using appropriate question words.1. We have many products of technology in our houses.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Scientists developed technology to help the society._______________________________________________________3. You live in a “high-tech” world._______________________________________________________4. People designed laptops many years ago._______________________________________________________5. They develop nanobots._______________________________________________________6. I’d like the green iPhone, please._______________________________________________________7. I like green iPhones._______________________________________________________8. Chinese workers assembled iPhones._______________________________________________________9. Chinese workers assembled iPhones._______________________________________________________10. Chinese workers assembled iPhones._______________________________________________________11. I go online at least once a week._______________________________________________________12. The journey takes about six hours from here._______________________________________________________13. Technology deals with people and the environment._______________________________________________________14. He keeps the key in that box._______________________________________________________

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15. There’s a litre of milk left._______________________________________________________Exercise 15. Suggest appropriate questions for the answers given in the exerciseModel: a The teacher. The teacher opened the door.

Who opened the door?b Opening the door. The teacher is opening the door.

What is the teacher doing?1. My friend. That letter is from my friend._______________________________________________________2. Maria. Maria wrote that letter._______________________________________________________3. My mother’s. That is my mother’s coat._______________________________________________________4. In August. Alice and John are going to get married in August._______________________________________________________5. Gray. Her eyes are gray._______________________________________________________6. Black. Her hair is black._______________________________________________________7. Herb tea. I’d like some herb tea._______________________________________________________8. Coffee. I usually drink coffee with my breakfast._______________________________________________________9. The advancements in technology. The advancements in technology made our life easier._______________________________________________________10. Ten minutes. It usually takes me two minutes to reboot the comp._______________________________________________________11. By taxi. I got to the airport by taxi._______________________________________________________12. A Five Inch Android Tablet. The boy has a five inch android tablet in his pocket._______________________________________________________13. Four. I have four brothers and sisters._______________________________________________________

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14. Florida. I grew up in Florida._______________________________________________________15. Five hours. It takes five hours to get there by plane._______________________________________________________16. Historical novels. I like to read historical novels._______________________________________________________17. Chapters 2 and 3. The test will cover Chapters 2and 3._______________________________________________________18. Because the traffic was heavy. I was late because the traffic was heavy._______________________________________________________19. For three days. She’s been sick for three days._______________________________________________________20. Twenty. I’m going to invite twenty people to my party._______________________________________________________21. This one. You should buy this camera, not that one._______________________________________________________22. Marie Curie. Marie Curie discovered radium._______________________________________________________23. Practicing asking questions. We’re practicing asking questions._______________________________________________________24. Great. Everything’s going great._______________________________________________________Exercise 16. Write questions with what1 I’ve got a new TV set. (make?) __________________2 I want a job. (kind?) ___________________3 I’ve got a new device. (colour?) __________________4 I got up early this morning. (time?) ___________________5 I like music. (type?) ___________________6 I want to buy a car. (kind?) ___________________Exercise 17. Put in what/which/who/1 _______________ is that man’s name?2 _______________ way shall we go? Left or right?3 You can have tea or coffee. _______________ do you prefer?4 “_______________ day is it today?” “Friday.”5 This is a nice house. _______________ room is yours?

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6 _______________ is your favourite sport?7 _______________ is more expensive, meat or fish?8 _______________ is older, Ann or George?9 _______________ kind of camera have you got?10 A: Mary has got three cameras.

B: _______________ camera does she use most?11 _______________ nationality are you?Exercise 18. Complete the questions with How+adjective or adverb (high/long/often/far//deep/old)1 _____________________ is Mount Everest? Nearly 9000 metres.2 _________ is it to the station? It’s about two kilometres from here.3 _______________ is Helen? She’s 26.4 _______________ do the buses run? Every ten minutes.5 _______________ is the water in the pool? Two metres.6 _______________ have you lived here? Nearly three years.Exercise 19. Write questions with How...? Add the necessary adjectives1 Are you 1 metre 70? 1.75? 1.80? ___________________________2 Is this box one kilogram? Two? Three? ______________________3 Are you 20 years old? 22? 25? _____________________________4 Did you spend £10? £15? £20? ____________________________5 Do you watch TV every day? Once a week? Never? ____________6 Is it 3 270 miles from Boston to London? 3 000? 2 000? ________Exercise 20. Write 5 different types of questions about technology. Remember the word order in questions: QUESTION WORD + AUXILIARY VERB + SUBJECT + PREDICATE?Exercise 21. Write 4 different types of questions to each sentence.

1. You live in a “high-tech” world.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. We can see that technology has many different definitions._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Technological performance is growing at an exponential rate.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. During the second part of Pre industrial Revolution people started to use the scientific method.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. We anticipate wearable technology.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The usage of clothes from animal fur helped prehistoric people to move to colder regions.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. The future technology will bring bionics into our lives.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 22. Match the statements with appropriate short answers.1. They’ve got a lovely house.2. I like going to the theatre.3. I don’t really enjoy thrillers.4. I’ve never seen such a huge car before.5. Mike didn’t do his homework.6. I paid to get into the theatre.7. They can’t speak French.8. You shouldn’t lose your temper.9. I’d love to be in Hawaii now.

10. You should save some money if you want to go to India.a) So did I.b) Neither should I.c) Neither can I.d) So should you.e)So do I.f) So have we.g) Neither do I.h) Neither have I.i) So would I.j) Neither did Tony.

Exercise 23. Fill the spaces with appropriate auxiliary verbs.Model: A: She hasn’t finished painting her house yet.

B: Hasn’t she?1 A: I haven’t got a computer yet.B: __________ you?2 A: I __________ lend you my bike, if you want.B: Can you? Thanks.3 A: You shouldn’t download more than three of those files a day.B: __________ I?4 A: We __________ have to be going home now.B: Will we?5 A: I’d rather stay at home tonight.B: __________ you?6 A: We could have done more to help him.B: __________ we?7 A: You don’t have to invite them again.B: __________ we?8 A: They won’t be able to visit this Christmas.B: __________ they?9 A: She ought to apologise.B: __________ she?

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10 A: I’m afraid she hasn’t got a clue.B: __________ she?Exercise 24. Add tag questions.1 They want to come, _______________2 Elizabeth is a technician, _______________3 They won’t be there, _______________4 You’ll be there, _______________5 There aren’t any problems, _______________6 That’s your device, _______________7 George is a student, _______________8 He’s learned a lot in the last couple of years, _______________9 Larry has a mountain bicycle, _______________10 Monkeys can’t swim, _______________11 Tina will help us later, _______________12 Peggy would like to come with us to the party, _______________13 Those aren’t Tony’s books, _______________14 You’ve never been to Paris, _______________15 There is something wrong with Jane today, _______________16 Everyone can learn how to use this software, _______________17 Nobody cheated on the exam, _______________18 Nothing went wrong while I was gone, _______________19 I am invited, _______________20 This grammar is easy, _______________Exercise 25. Fill the spaces with correct tags.1 Your dad does the cooking, __________ ?Yours never does the housework, __________ ?2 There’s not much we can do about it, __________ ?3 It’s a beautiful day, __________ ?Yes. Let’s go for a walk, __________ ?4 You’ve got a bicycle, __________ ?Yes. You no longer have yours, __________ ?5 You weren’t cheating in the test, __________ ?No, I’d never cheat, __________ ?6 You don’t know his secret, __________ ?7 You could take up tennis, __________ ?8 You’d rather carry on with volleyball, __________ ?

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9 She lost her temper, __________ ?10 Yes, but she shouldn’t have, __________ ?Exercise 26. Refer each word to a certain part of speech (Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb). Pay attention to the suffixes:

producer, farm, farmer, real, really, creative, combine, combination,

define, definition, environment, society, use, useful, advancement,

scientific, difference, technologically.

Exercise 27. Complete the table with missing parts of speech.NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB123

to produce

1 challenger21234

creative

12

scientifically

definitelyreally

12 technology

Exercise 28. Complete the sentences with appropriate words derived from those on the list: innovations, problematic, environmental, scientific, nature.

Technology can include not only material objects, but also ways of doing things: systems, methods and techniques. It’s an activity that changes the . But the problem is that many technological advancements cause by-products which are not

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always wanted such as the depletion of resources, transformation of social values and ethics etc. It also challenges the humanity. The best think hard to solve the arising problems for the good of our society.

Sometimes it may seem that the more advancements we have, the more arise to be solved. Anyway the progress can’t be stopped. Although and research advance the world, there are a lot of challenges to cope with. Many of them require the world to unite and everyone to be responsible. Perhaps it is you who can make a difference.Exercise 29. Identify the part of speech to which each of the following word belongs and tick adjectives out of the given words:

bridge, technological, easy, funny, help, good, bad, math, make, fast,

life, environmental, add, unbelievable, interesting, strong, different,

kind, useful, dangerous, need.

Exercise 30. Identify the degrees of comparison of below adjectives: positive (P), comparative (C) or superlative (S):larger , better , the most important , many , bigger , more often , the simplest , largest , more , less , the highest , harder , most , the farthest , further , the least , easy , the most recent , more important , good , the most isolated , best , simpler , more useful , hot , cheaper , the narrowest , clever , cheaper , more exciting , the most challenging , little , worse , far , the youngest , least , worst , stronger , elder , farther , earlier , faster , the oldest .Exercise 31. Circle the correct answer.1 You must try and get to the lesson _____ .A more early B more earlier C the earlier D earlier2 She works _____ than me.A more hard than B more hardly C much harder D much hard

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3 I use the car _____ often than I used to.A less B the less C least D lesser4 Technology is advancing as __________ as possible.A quicker B most quick C more quick D quickly5 Try to get here _____ you can.A the soon B soon as C as soon as D soonest6 You need to be _____ to achieve good results in technology.A the creative B as creative C the creativest D more creative7 Technology is changing _____ and _____ all the time.A fast, faster B faster, faster C fastest, fastest D the fastest, the fastest8 _____ definitions agree that technology is the use of knowledge and tools to help people.A Most little B Little C Much D Many9 _____ you learn about tech, _____ you can do to help people and the environment.A The more, the more B The more, the less C The most, the mostD Much, more10 The effects of technology are not _____ as many scientists think.A so bad B so worse C the worst D the badExercise 32. Fill each space with appropriate comparison structures based on the words in brackets.

Model: My wife drives more carefully than I do. (careful)1 She works ____________________________ than everyone else in the office. (efficient)2 He write articles ____________________ his son does. (bad)3 He got up ____________________ anyone else. (early)4 If you don’t eat ____________________, you’ll be sick. (slow)5 She doesn’t drive _________________________ as her husband does. (dangerous)6 I play football ________________________ than before, now that I’m employed. (often)7 She didn’t do _______________ in the test as she expected. (good)8 The scientist who researches ______________________________ than others, will win first prize. (quick)9 You did _________________ than anybody else at the lab. (much)10 You’ll have to work ______________________ if you want to get your degree. (hard)

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Exercise 33. Complete the sentences below with appropriate adverbs derived from the words in the list.

hard loud long efficient early bad often careful quick1 You’ll have an accident if you don’t drive ________________________ .2 She should work ____________________________ if she wants to pass her maths test.3 You should have got there ___________________________ if you wanted a good seat.4 Can you speak ___________________________ , please? We can’t hear you at the back.5 There’s been an accident. Come as _____________________________ as you can, please.6 I caught a taxi because if I had come by bus, it would have taken me much ______________________________ .7 We need to save time and money – so can we all try and work ____________________________ ?8 “I’m fed up with staying in all the time.” “Well, go out ___________________________ .”9 His parents are worried because his marks are getting ____________________________ .Exercise 34. Complete the text with proper forms of adjectives. Find and explain all the comparative constructions used in the text.

Which is a ______________ (good) fuel for a car? Is it petrol or diesel? Petrol is _______________ (common) because it makes a car go _______________ (fast) than diesel. It’s also much _______________ (noisy) than diesel. Diesel usually costs _______________ (little) than petrol, and you can travel for _______________(many) kilometres per litre, because diesel has about 10% _______________ (much) energy per litre than petrol. But diesel engines are _______________ (noisy) and _______________ (heavy) than petrol ones, although they last _______________ (long). From an environmental point of view, diesel oil is _______________ (good) than petrol, because the exhaust from diesel engines produces _______________ (little) pollution. It’s also _______________ (safe). Because diesel is _______________ (combustible) than petrol, it’s _______________ (little) likely to catch fire in an accident.

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A _______________ (new) fuel, LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas), makes cars go as _______________ (fast) as petrol, but produces _______________ (little) energy per litre. However, LPG is becoming very popular in some countries because it’s the _______________ (harmful) to the environment copmared with diesel or petrol. Of the three types of fuel (LPG, petrol and diesel), cars that use LPG emit the _______________ (small) amount of pollution from their exhaust. LPG is also the _______________ (clean) fuel when you’re filling the car, because the gas is completely sealed. There are two more strengths of LPG: it’s the _______________ (quiet) fuel, and the _______________ (expensive) of the three. LPG engines are about the same weight as petrol ones, but they’re much _______________ (durable).Exercise 35. Complete the dialogue between a car salesman (S) and a customer (C). Make comparisons between the two cars.

KIA Rio / mid / 1.4 / MT5 / gasoline / Sedan (2014) 

FORD Focus / Ambiente / Ecoboost turbo / 1.0 / MT5 / gasoline / Sedan (2015)

Engine size 1.4 litre 1.0 litreHorse power 107 hp 100 hpTop speed 190 kph 175 kphAcceleration 0-100 kph: 11.5

seconds0-100 kph: 13.2 seconds

Fuel tank capacity 43 litre 48 litreFuel consumption (combined)

5.9 km/litre 5.1 km/litre

Price 315,400 hryvnias 326,990 hryvniasS: KIA Rio is quite a bit _______________ (fast) than FORD Focus.C: Yes, but doesn’t it use _______________ (much) petrol?S: Sure, the fuel consumption on KIA Rio is a little bit ____________ (high).C: So, I’ll have to fill up with petrol ___________________ (often).S: And FORD Focus has a ____________________ (large) fuel tank.C: How much _______________ (large)?

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S: It holds 5 litres ____________ (much) than KIA Rio. But KIA Rio has _____________ (great) acceleration. So it’s much ___________ (safe), because you can overtake ____________ (fast).C: Because it’s got a ____________________ (powerful) engine, I suppose.S: Of course. In my humble opinion, KIA Rio is the _______________ (good) value for the money.C: But it’s quite a bit _______________ (expensive). You see, Rio is _______________ (much) than 300,000 hryvnias, and I want to spend no _______________ (much) than 150,000 hryvnias.S: Why not have a look at Ukrainian manufacturers? Their cars can be _______________ (cheap) to buy and service. ZAZ Sens, for example, costs only 133, 000 hryvnias.C: It’s a very good idea. I’ll take some time to think it over. Thank you ever so much.S: We are always glad to be helpful.Exercise 36. Answer the questions using the characteristic comparison of these two cars.

Range Rover Vogue3.0 ATM8 Diesel (2015) 

Volkswagen Touareg 3.0 V6 TDI ATM8 Terrain Tech (2015)

Engine size 3.0 litre 3.0 litreHorse power 259 hp 245 hpTop speed 210 kph 220 kphAcceleration 0-100 kph: 7.9 seconds 0-100 kph: 7.6 secondsFuel tank capacity 85 litre 100 litreFuel consumption (combined)

7.5 km/litre 7.2 km/litre

Price 2 708 276 hryvnias 1 325 746 hryvnias1. Which car is more powerful?2. Which car is faster?3. Which car has a larger fuel tank?4. Which car is more expensive?5. Which car is better? Explain why.

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Exercise 37. Write questions which correspond to the given answers. Use the information in the text given.

The nearest star that can be seen with the naked eye is called Alpha Centauri. It’s 4.36 light years away and can be seen from the southern hemisphere. However, the nearest star to Earth is 4.24 light years away. Its name is Proxima Centauri and it is so faint that you cannot see it with the naked eye.

The deepest part in the world’s oceans is in the Pacific Ocean, at a place called the Marianas Trench. A Japanese ship sent down an unmanned probe to the bottom of the ocean there, to a depth of 10,911 metres.

The Mohs scale of mineral hardness was created in 1812. It ranges from talc, which is number one on the scale, to diamond which is number ten. Silver is between 2.5 and 3. Iron is between four and five. Glass is between six and seven. So silver is the softest of the three materials and glass is the hardest. The most common of the gases in the atmosphere is nitrogen. After that comes oxygen. Hydrogen is less common than oxygen and is the least common of these three gases.

So far the hottest temperature recorded on Earth was at a place called Al Azizyan in Libya. The temperature reached a record of 58° Celsius.

The coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth was in 1983. A temperature of -89° Celsius was recorded at a place called Vostok in Antarctica.1 How ________________________________________________?4.36 light years away.2 How ________________________________________________?10,911 metres.3 Which of ____________________________________________?Glass.4 Which of _____________________________________________?Hydrogen.5 What ________________________________________________?58° Celsius.6 What ________________________________________________?-89° Celsius.

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Exercise 38. Read the specification table for four luxury yachts from Super Yachts Monaco (1, 3), ISA Yachts (2) and Moran Yacht and Ship (4), then cross out the wrong answers below.Name Cost Length Total

powerTop speed (knots)

Max guests

No. of crew

1. Mon Plaisir € 21 m 46.70 m 3,108 hp 15 kts 10 92. Silver Wind € 21 m 43.63 m 11,626 hp 38 kts 10 53. I Dynasty € 36 m 59.30 m 8,000 hp 15 kts 14 154. Northern Star € 115 m 75.40 m 5,364 hp 15 kts 12 221. Northern Star is the (most / least) expensive of the yachts.2. Mon Plaisir 702 is (as expensive as / not as expensive as) Silver Wind.3. The second longest yacht is (Mon Plaisir / Silver Wind / I Dynasty / Northern Star).4. Silver Wind is the (fastest / second fastest / slowest) of the yachts.5. (More / Fewer) guests can stay on Northern Star than on I Dynasty.6. There are (fewer / more) crew members per guest on I Dynasty than on Northern Star.Exercise 39. Complete the sentences with a comparative or superlative form, adding any words that are needed. You may use some words twice.

boring warm simple good wonderful lucky intelligent comfortable hot old far difficult cheap bad interesting

1 This exercise is too easy – can’t we try a ________________________________ one?2 England’s too cold in the spring – let’s go to Spain where it’s ___________________________________ .3 She comes top in all the exams – she must be _________________________________ girl in the class.4 The temperature in July reaches forty-four degrees – it’s _________________________________ month of the year.

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5 Let’s buy this video – it doesn’t cost that much – it’s __________________________________ the other one.6 This pen’s not very good – I’d like a ______________________ one, please.7 When I passed my driving test, it was the ____________________ day of my life.8 Lying down in bed is __________________________________ sitting on a hard chair.9 Our youngest son doesn’t want to be a teacher unlike his ___________________________________ brother.10 Australia is much ___________________________________ from Europe than I thought.11 I could hardly keep awake – it was ___________________________ film I’ve ever seen.12 The rules of this game are too complicated. Can we play something ________________________ ?13 She’s __________________________________ person I know – she is always winning prizes in Lotteries.14 A couple of miles is __________________________________ I can walk. Then we’ll have to catch the bus.15 I have a _________________________________ headache today than I did yesterday.16 This is ___________________________ restaurant in town; I’m never coming here again.17 I can’t do this test – can you give me a _________________ one?18 She was the ___________________________________ person at the party and I sat next to her all evening. It was awful!Exercise 40. Write a sentence comparing the items given, and using the word in brackets.a buses in the rush hour/buses late at night (crowded)_______________________________________________________b going to discos/going to restaurants (popular)_______________________________________________________c taking exercise/going on a diet (good)_______________________________________________________

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d being a scientist/being a poet (useful)_______________________________________________________e cycling/walking (healthy)_______________________________________________________f looking after a family/going out to work (interesting)_______________________________________________________g wearing formal clothes/wearing casual clothes (relaxing)_______________________________________________________h learning foreign languages/learning about computers (difficult)______________________________________________________Exercise 41. Look at the information in the table and complete the sentences about Dima and Tony using the prompts given and the forms of comparison as...as, so...as, the same (as), like, as, using the necessary words.The friends: Dima TonyDate of birth 22 August 22 AugustTime of birth 11.10 a.m 11.20 a.mWeight at birth 3 kilos 3.5 kilosHair fair fairResembles mum dadHeight now 1.90 1.93University Sumy State HarvardPhysics A BMaths C+ BEnglish D DHistory A AOccupation unemployed businessman (coal miner)

1 Date of birth: Dima was born on __________ day ___________ .2 Birthday: Tony’s birthday is ______________________ Dima’s.3 Time of birth: Tony was not born at _________________ Dima.4 Weight: At birth, Dima was not ____________________ Tony.5 Hair: Dima has the same __________________________ Tony.

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6 University: Tony doesn’t attend ___________________ Dima.7 Physics: Tony is not as good at __________________________ .8 Maths: Dima is not as _______________________________ .9 English: Dima is just as bad __________________ Tony was.10 History: Dima is ___________________________ Tony was.11 Height: Dima is not ____________________________ Tony is.12 Money: Dima doesn’t have as much __________________ has.13 Appearance: Dima looks _________________________ but Tony looks _________________________.14 Occupation: Tony works _____________________________ .15 Success: Dima has not been ____________________ Tony has.Exercise 42. Read this diary entry. Use the adjectives and adverbs in brackets in a correct form.

WednesdayI think today has been the ____________________ (bad) day

of my life. My car broke down on the expressway during rush hour this morning – the _______________________ (busy) time of day. I sat there for an hour waiting for a tow truck. The __________ (long) I waited, the ___________________________ (nervous) I became. I was a wreck when I got to work. Of course, this was the day we were closing the _________________ (big) deal of the year. My boss called me five times about one letter. And the _________________________ (frequently) he called, the _________________________ (badly) I typed. My next worry is the repair bill for the car. I hope it isn’t as high as the last time.

I’m going to try to relax now. There’s an interesting movie on cable TV tonight. Jan saw it last week and says it’s the _______________________ (good) film she’s seen in a long time. After the movie, I’ll take a __________________________ (hot) bath and go to bed. I’m looking forward to tomorrow. It can’t be as ___________________________ (bad) as today!Exercise 43. Choose two different devices or technologies to compare them. Write a text 50-100 words long. Use as many comparison structures as possible.Remember to introduce your thoughts with the expressions like these: To my mind, …

In my opinion, …

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As far as I know, …From my point of view,…

Also remember to link the ideas between sentences using the following expressions: Firstly, …

Secondly, ….After all, ….To sum up, …So, ….

For contrasting the ideas you can use:On the one hand…, on the other hand…It seems to be true, but…On the contrary…

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 44. Write a short text about tech (in between 40-80 words), its definitions and effects on society and the environment using the Present Simple Tense (Active or Passive)._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 45. Write three sentences about how tech is changing people’s lives these days. Remember to use the Present Continuous Tense for temporary and changing actions; especially with such words as “these days, today, this year, this period, this century”._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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TERM 2.2Exercise 1. Express your opinion (in between 50-100 words) on one of the quotations given below.1. Modern technology owes ecology and apology. (Alan M. Eddison).2. Technology… is a queer thing. It brings you great gifts with one hand, and it stabs you in the back with the other. (C.P. Snow, New York Times, 15 March 1971)3. It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. (Albert Einstein).4. Men have become the tools of their tools. (Henry David Thoreau)._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 2. Complete the table with the infinitive, past simple, past participle and translation of the given verbs.

INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATION

organiseрости, зростати

foundtaught

dividedbrought

змінюватиmovehave/has

obtainedbegan

містити, охоплювати

lentвирішувати

stealExercise 3. Write down the past participle of the following verbs:discover - ,cut - ,meet - ,be - ,take - ,prefer - ,put - ,pump - ,set - ,

spend - ,define - ,consider - ,throw away - ,challenge - ,remain - ,include - ,make - ,distribute - .

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Exercise 4. Change the active to the passive by supplying the correct form of be.1. Tom opens the door. The door _____ opened by Tom.2. Tom is opening the door. The door ____________ opened by Tom.3. Tom has opened the door. The door ___________ opened by Tom.4. Tom opened the door. The door ______________ opened by Tom.5. Tom was opening the door. The door __________ opened by Tom.6. Tom had opened the door. The door ___________ opened by Tom.7. Tom will open the door. The door ____________ opened by Tom.8. Tom will have opened the door. The door ____________________ opened by Tom.9. Tom is going to open the door. The door _________________ opened by Tom.10. Tom may open the door. The door ___________ opened by Tom.Exercise 5. Identify if the sentence is Active (A) or Passive (P).1. Technology deals with people and the environment.2. These periods are based on the kinds of materials people used.3. Iron is still used in industry today.4. Some advancements in technology have caused environmental problems such as acid rain. 5. Over 90 percent of all technologies were invented in the last decade.6. Technologies are being developed to help solve those problems. 7. An alloy is made when two or more metals are mixed together.8. Products were made in homes rather than factories during this period.9. Technology is changing faster and faster all the time.10. Several scientific instruments were invented during the period of Industrial Revolution.11. Recent history is divided into ages.12. You will be able to make decisions about your future and technology based on facts.13. Prehistoric times are described by the materials people used.14. Other technologies are being developed nowadays.15. A person who understands the effects of technology is technologically literate.

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Exercise 6. Read the text, find the verbs in Passive Voice and underline them.

WHERE AN IPHONE IS MADEWhere is an Iphone Made? In the USA? Are You Sure?Firstly, iPhone 6 is designed in California and then assembled

in China. After that iPhone 6 is distributed all over the world.The chip to iPhone 6 is supplied by TSMC (Taiwan). The

chip to iPhone 6S and future iPhones may be supplied by Samsung. Front and rear cameras are supplied by Sony. Microprocessors, camera lenses and displays are taken from Japan and Taiwan. Many components are produced in Asian countries: Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines. iPhone 6 is also assembled in Brazil. The devices can be assembled by robots.

And finally, iPhone 6 is distributed into many countries. It is sold and used in the USA, Europe and Asia. In the Ukraine it may be used by students, teachers and even kids.Exercise 7. Read the text, find the passive verbs, underline them and identify the verb tense.

HOW AN IPHONE CASE CAN BE MADEiPhone cases can be expensive, but if you use the iPhone

without a case, the screen can be scratched and the phone may be damaged. So, if you don’t want to pay for an expensive case, then it can be made at home. iPhone cases have been made from various materials (from Duct tape to milk jugs), but a leather case will last much longer and be far stronger.

The following things are needed: iPhone, cardboard, leather, tape, water, leather sewing kit, measuring tape, scissors or knife, instructions.

So, let’s begin.1. Firstly, the iPhone is measured: its width and length.2. Then cardboard is cut into a piece the same shape and size as the iPhone. The shape is wrapped in tape to make it strong.

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3. Next, the leather is cut into two pieces. Make sure each piece is approximately 3/4 inch larger than the length and width of the iPhone.4. Then the leather is soaked in water. The time is based on the thickness of the leather you are using. You will know when your leather is ready when it changes the color and darkens.5. The leather pieces are placed around the cardboard and the edges are strongly pressed together. If you wish to stamp a design on the case, now is the time to do it while the leather is still wet and easy to form.6. The leather is allowed to dry. This should take a day.7. Then leather is lined (sewed) together, make sure you leave at least ¼ inch between your stitching and the edge of the mold. For thicker leather, it may be easier to poke small holes where you will stitch, instead of trying to force the needle through.8. After that the leather is cut to shape. You can if you wish make two indentations at the top of the case to allow you to easily reach the iPhone.9. Finally, the iPhone is placed in the case.Exercise 8. Circle the correct variant.1. Environmental problems such as acid rain ________ by some advancements in technology.a) have been caused b) will be causing c) will have been caused2. New technologies ______ nowadays to help solve environmental problems.a) were developed b) will be developed c) are being developed3. Rock, wood, animal bones, plants or other natural materials _______ to Stone Age people.a) were known b) are known c) will be known

4. All the facts known to people today ______ our knowledge base.a) will have been called b) are being called c) are called5. Only natural materials _______ by prehistoric people.a) will be used b) are used c) were used

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6. Once a problem solving strategy _______, it _______to solve all kinds of problems.a) has been worked out; can be used b) is worked out; can’t be used c) will be worked out; has been used7. Very complicated problems _______ in technology at the moment.a) have been solved b) were solved c) are being solved8. Many of the latest technological developments _______ with computers.a) will have been connected b) are connected c) were being connected9. Very often prehistoric people ________ not very smart, but they were able to use the technology of their day very well.a) will be considered b) are considered c) have been considered10. Drawings ________ by prehistoric people to communicate with each other.a) were used b) were being used c) have been used11. Iron _______ in industry today.a) will be still used b) was still used c) is still used12. Over 90 percent of all technologies ________ in the last 25 or 30 years.a) were invented b) were being invented c) are invented13. An alloy ________ when two or more metals are mixed together.a) had been made b) is made c) was made14. Several scientific instruments _______ during the period of Industrial Revolution.a) have been invented b) are invented c) were invented15. Bronze was stronger than either copper or tin and it ________ to make better tools and weapons.a) must be used b) could be used c) won’t be used16. The blue jeans _________ by Levi Strauss.a) were invented b) are being invented c) will be invented17. When I returned to this town, the hospital____________.a) is still built b) is still being built c) was still being built18. English ________ all over the world.a) has been spoken b) is spoken c) is being spoken19. Don’t you understand the rule which __________ to you?

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a) was just explained b) has been just explained c) is just explained20. Mathematics _____ by many people, disliked by a few, admired and respected by all.a) was being loved b) are loved c) is loved21. Modern equipment __________ at our plant by March 2012.a) had been put into operation b) was put into operation c) will be put into operation22. During the experiment the air in the laboratory __________ by two ventilators.a) is purified b) was being purified c) has been purified23. Competent specialists for the industry _______ at our university. a) are trained b) are training c) train24. Next year our laboratory _______ with all necessary instruments.a) was provided b) will have been provided c) will be provided25. Yesterday we _________ a new alloy which will be used in modern technology. a) were shown b) were being shown c) are shown26. The children of Sparta ________ a military education. a) are given b) were given c) were being given27. The electric lamp ________ by Thomas Edison. a) is invented b) invented c) was invented28. The experiments ______ in some laboratories when the new term began. a) are still made b) were still being made c) are still being made29. The experiment was very interesting, it ____ with great attention. a) is being watched b) was being watched c) will be watched30. Numerous new instruments __________ now in many branches of science and technology. a) are being used b) used c) were used31. By the end of the year all experiments necessary for the completion of our research _____. a) were made b) will be made c) will have been made32. The visible side of the moon _________ever since Galileo invented the telescope. a) are studied b) has been studied c) were studied

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33. The positive results ___________ until a more powerful equipment was installed.a) hadn’t been obtained b) haven’t been obtained c) were not obtained34. The first attempts to obtain synthetic materials by scientist _________ by the end of the 19th century. a) were made b) have been made c) had been made35. When the engine _________ the driver started the car. a) was examined b) has been examined c) had been examined36. The experiment was very interesting, it ____ with great attention. a) was being watched b) is watched c) had been watched37. The positive results __________ recently. a) are obtained b) have been obtained c) were obtained38. Last night we ______ to the restaurant by our friends from Spain. a) are invited b) were invited c) had been invited39. Nowadays oil __________ in large ships. a) is transported b) are transported c) was being transported40. The United Nations Organization ___________ in 1945. a) were founded b) had been founded c) was founded41. In 1666, a large part of London ________ by fire. a) has been destroyed b) was destroyed c) will be destroyed42. Nothing _______ of him since he left the country six weeks ago. a) was heard b) has been heard c) had been heard43. The question ________ as soon as they arrive. a) was settled b) is settled c) will be settled44. The book ________ at the next conference. a) will be discussed b) was discussed c) will have been discussed 45. I hope the invitation _______ by everybody.a) is being accepted b) will be accepted c) would be accepted46. We _______ to the party.a) have been invited b) have invited c) have been invitingExercise 9. Change the structure to have one more passive sentence with the same meaning.1. Nothing was sent to me.

Model: I was sent nothing.

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2. Papers were brought to us to sign. _______________________________________________________3. A clock was given to Henry when he retired. _____________________________________________________________4. Stories were read to the children._______________________________________________________5. A new job has been offered to me._______________________________________________________6. French is taught to us by Mrs. Lee._______________________________________________________7. A car has been lent to me for the week._______________________________________________________8. A full explanation was promised to us._______________________________________________________9. A lot of lies were told to me by the secretary._______________________________________________________Exercise 10. Make the sentences passive. Use “by” only if it is necessary to say who does/did the action.1. The Chinese had gunpowder during the Pre-Industrial Revolution._______________________________________________________2. They have researched this topic carefully._______________________________________________________3. They are trying to find information on the topic now._______________________________________________________4. People in Chile speak Spanish._______________________________________________________5. Has anybody pumped out this water?_______________________________________________________

6. My mother made this iPhone case._______________________________________________________7. Electricity drives this car._______________________________________________________8. Somebody will tell you where to go._______________________________________________________9. During the Stone Age people used tools made of animal bones.

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_______________________________________________________10. Liverpool beat Manchester 3:0 yesterday._______________________________________________________11. The Chinese invented paper._______________________________________________________12. You need leather to make an iPhone case._______________________________________________________13. They don’t sell memory cards in bookshops._______________________________________________________14. The directors are still considering your application._______________________________________________________Exercise 11. Choose the best sentence from each pair to build up a continuous text.1. a. How books are made.b. How people make books.2. a. First of all the printers print big sheets of paper.b. First of all big sheets of paper are printed.3. a. Each sheet contains the text of a number of pages (e.g. 32).b. The text of a number of pages (e.g. 32) is contained in each sheet.4. a. People fold and cut the sheet to produce sections of the book.b. The sheets are folded and cut to produce sections of the book.5. a. These sections are called signatures.b. We call these sections signatures.6. a. The printers put all the signatures together in the correct order.b. All the signatures are put together in the correct order.7. a. Then they are bound together and their edges are trimmed.b. Then they bind the signatures together and trim the edges.8. a. Finally, the cover – which has been printed separately – is attached.b. Finally, they attach the cover – which they have printed separately.9. a. Now the publishers can publish the book.b. Now the book can be published.Exercise 12. Look at each of these active sentences. Change them to the passive, and decide whether to include the agent or not.1. People have invented over 90 percent of all technologies in the last decade.

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Over ___________________________________________________2. Someone has divided Recent history into ages.Recent _________________________________________________3. As the population grows, more people are adding more new ideas and inventing more new tools. More __________________________________________________4 .Pizarro first brought potatoes to Europe in 1554.Potatoes ________________________________________________5 You have to mix copper and tin.copper and tin ___________________________________________6 You are not permitted to smoke in the university.Smoking _______________________________________________7 An electric element in the boiler heats the water.The water _______________________________________________8 The company employs forty - five technicians.Forty –five technicians ____________________________________9 Someone invented the Espresso machine in Italy.The Espresso machine _____________________________________10. During the Industrial Revolution people set up factories which used technological inventions to improve production process.Factories _____________________________________________Exercise 13. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning of the sentence remains the same. Include a verb in the passive voice.1. When people combine their ideas, we have even more new machines and tools.When the ideas __________________________________________2. Someone has distributed technological inventions in the history of humanity.Technological inventions __________________________________3. They are going to cut an iron sheet soon.An iron sheet ____________________________________________4. They usually pump water out of coal mines.Water __________________________________________________5. They could organize tech history by dividing the past into time periods.

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Tech history _____________________________________________6. They have thrown away that device.That device _____________________________________________7. You have to develop new technologies to meet people’s changing needs.New technologies ________________________________________8. People preferred iron because it was harder and held a cutting edge better than bronze.Iron ___________________________________________________9. You should base new technologies on the old ones.New technologies ________________________________________10. We’ll take a brief look at tech through the ages.A brief look at tech through the ages _________________________Exercise 14. Change the active to the passive.1. People invented several important scientific instruments such as the microscope._______________________________________________________2. Scientists will use the scientific method to find answers._______________________________________________________3. Alex is making an alloy._______________________________________________________4. Waitresses and waiters serve customers._______________________________________________________5. The teacher is going to explain the lesson._______________________________________________________6. Shirley has suggested a new idea._______________________________________________________7. Two horses were pulling the farmer’s wagon._______________________________________________________8. Kathy had returned the book to the library._______________________________________________________9. By this time tomorrow, the president will have made the announcement._______________________________________________________10. I didn’t write that note. Jim wrote it._______________________________________________________

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11. Alice didn’t make that pie. Did Mrs. French make it?_______________________________________________________12. Does Prof. Jackson teach that course? I know that Prof. Adams doesn’t teach it._______________________________________________________13. Mrs. Andrews hasn’t signed those papers yet. Has Mr. Andrews signed them yet?_______________________________________________________14. Is Mr. Brown painting your house?_______________________________________________________15. His tricks won’t fool me._______________________________________________________Exercise 15. Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form).arrest wake knock check translate find drive make spend hear carry

Model: The music at the party was very loud and could be heard from far away.1 A decision will not _____________________ until the next meeting.2 That building is dangerous. It ought to _______________________ down before it falls down.3 When you go through Customs, your luggage may ______________________________ by a customs officer.4 I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to ______________________________ up at 6.30.5 Her new book will probably _______________________________ into a number of foreign languages.6 If you kicked a policeman, you’d ____________________________ .7 Police are looking for the missing boy. He can’t _________________________ anywhere.8 Do you think that less money should __________________________ on arms?9 The injured man couldn’t walk and had to ____________________ .10 I don’t mind driving but I prefer to _________________________ by other people.

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Exercise 16. Now you have to read a sentence and write another sentence with the same meaning.Model: We can solve the problem. The problem can be solved.1 People should send their complaints to the head office.Complaints _____________________________________________2 They had to postpone the meeting because of illness.The meeting _____________________________________________3 Somebody might have stolen your car if you had left the keys in it.Your car ________________________________________________4 An electrical fault could have caused the fire.The fire ________________________________________________5 They are going to hold next year’s congress in San Francisco.Next year’s congress ______________________________________6 They shouldn’t have played the football match in such bad weather. The football match ________________________________Exercise 17. Read a sentence and then write another sentence with the same meaning. Begin each sentence as shown.

Model: Somebody stole my bag in the shop. My bag was stolen in the shop.The police have arrested three men. Three men have been arrested by the police.

1 The bill includes service.Service _______________________________________ in the bill.2 People don’t use this road very often.This road ______________________________________________ .3 They cancelled all flights because of fog.All flights ______________________________________________ .4 Somebody accused me of stealing the money.I _____________________________________________________ .5 They are building a new ring-road round the city. A new ring-road _________________________________________ .6 I didn’t realise that someone was recording our conversation.I didn’t realise that our conversation _________________________ .7 They have changed the date of the meeting.The date of the meeting _______________________________________ .

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8 Brian told me that somebody had attacked and robbed him in the street. Brian told me that he __________________________________________________________________________________________ .Exercise 18. Make a passive sentence from the words in brackets.Model:: That church looks very old. (when/it/build?) When was it

built?A: Is Margaret popular?B: Yes. (she/like/by everybody) She is liked by everybody.

1 This is a very popular television programme. (every week it/watch/by millions of people) Every week it ______________________________________________________ .2 What happens to the cars produced in this factory? (most of them/export?) ______________________________________________________ .3 A: Was there any trouble at the demonstration?

B: Yes. (about 20 people/arrest) ___________________________ .4 A: There is no longer military service in Britain.

B: Really? (when/it/abolish?) _____________________________ .5 A: Did anybody call an ambulance to the scene of the accident?

B: Yes. (but nobody/injure/so it/not/need) __________________________________________________________________________ .6 A: Last night someone broke into our house.

B: Oh dear. (anything/take?) ______________________________ .7 Mr. Kelly can’t use his office at the moment. (it/redecorate) ______________________________________________________ .8 George didn’t have his car yesterday. (it/service/at the garage) __________________________________ .9 Where’s my bicycle? It’s gone! (it/steal!) ___________________ .10 The people next door disappeared six months ago. (They/not/see/since then) _________________________________ .11 This room looks different. (it/paint/since I was last here?) ______________________________________________________ .12 A tree was lying across the road. (it/blow/down in the storm) ______________________________________________________ .Exercise 19. Read a sentence and then write another sentence with the same meaning. Begin each sentence as shown.

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Model: They didn’t offer Ann the job. Ann wasn’t offered the job.1 They don’t pay Jim very much. Jim ________________________2 They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview. You ______________________________________________________________3 Nobody told me that George was ill. I _______________________4 His colleagues gave him a present when he retired. He _________________________________________________________________5 We will send you your examination results as soon as they are ready. You ______________________________________________6 They didn’t ask me my name. I ____________________________7 I think they should have offered Tom the job. I think Tom ______________________________________________________________Exercise 20. Write sentences from the words in brackets (...) using Passive Voice. Sentences 1-7 are present, sentences 8-15 are past.1 (the office / clean / every day) ____________________________ 2 (these rooms / clean / every day?) _________________________ 3 (glass / make / from sand) Glass __________________________4 (stamps / sell / in a post office) ____________________________5 (this room / not / use / very often) __________________________6 (we / allow / to park here?) _______________________________7 (how / this word / pronounce?) ____________________________8 (the office / clean / yesterday) ____________________________ 9 (the house /paint/ last month) The house ____________________10 (three people / injure / in the accident) _____________________11 (my bicycle / steal / a few days ago) _______________________12 (when / this bridge / build?) ______________________________13 (you / invite / to the party last week?) ______________________14 (how / these windows / break?) ___________________________15 (I / not / wake up / by the noise) ___________________________Exercise 21. Correct these sentences.1 This house built 100 years ago.

Model: This house was built 100 years ago.2 Football plays in most countries of the world. ________________________________________________________________________3 Why did the letter send to the wrong address? _________________

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_______________________________________________________4 A garage is a place where cars repair. ______________________________________________________________________________5 Where are you born? ____________________________________6 How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? ___________________________________________________________________7 Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen. ___________________________________________________________________8 When was invented the bicycle? ___________________________Exercise 22. Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:

clean damage find give invite make make show steal take1. The room ________________________________ every day.2. I saw an accident yesterday. Two people ____________________ to hospital.3. Paper __________________________________ from wood.4. There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms _______________________________ .5. “Where did you get this picture?” “It ________________________ to me by a friend of mine.”6. Many American programmes ________________________ on British television.7. “Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?” “No, They ___________________________________ but they didn't go.”8. “How old is this film?” “It _________________________ in 1965.”9. My car ______________________________ last week but the next day it _______________________________ by the police.Exercise 23. Put each verb in brackets into the passive voice in a suitable tense.

Now that we have settled in our new house, I thought I'd tell you all about it. Before we bought it, it (own) ________________ by a foreigner, and (not live in) __________________________ for a long time. So we have been very busy redecorating! Since we moved in, all the rooms (paint) ________________________, and the garden (reorganise) ____________________. But we have had a few problems. Last week the electricity (cut off) ___________________,

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and nothing could (do) _______________________ until the bill (pay) ____________________. Next month some workmen are coming to do some building work. One wall in the living room (knock down) ____________________, and the room (make) _____________________ larger. Then perhaps we'll have some peace and quiet. We (visit) ________________________________ by some of the neighbours, but we (not invite back) ___________________________ by any of them yet. I suppose they wanted to see what (do) _________________________ to the house.Exercise 24. Use the words in brackets (...) to complete the sentences. Pay special attention to sentences 1, 3, 7, 10.1 I can't use my office at the moment. It _________________ (paint).2 We didn't go to the party. We ___________________ (not/invite).3 The washing machine was broken but its OK now. It __________________________________ (repair).4 The washing machine __________________________________ (repair) yesterday afternoon.5 A factory is a place where things ______________________ (make).6 How old are these houses? When ________________ (they /build)?7 A: ______________________ (the computer / use) at the moment?

B: Yes, Jim is using it.8 I've never seen these flowers before. What ________________________________ (they/ call)?9 Some trees __________________________ (blow) down in the storm last night.10 The bridge is closed at the moment. It ________________________________ (damage) last week and it _________________________________ (not/ repair) yet.Exercise 25. Write a short story (40-80 words) about any object, future technology or innovation: what is done with it every day or what was done yesterdays or what will be done tomorrow. Remember to use linking words, such as: firstly, secondly, then, after that, also, next, so, finally etc.

Model:

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The door of our room is opened every ten minutes. It is also never knocked. Two days ago this door was kicked and broken by one very naughty boy. So, tomorrow it will be repaired and painted. We hope that the culprit will be punished and the door opened with a door knob._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TERM 2.3Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with proper forms of the verbs in brackets.

The discovery and use of fire (to be) a turning point in the development of tech history. This  (to allow) to keep warm and cook diverse and more nutrient food. Other technology advancements for people’s every day life ( to include) clothing and shelter. The dwellings (to become) more and more sophisticated with time. And the usage of animal fur and leather helped people to move to colder regions.

Technology of the future is going (to bring) bionics, nanofood, AI or even hangfish slime for clothing and multifunctional garments. We anticipate wearable technology such as temperature controlled suits embedded with a phone, comp or LED-

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equipped. The houses ___ _ __ (to advance) from temporary wood huts to modern smart ones with sliding walls and furniture. These days some designers (to predict) smaller house in square footage that will feel bigger. Coming generations (to be) more interested in the appropriate use of resources which is an issue of smart design.

So, the tech in every day life has advanced significantly, but it is still going (to advance) in the future. In what way? This is the process that can’t be predicted.Exercise 2. Open the bracket and put the verbs into the correct tense. Use the Active Voice only.

Technology (to be) a broad term. We (to use) it generally or in application to certain areas: computer tech, design tech, medical technologies, learning technologies etc. The shortening for it (to be) tech. Technology (to be) an activity that changes the surrounding. Technology can be viewed as a practical application of knowledge for the benefit of the society. Is it always for the benefit? It’s hard to say for sure.

Since the beginning of civilisation tech (to advance) a lot. Prehistoric people (to discover) uses for fire. Later people (to begin) to use bronze. After that they preferred iron. Factories (to replace) workshops. What’s next?

Today’s generations (to look for) new sources of energy, new electronic gismos, innovative clothing, self managed houses and cars. Parents (to lose) their children in the computers day by day, minute by minute.

“Today’s Generation” is a song by Attak with the words that should make us think: “X generation without a future. X generation without a culture. No place to hide in this world of hate. Today’s generation is gonna meet it’s fate.”

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you still (to anticipate) positive future now? people (to leave) gadgets and social networks in favor of a simpler life next year? you personally (to go) to switch off right now?Exercise 3. Put the words in the questions in the right order.1. metal/ or / stronger / tin / What / copper /was /than? _______________________________________________________2. driver / been / the / What / do / when / had / engine / the / did / examined?_______________________________________________________3. at/ next/discuss/ conference /book/Will/the/ you/the?_______________________________________________________4. were/ many/ history /How/ there /in/ mankind /periods/of/ the?_______________________________________________________5. are / technological /connected / latest / What / with / the / developments?_______________________________________________________6. affect / environment / does / technology / How / people / and?_______________________________________________________7. years / ago / ten / clean / river / as / Is / as / it / was / in / the / water?_______________________________________________________8. productive / will / our / and / life / easier / make / more / What?_______________________________________________________9. has / kind / recently / result / What / obtained / been / of?_______________________________________________________10. the / speaks / your / Who / most / correctly / English / all / in / of / group?_______________________________________________________Exercise 4. Write questions for the answers.1. What ________________________________________________?Archimedes discovered his principle while he was taking a bath.

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2. Who _____________________________________________ by?A group of terrorists has been arrested by the police.3. Who _____________________________________________ for?Some technological discoveries and inventions are bad for people.4. How________________________________________________?Technology is changing faster and faster all the time.5. What ___________________________________________ with?Technology always deals with people and the environment.6. Who ________________________________________________?Our engineers want to automate the production.7. When _______________________________________________?As soon as they receive the necessary data they will inform you.

8. Why ________________________________________________?The government sent a team of experts to study the problem. 9. What ________________________________________________?I saw a light in your window as I was passing by.10. How many __________________________________________? Jane had already typed three pages when her computer crashed. 11. How _______________________________________________?Future technologies will make your life easier and more productive.12. What ____________________________________________ for?Our scientists are preparing programs for automatic devices.13. Why _______________________________________________?The lights went off because we hadn’t paid the electricity bill.14. When ______________________________________________?Technology touches almost every part of our life today.15. What for ____________________________________________?New technologies are being developed nowadays to help solve environmental problems.16. How many __________________________________________?

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Several scientific instruments were invented during Industrial Revolution.17. What _______________________________________________?This phenomenon hasn’t been studied yet.18. What kind of data __________________________________ for?Good scientific reports always provide useful data for future research.19. Why _______________________________________________?John is nervous because he has never taken such a difficult test before.20. How many __________________________________________?Millions of people all over the world work in technology-related careers.Exercise 5. Match the words with their translation:

A. 1. _____ to challenge A. крок, темп

2. _____ hard B. тертя

3. _____ to float C. упізнавати, визнавати

4. _____ to improve D. кидати виклик

5. _____ wheel E. проводити

6. _____ craft F. качати

7. _____ iron G. напрям, струмінь

8. _____ to recognize H. колесо

9. _____ device I. винаходити

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10. _____ friction J. поліпшувати

11. _____ to conduct K. залізо

12. _____ jet L. прилад, механізм

13. _____ pace M. плавати

14. _____ to pump N. твердий, важкий

15. _____ to invent O. ремесло

B. 1. _____ to advance A. майстерність

3. _____ to describe C. удосконалювати

4. _____ tool D. винурення

5._____ tin E. чинити опір

6. _____ strong F. пара

7. _____ track G. лезо, край

8. _____ levitation H. міцний, сильний

9. _____ to figure out I. олово

10. _____ to design J. інструмент, знаряддя

11. _____ edge K. слід

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12. _____ to create L. надавати перевагу

13. _____ to resist M. конструювати

14. _____ to prefer N. зображувати

15. _____ skill O. створювати

Exercise 6. Translate the following Noun + Noun combinations:student conference, student problem, problem student, state government, state university, state coal mine, craft people, technology advances, problem work week, engineering technology age, environment protection, computer knowledge application, engineering knowledge application, computer voice recognition, future computer voice recognition technology, artificial intelligence future problems, future space robots satellites, future space base factories, artificial intelligence application, tech growth.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 7. Make up and write as many Noun + Noun combinations as possible using the given words. Translate them.Time, period, iron ore, information, recognition, life forms, work week, space base, space, field, decision, prevention, improvement, keyboard, benefit, prediction, friction, energy, technician, situation,.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 8. Circle the correct variant from the given ones.1. Robots, satellites, lasers, and computers are ______ of technology.

A products B problems C definitions2. Technology is fast-paced, _________ and fun!

A advance B logically C challenging3. Prehistoric people used simple tools such as _______ and axes made of stone.

A clubs B parties C advancements4. The Chinese were __________ other people in technology because they had gunpowder

A recent B instead of C ahead of5. ___________ is the ability to design or redesign life forms

A Voice Recognition B Genetic EngineeringC Artificial Intelligence

6. Technology is a combination of people like you, your ideas, and the ____________ you will use to solve problems

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A challenges B tools C iron7. One way to organize the history of technology is to divide the past into time ____________.

A periods B challenging C recent8. During the second part of the Pre-Industrial Revolution, technology and ____________ became important

A iron B hunters C science9. Levitating trains __________ the friction made when two materials rub against each other

A resist B wheels C reduce10. Some advancements in technology have caused ______ problems such as acid rain.

A invent B scientifically C environmental11. The tools were important to prehistoric people as weapons or for ____________ food.

A edge B gathering C prefer12. People develop new technologies to meet their changing ____________.

A cause B acid C needs13. People set up factories that could produce things ____ and faster.

A cheaper B more expensive C craft14. Using Voice Recognition, you will give commands by voice instead of using a ____________.

A property B keyboard C advancements15. You can see that technology has many different ____________.

A definitions B science C involve16. The effects of technology are not always good for ____________ or for the environment.

A hammer B society C while17. People learned how to mix copper with tin to make a stronger metal called ____________.

A bronze B iron C edge18. Today we are in an Information Age, where __________ such as finding and using information are important

A jet B skills C age

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19. Superconductor is a material that loses all resistance to electricity, usually at ____________ temperatures.

A rapid B low C high20. Technology is a ____________ of people like you, your ideas, and the tools you will use to solve problems

A creativity B study C combination21. Let’s ____________ more about technology.

A find out B use C both22. Iron ore was also easy to find and ____________.

A far expensive B more expensive C less expensive23. When something changes, and keeps changing faster and faster, we call it an exponential ____________ of change.

A rate B recognition C space24. We live in an exciting age of ____________ technology growth.

A float B conductivity C rapidExercise 9. Organise the parts of the given text in the correct order: 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – and choose the best title for the text from the given below:

1 Alexander Graham Bell2 Communication3 People’s Timekeeping4 Mobile phones5 The Development Of TechnologyA But in the mid-90s, something happened. Cheaper handsets

and cheaper calling rates meant that, almost overnight, it seemed that everyone had a mobile phone. And the giant plastic bricks of the 80s had evolved into smooth little objects that fitted nicely into pockets and bags. In every pub and restaurant you could hear the bleep and buzz of mobiles ringing and registering messages, occasionally breaking out into primitive versions of the latest pop songs. Cities suddenly had a new, postmodern birdsong.

Moreover, people’s timekeeping changed. Younger readers will be amazed to know that, not long ago, people made spoken arrangements to meet at a certain place at a certain time. Once a time and place had been agreed, people met as agreed. Somewhere around the new millennium, this practice started to die out. Meeting times

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became approximate, subject to change at any moment under the new order of communication: the Short Message Service (SMS) or text message. Going to be late? Send a text message! It takes much less effort than arriving on time, and it’s much less awkward than explaining your lateness face-to-face. It’s the perfect communication method for the busy modern lifestyle. Like email before it, the text message has altered the way we write in English, bringing more abbreviations and a more lax approach to language construction. The160-character limit on text messages has led to a new, abbreviated version of English for fast and instantaneous communication. Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important when you’re sitting on the bus, hurriedly typing “Will B 15min late - C U @ the bar. Sorry! :-)”.

B The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modern mobile handset. As soon as his invention was complete, he tested it by calling a rival scientist to announce his success. Within a decade, mobile phones became available to the public. The streets of modern cities began to feature sharp-suited characters shouting into giant plastic bricks. In Britain the mobile phone quickly became synonymous with the “yuppie”, the new breed of young urban professionals who carried the expensive handsets as status symbols. Around this time many of us swore that we would never, ever own a mobile phone.

C So, mobile phones, once the preserve of the high-powered businessperson and the “yuppie”, are now a vital part of daily life for an enormous amount of people. From schoolchildren to pensioners, every section of society has found that it’s easier to stay in touch when you’ve got a mobile. Over the last few years mobiles have become more and more advanced, with built-in cameras, global positioning devices and internet access. And in the next couple of years, we can expect to see the arrival of the “third generation” of mobile phones: powerful micro-computers with broadband internet access, which will allow us to watch TV, download internet files at high speed and send instant video clips to friends.

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Alexander Graham Bell would be amazed if he could see how far the science of telephony has progressed in less than 150 years. If he were around today, he might say: “That’s gr8! But I’m v busy rite now. Will call U 2nite.”

D The modern mobile phone is a more complex version of the two-way radio. Traditional two-way radio was a very limited means of communication. As soon as the users moved out of range of each other’s broadcast area, the signal was lost. In the 1940s, researchers began experimenting with the idea of using a number of radio masts located around the countryside to pick up signals from two-way radios. A caller would always be within range of one of the masts; when he moved too far away from one mast, the next mast would pick up the signal. (Scientists referred to each mast’s reception area as being a separate “cell”; this is why in many countries mobile phones are called “cell phones”.)

However, 1940s technology was still quite primitive, and the “telephones” were enormous boxes which had to be transported by car.

E When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication. For the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances almost as clearly as if they were in the same room. Nowadays, though, we increasingly use Bell’s invention for emails, faxes and the internet rather than talking. Over the last two decades a new means of spoken communication has emerged: the mobile phone.Exercise 10. Organise the parts of the given text in the correct order: 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – and choose the best title for the text from the given below:

1 Learning Spanish Quickly2 The Best Language Practice3 My Living In Spain4 Talking to people5 Learning LanguagesA Other things that helped me when I first moved to Spain, 

were watching the typical kinds of programs we see every day on channels around the world.  For example the weather. This is great,

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because they always say the same things. So you can really quickly hear the same words repeated again and again. And the pictures helped of course.

Other types of program that helped me learned Spanish quickly were things like game shows, where the same thing happens.  They have a catchphrase or a slogan that they repeat endlessly when contestants win or when they are called to compete.

B I wanna talk about learning languages. I’ve lived in many different countries, both in Western Europe, Middle East, and now here in Hong Kong.  And during all of that time, I’ve learned five or six different languages, to one degree or another. I love learning languages, not only are they important when you move to a country, I just find them fascinating.

C So, it took me a long time to develop a good level of Spanish.  I lived there for ten years, and I think I’m very fluent now.  But I think for the first two years I was there, it was quite a struggle to hold a decent conversation.  There were always lots of words or expressions that I didn’t pick up on.  In particular with the colloquial expressions, idioms, that kind of thing that people use in everyday talk, but you don’t necessarily see written down.   I didn’t find those very easy to learn at all.  But it was a lot of fun.  And people as I said are really supporting when they know that you are genuinely interested in learning their language.

D As well as that, I used to pick up the Spanish newspapers.  First of all, I just accepted that there was no way I was going to understand anything but one or two words.  But gradually, I found that I learned lots of new things about this.  I was interested because I wanted to know what was happening in the country I lived in.  But, I also knew that I could learn a lot of language this way.  So I'd take a dictionary with me sometimes, or I'd notice a word and I'd ask other people what …it meant.

Anyway, by far the best practice I ever had was just talking to people in the street, or in shops where I'd rehearse in my head what I wanted to say beforehand, before I went in.  Usually, I'd make a right mess of it first of all, but, after you get over the embarrassment, it’s

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quite funny really.  And people are very sympathetic and supporting in most cases.

E Before I came to Hong Kong, I lived in Barcelona Spain for ten years.  And when I first arrived, the most important thing was being able to communicate with people locally.  I don’t attend classes.  I don’t think I’m particularly good in classes. I prefer to learn by just talking to people, finding out what I need to say by looking at dictionaries and listening carefully.Exercise 11. Organise the parts of the given text in the correct order: 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – and choose the best title for the text from the given below:

1 The World2 Development3 Globalisation4 Different Countries5 The World Economy6 Poor And Rich CountriesA So, the world’s wealth ends up going to the richest

organisations in the richest countries, the banks and the big companies that are involved in international trade. It leaves the poor countries either to pay back loans, or to buy expensive luxuries, weapons and other things that only the “First World” produces.

B Development is happening everywhere around the world and it has started to be called “globalisation”. There is a serious argument that this process is unfair and that it is causing a lot of poverty in poor countries and in rich ones.

Some of the “anti-globalists” are really not interested about economics at all. However, the economic parts of the argument go something like this: International trade is good for a minority of people who receive the profits from big transactions. These rich people tend to spend or save their money in the capitals of rich countries, so they don’t do much to help people in their own countries. The worst situation occurs in areas where there are no resources that the rest of the world wants to buy. International trade can’t help these countries at all.

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C Twenty years ago the world was divided into three parts. The “first world” was the rich countries of Western Europe, North America and Japan. The Soviet Union and countries closely connected with it made another different world, and then there was the “Third World” – countries which had to choose which side they were on. The “Third World” did not get its name for being poor but for being outside of the Cold War, or in fact the places where the Cold War could turn into a real one.

D Then the second world disappeared. This meant that poor countries were only left with one choice if they wanted to get richer – doing business with everyone else on the planet. Many of the poorest countries got professional “help” to do this from the International Monetary Fund, The World Bank and other organisations. These organisations lent them money and told them what kind of political changes to make in their country.

During the same period the economies of the rich countries have been changing. A lot of industries have closed down or been moved abroad, There has been a big increase in the employment of people who provide services – complicated services like investments or insurance and simple ones like sandwiches. It’s clearly not true that that these countries have finished developing, in fact they are changing faster and faster with every new technology and fashion.

E Why are there so many people in the world without food, water, schools and doctors?

For people living in the rich countries talking about “development” usually means feeling sorry for poor people in poor countries, or feeling happy about pop stars or politicians who say they have done something to help them. But, if you look at it another way, all of the human race is developing…Exercise 12. Identify the parts of speech of each word: noun (N), verb (V), adjective (Adj), adverb (Adv).1) development ____2) currently ____3) medical ____4) combination ____5) explorer ____

6) prehistoric ____7) evaluate____8) definition ____9) solution ____10) efficient ____

11) predict ____ 12) statement ____13) technology____14) movable____15) accurately ____

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16) really ____17) expensive ____18) artless ____19) conductor ____20) improve ____

21) visualize ____22) creative____23) accurately ____24) invent ____25) levitate ____

26) friction____ 27) engineer ____28) genetic ____29) predict ____30) scientifically____

Exercise 13. Match the beginnings of the sentences with their endings. One ending is odd.A. 1 A computer’s ability to react to a person’s voice is______

2 During the second part of the Pre-Industrial Revolution, ______3 Bronze was stronger than either copper or tin, and it could be __4 The effects of technology are not always good for ______5 During the industrial period many machines were ______6 Genetic Engineering or Biotechnology is the ability to ______A also easy to find and less expensive.B used to make better tools and weapons.C invented to produce things cheaper and faster.D called voice recognition.E some people remained hunters while others became farmers.F design or redesign life forms.G society or for the environment.

B. 1 During the Stone Age, prehistoric people used tools______2 With new inventions and machines, people set up ______3 When something changes, and keeps changing faster and faster, we call it ___4 In the future many factories will be ______5 Bronze is made when two or more metals are ______6 Recent history is a period ______A factories that could produce things cheaper and faster.B mixed together.C made mostly of stone, animal bones, and wood.D of very rapid growth in technology.E technological advances in the next 20 years.

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F run totally by robots.G an exponential rate of change.

Exercise 14. Complete the sentences with appropriate words. (Circle the correct answer.)

Tech is (1) ____ for technology. Technology is a (2) ____ of people, ideas and the tools we use to solve problems. It involves both (3) ____ and doing. Because technology deals with people and environment, you need to know how it (4) ___ you. A person who understands the effects of technology is technologically (5)____.

Some advancements in technology have caused environmental problems such as (6)___. Technology is changing (7) ____ all the time. People around the world did not (8)___ from one stage of technology to the next at the same pace. People in some parts of the world moved (9) ___, while others stayed the same. Some of them remained (10) ___ and gatherers while others became farmers and herders.

1 A) short B) long C) wide2 A) definition B) production C) combination3 A) thinking B) playing C) swimming4 A) affects B) causes C) agrees5 A) fast-paced B) literate C) environmental 6 A) satellite B) acid rain C) science7 A) taller and taller B) higher and higher C) faster and faster8 A) advance B) invest C) involve9 A) back B) right C) ahead10 A) hunters B) hammers C) lasers

Exercise 15. Complete the sentences with appropriate words. (Circle the correct answer.)

One way to organize history is (1) ____ the past into time periods. These periods are based on the kinds of (2)_____ people used. During the Stone Age, prehistoric people used (3)_____ made mostly of stone, animal bones, and wood. The tools were important to them as weapons for gathering (4)____. During the Bronze Age, people learned how (5)___ copper with tin to make a stronger metal called bronze. An (6)___ is made when two or more metals are

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mixed together. Then people started (7)____ their tools from iron instead of bronze. Iron ore was easy to find and less (8)___. With the use of iron, more tools (9) ____ faster. Iron is still (10)____ in industry today.

1 A) to invent B) to divide C) to produce2 A) materials B) instruments C) factories3 A) skills B) tools C) engines4 A) powder B) food C) air5 A) to mix B) to cut C) to overlap6 A) alloy B) age C) workshop7 A) to make B) to move C) to define8 A) movable B) expensive C) cheap9 A) developed B) discovered C) spoke10 A) caused B) gathered C) used

Exercise 16. Fill in the blanks with appropriate derivatives of the words in brackets.1. Factories will use _______________________________ materials from space environment (nature).2. Robots will be capable of making logic _______________________________ (to decide).3. Space robots will perform well-____________________________ tasks in some cases (definition).4. With the __________________________________ of artificial intelligence robots will be more intelligent (to improve).5. ___________________________________ trains reduce the friction made when two materials rub against each other (levitation).6. In the future you may find more robots replacing people in __________________________________ (industrial).7. Robots will be able to assemble __________________________as well as make the parts (productivity).8. Many factories will be run __________________ by robots (total).9. The computer would be able to make the right __________________________________ ( to decide).10. Some people ____________________________ that work week will be much shorter (prediction).

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0,5×5 2,50,5×

11. Here is a brief ____________________________ (to describe) of a few future technologies.12. Magnetic levitation means trains that float above a _____________________________ (magnetize) field.13. Biotechnology is the ability to __________________________ (designer) life forms.14. Superconductor is a material that looses all __________________________ (to resist) to electricity.15. Future technologies will make our life easier and more _____________________________ (to produce).16. Tech offers you the opportunity to _______________________________ the world (explorer).17. Factories will use natural materials from the space _____________________________ (environmentally).18. Technology is putting knowledge to ________________ (useful).19. You will learn that it is important to use your hands and your mind to ______________________________ problems (solution).20. Levitating trains reduce the friction made when 2 materials __________________________ against each other (rubber).21. Factories on space base will operate ____________________________ (automatic).22. Levitation makes it possible for trains to go over 300 miles per hour ______________ (safe).23. ___________________________ will be important in space (to manufacture).24. The computer would be able _________________________ problem situations (recognition).25. Before the ___________________________ Revolution changes in technology didn`t take place very fast (industry).Exercise 17. Circle the right variant.1. All the banks _____ on Sundays.

A are closed B had been closed C are been closed2. America _____ several centuries ago.

A had been discovered B was discovered C will be discovered

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3. One of the theatres in our city _____ now.A is being reconstructed B was being reconstructed C will be

reconstructed4. I think the money _____ back in the nearest future.

A is being paid B were paid C will be paid5. What’s the matter? My car _____.

A was just stolen B has just been stolen C is just stolen6. The room looked much better. It _____ .

A were being cleaned B is cleaned C had been cleaned7. The documents _____ by 5 p.m.

A will have been signed B are signed C is being signed8. My car _____ at that time.

A will be washed B was being washed C is being washed9. Basketball is _____ than tennis.

A the most popular B more popular C popularer10. Silver is _____ than copper.

A more heavy B heavier C heavyer11. Your phone is _____ than mine.

A gooder B goodder C better12. Jimmy is _____ boy in his class.

A the shortest B the most short C shorter13. Shevchenko is _____ Ukrainian poet.

A more famous B the most famous C the famousest14. The dog _____ for a walk.

A are taken B has just been taken C have just been taken15. A new rule _____ by the pupils at the moment.

A am being learnt B is being learnt C are being learnt16. The floors in the office _____ every day.

A will have been swept B are swept C were being swept17. This church _____ in 1815.

A had been built B will be built C was built18. My car _____ at the moment.

A was being repaired B will be repaired C is being repaired19. I didn’t realize our conversation _____ to.

A will be listened B was being listened C is being listened

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20. My sister _____ to hospital tomorrow.A is being B will be taken C was taken

21. The cake smells so nice. It _____.A will just be baked B has just been baked C is just baked

22. When we returned home, the walls _____.A is being painted B will be painted C had been painted

23. The flowers _____ by this evening.A are being watered B will have been watered C is watered

24. This watch is _____ than that one.A more expensive B expensiver C the most expensive

25. This exercise is _____ than the last one.A more easy B easyer C easier

26. The new film is _____ than the old one.A bader B worse C badder

27. Lizzy is _____ in her family.A the most young B the youngest C younger

28. The last task is _____ in the test.A the most difficult B the difficultest C more difficult

29. The bill _____ by Sally.A are paid B have just been paid C has just been paid

30. The texts _____ by the students at the moment.A is being read B am being read C are being read

Exercise 18. Circle the correct variant:1. A) Don’t go by plane. It is much more expensive.B) Don’t go by plane. It is much lot expensive.2. A) The newspaper said that an interesting exhibition was opened in the local museum last Sunday.B) The newspaper said that an interesting exhibition is open in the local museum last Sunday.3. A) David was the more talented of the two brothers. B) David was the most talented of the two brothers.4. A) She felt bad yesterday than three days before.B) She felt worse than 3 days before.5. A) Uncle John was the old son of the family.B) Uncle John was the eldest son of the family.6. A) The poster will be stuck on the wall next week.

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B) The poster was stick on the wall next week7. A) This wine is good I have ever tasted.B) This wine is the best I have ever tasted.8. A) My mother is a kind woman, the kindest I have ever seen. And today she has been kinder than ever.B) My mother is a kind woman, kinder I have ever seen. And today she has been the kindest than ever.9. A) The newspaper will be read tomorrow.B) The newspaper was read tomorrow.10. A) The text translates at the English lesson.B) The text was translated at the English lesson.11. A) I was given a very interesting book at the library last Friday.B) I give a very interesting book at the library last Friday.12. A) The exam was easier than we expected.B) The exam was the easiest than we expected.13. A) The bags with letters take to the post office.B) The bags with letters are taken to the post office.14. A) The answer to this question can be found in the encyclopedia.B) The answer to this question can find in the encyclopedia.15. A) The article was published last week if I am not mistaken.B) The article will be published last week if I am not mistaken.16. A) Your report must be divided into 3 chapters.B) Your report must divide into 3 chapters.17. A) Bronze was stronger than either cooper or tin.B) Bronze was strong than either cooper or tin.18. A) Did you know that the highest wind speed ever recorded on earth was 231 miles per hour?B) Did you know that most high wind speed ever recorded on earth was 231 miles per hour ?19. A) With new inventions, people set up factories that could produce things cheaper and faster.B) With new inventions, people set up factories that could produce things cheap and fast.20. A) Metallurgy is one of the oldest of arts but one of the youngest of sciences.

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B) Metallurgy is one of the old of arts but one of the young of sciences.Exercise 19. Complete the sentences with appropriate form of the words in brackets.1. Clothes are _________________________ (expensive) than food.2. Things went from bad to___________________________ (bad).3. They got down to business without________________ (far) delay.4. The warmer the weather, the___________________ (good) I feel.5. When I returned to the town my old school __________________ (pull) down.6. As I was walking home I thought I ______________________ (follow).7. The children are very excited this morning. They __________________________ (take) to the circus this afternoon.8. I can`t believe it! My car ___________________ (wash) already.9. Why___________ you ____________________ (forbid) to play football yesterday?10. This purse __________________________________ (leave) in a classroom yesterday.11. The blue whale is______________________________ (large) known animal, reaching a length of more than one hundred feet.12.This composition is _______________ (good) than your last one.13. She is the ________________________________ (pretty) of all the girls in the group.14. The letters ___________________________ (mail) tomorrow.15. 5.000 cars____________________ (produce) every day last year.16. This letter must__________________________(answer) at once.17. A modern tune ________________________ (play) when we came into the room.18. We can`t use the photocopier this morning. It ____________________ (repair).19. Golf________________________________ (invent) in China.20. Oh! Look! Our dinner_____________________ (serve) already.Exercise 20. Write a short answer to each question.1. How can you define technology? 2. How does technology affect the environment?

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3. What kind of tools were first used by prehistoric people?4. What is magnetic levitation?5. What is artificial intelligence?6. How are technological inventions distributed in the history of humanity?7. What is science fiction?8. What is superconductivity?9. What is genetic engineering?10. What is technology?11. What is voice recognition?12. What are the names of the periods history is divided into?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 21. Write expanded answers to the following questions (3-4 sentences): a topic sentence and 2 or 3 supporting sentences.

1. What is tech?2. Give examples of tech in your house or flat?

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3. What technologies did prehistoric people use?4. When did technology start?5. Why do you need tech?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 22. Write 3 sentences about technology using the following beginnings:

I think, …In fact, …As far as I know, …

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In my opinion, …________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 23. Write a short presentation (14-20 sentences) on one of the topics.

1. Technology – The Way I See It.2. Technological Progress: Pros And Cons.3. Technologically Literate People. Who Are They?4. Periods Of Tech Development.5. The Reasons For Advancements.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercise 24. Find interesting information about future technology or make predictions (40-80 words) using different ways to express future (Present Simple, Present Continuous, Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect or the construction “to be going to do smth”).____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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