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eLearningImplementation

电子学习实施

Haikou, Sept. 27-28, 2013海口， 2013 年 9 月 27 日至 28 日

Andreas HörfurterOn behalf of GIZ 代表 GIZ

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eLearning at its heart, it is, simply, learning. Too bad most interpretations focus on the

technology (the "e") and not on the learning. 电子学习的核心其实就是学习。可惜大部分人解读这一概念时都太关注技术了（其中的

“电子”），而没有关注“学习”。

Maybe the “e” should actually follow the word “learning.” 可能应该把“电子”放 在

“学习”之后的。

http://www.agelesslearner.com/intros/elearning.html

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The Lineup 演讲脉络

• eLearning Models 电子学习模式• eLearning Content 电子学习内容• eLearning Distribution 电子学习分配• eLearning Tools 电子学习工具• Implementation Process 实施过程

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eLearning Models 电子学习模式

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eLearning Models (I) 电子学习模式（ I ）

• pure eLearning (self study) 纯电子学习（自学）• eLearning as distance learning •电子学习作为远程学习的一种方式

• Blended Learning 混合式学习• Combination of eLearning and training 结合电子学习与培训• Mix of different formats 混合不同的形式

Pure eLearning is more flexible 纯电子学习更灵活自由Pure eLearning is easy to implement 纯电子学习易于实施Pure eLearning can be de-motiviating 纯电子学习可能缺乏动力Blended Learning is combining advantages 混合式学习可以合并优势Blended Learning is more difficult to organize 混合式学习更难组织Blended Learnign is more expensive 混合式学习更昂贵

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Place of Learning –scenarios 学习场所——场景

6

100% face to face百分百面对面

100% „distance study“(Online / eLearning)百分百远程学习“网上 /电子学习”

communication /collaboration / support 交流 / 合作 / 支持

(self directed) individual learning （自己掌控的）个人学习

Learning modules, which can be accessed anytime 学习模块，在任何时间

都可以使用模块学习

Webinars, 在线研讨会，

Tutored Online courses 有教师辅导的在线课程Blendend Learning

= face to face + Onlinein different formats and

blends混合式学习 = 面对面+ 以不同形式和不同混合方式进行的网上

学习Presentations 演示

Self study 自学

Group work 小组合作Discussion 讨论

Workshop 研讨会

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Blended Learning Models 混合式学习模式

A priori eLearning: eLearning in advance of face-to-face training 前电子学习：面对面培训之前的电子学习

– As preparation (basic knowledge) 作为准备（基础知识）– As introduction (raising awareness for topics) 作为入门介绍（提高对话题的认识）

Post eLearning: eLearning after face-to-face training: 后电子学习：面对面培训之后的电子学习– Specification and advanced study of topics 对话题更细致更进一步的学习– Fostering of application of knowledge (transfer) 培养知识的应用能力（转移）

eLearning sandwich: eLearning in between face-to-face trainings 电子学习三明治：在面对面培训之间的电子学习

– Specification and advanced study of topics 对话题更细致和进一步的学习– Elaboration of tasks 对任务的详细说明

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Blended Learning Success Factors 混合式学习的成功因素

Using eLearning and face-to-face training along strengths and to compensate each others weaknesses 使用电子学习与面对面培训，互相取长补短

Clear structure of blending: make the use of each training module clear and useful 清晰的混合式结构：使每一个培训模块都有使用价值，且使用方式清楚明白

Definition of effective learning goals for each module and training method 为每个模块和培训方法定义有效的学习目标

Didactic blending: blending technologies and methods along didactic tasks 混合教学 ：将技术和方法依照教学任务进行混合

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Didactic Blending 教学混合

How to blend eLearning with face-to-face (f2f) training: 如何将电子学习与面对面培训相结合：

Assignments and tasks: learners work during eLearning phase on tasks and assignments and bring results to f2f training 作业和任务：学员在电子学习阶段完成任务和作业，并在面对面培训时将完成的结果带来

Interactive discussions: in discussion boards and/or chat for the preparation or for review of f2f training 互动讨论：在讨论版和 / 或聊天区对面对面培训进行预习或复习

Testing as precondition for the admission to f2f training 通过测试是进入面对面培训的前提条件

Work on projects both in eLearning and f2f training 同时使用电子学习和面对面培训的方式完成项目

Collection of questions and topics of discussion prior to f2f training 在面对面培训前收集需要讨论的问题和话题

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Combining Methods 结合各种方法

eLearning 电子学习

synchronous, asynchronous 同步，异步

content and interactivity 内容和互动性

face to face training and exercise 面对面培训和练习

Practice

实践

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Example: Knowledge Transfer 例子：知识转移

Country: Austria 国家：奥地利

20 Participants 20 名参与者

Blended Learning Training for several topics at a university for applied sciences 在一所应用科学方面的大学就数个话题进行了混合式学习培训

Online exercises in preparation of the face to face seminar 通过在线练习为面对面讨论会做准备

Online exercises (including feedback) for transferring the new input into professional life 通过在线练习（包括学习反馈）将新知识转移应用到职业生活中

Outcome: sustainable knowledge 结果：可持续的知识

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eLearning Models (II) 电子学习模式（二）

• Online 在线• Internet or Intranet/Extranet 互联网或内联网 / 外联网

• Offline 离线• CD-ROM or stand-alone computer 只读光盘或单机电脑• DVD or Flash Drives DVD 或闪存驱动器

Inter-/Intranet is a requirement for Online 在线要求有互联网或内联网Online is relying on bandwidth 在线依赖宽带Online is easy to update 在线容易更新Offline: old versions might still circulate 离线：可能流传的仍是旧版本Offline is independent from stable networks 离线不需要稳定的网络

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eLearning Models (III) 电子学习模式（三）

• Synchronous 同步• Virtual Classroom 虚拟教室• Video Conferencing 视频会议• Chat 聊天

• Asynchronous 异步• Online Self Paced Learning 自主决定进度的在线学习• Online Bulletin Boards / Discussion Forums 在线公告版 / 讨论论坛• Blogs, eMail, Online Learning Modules 博客、电邮、在线学习模块

Synchronous: All learners have to be online at the same time 同步：所有学员必须同一时间在线Synchronous: high demand on bandwidth 同步：对宽带有较高要求Synchronous: direct communication with tutors 同步：与教师直接交流Asynchronous: any time, any place learning 异步：任何时间、地点的学习Asynchronous: learning on demand 异步：按需学习

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eLearning Models (IV) 电子学习模式（四）

• Independent Self-Study 独立自学• Learners on their own with content •对内容进行自主学习

• Tutor Supported Learning 导师支持的学习• Online Tutor available for questions •在线导师可回答问题• Online Tutor available for assignment feedback•在线导师可给予作业反馈• Online Tutor available for motivation•在线导师可提供学习激励• Online Tutor schedules learning process•在线导师制定学习过程

Self Study: students decide about learning pathway 自学：学生决定学习途径Self study: students have to be highly motivated 自学：学生必须有极强的动力Self Study: material must be highly self-explanatory 自学：材料必须高度具有自解释性Tutor Support: motivation and guidance 导师支持：激励和指导Tutor Support: asking questions is encouraged 导师支持：鼓励提问题Tutor Support: reduced drop-out rate 导师支持：退学率下降Tutor Support: staff cost 导师支持：员工支出

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eLearning Models (V) 电子学习模式（五）

• Paced Online Learning 有进度的在线学习• Content is available in a sequence 学习内容依次序发放• Rhythm of delivery 交付节奏

• All Contents Available at Once 所有内容一次给清• Content library 内容库• Users select content based on interest or requirements 用户基于兴趣或任务要求选择内容

Paced: learners are led through a program 有进度：学员被领着完成一个学习课程Paced: learners can be motivated more easily 有进度：学员更容易受到激励Paced: groups can be synchronized 有进度：各小组可以同步All Contents available: learning on demand 所有内容都可得：随需学习All Contents available: individual learning pathway 所有内容都可获得：个人学习途径

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Content Formats 内容形式

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Content Formats(I) 内容形式（一）

• Level of Interactivity 互动水平• User Choices (Learning Pathway, etc.) 用户选择（学习途径，等）• Simulations (user input, changed variables) 模拟（用户输入，改变的变量）• Animations 动画片• Tests 测试• Exercises 练习• etc. 等

Interactivity is expensive 互动较昂贵Interactivity can motivate 互动具有激励性Interactivity can clarify 互动能澄清问题Interactivity can overwhelm 互动可能挤占其他活动

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Content Formats (II) 内容形式（二）

• Media Richness 媒体丰富度• Audio 音频• Video 视频• Animations 动画片• Simulations 模拟• Images 图像• additional / auxilary media formats 额外 / 辅助性媒体形式

• Closely connected to: Bandwidth friendliness 与带宽友好性有紧密联系

Media richness is expensive 媒体丰富度耗资昂贵Media richness costs bandwidth媒体丰富度需要宽带Media richness takes time to produce媒体丰富度需要时间来完成Media richness can make eLearning more interesting媒体丰富度能使电子学习更有趣

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Content Formats (III) 内容形式（三）

• Professional content 专业内容• instructionally prepared content 专门准备的具有指导性的内容• professional media and interaction 专业媒体和互动

•Rapid content creation 快速内容制作• Self generated content by trainers 由受训者自己生成内容• usage of authoring tools 使用创作工具

•User generated content 用户生成内容

• content from practice 从实践中获得的内容

Professional content is appealing and motivating专业内容具有吸引力和激励性Professional content is expensive专业内容耗资昂贵Rapid content is adapted to the training process快速内容与培训过程相适应Rapid content can reach a certain level of professionality快速内容可以达到一定水准的专业性User generated content comes from the practice and is relevant 用户生成内容来自于实践，具有相关性User generated content might vary in quality 用户生成内容在质量上参差不齐

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Content Formats (IV) 内容形式（四）

• Content Levels 内容等级• Overview content (beginners level)•综述性内容（入门级）• In-depth content (expert level)•深入性内容（专家级）• Branched content (to different levels)•分支性内容（分向不同级别）

Overview content: raise common level before workshop综述性内容：在研讨会前提高一般水平In-depth content: self study or further learning after a

workshop深入性内容：自学互或研讨会后进一步学习Branched content: cater to different target groups within one module or course分支性内容：在一个模块或课程中迎合不同目标群体的需要

线性内容—无分支

探索性方法

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Content Formats (V) 内容形式（五）

• Instructional Approaches 教学方法• Content centered 内容为中心• Learner centered 学员为中心• Process oriented 过程为导向• Case Study approach 案例研究方法

Content centered: if content knowledge is required for certification内容为中心：如果该知识是认证所必须的Learner centered: if attitudal transformations are expected学员为中心：如果期待态度上的转变Process oriented: if a knowledge and skill are required to perform a specific process过程为导向：如果为了执行一个特殊过程必须具备该知识和技能Case Study: to assist learners to apply knowledge to situations they know案例分析：帮助学员将知识应用于其熟悉的情况

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Content Formats (VI) 内容形式（六）

• Testing 测试• Self-testing 自测

• Multiple choice 单项选择• Fill the gap 填空• Matching, etc. 连线等

• Testing for certification / accreditation•认证 / 鉴定测试

Testing can help learners to benchmark their own progress 测试可以帮助学员了解自身的学习进展Testing can be basis for certification 测试是认证的基础With online testing, user identification is not 100% possible 使用在线测试不能百分百保证用户的身份

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eLearning Implementation: 电子学习实施：Workflow / Processes & Tools 工作流程 / 过程以及工具

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For successful eLearning, You need…想获得成功的电子学习，你需要……

…a team that understands the task and is trained for it一个理解这个任务且训练有素的团队

…high quality content with an added value over existing material, inte- gration into f2f比现有材料更有价值的高质量内容，并整合并入面对面培训

…motivated learners with a specific demand / need as well as learner support有明确学习需求的高积极性学员和学员支持服务

…a learning management system for the distribution

of learning content and 一个分配学习内容的学习管理系统以及

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The one not without the other… 必不可少的……

Your eLearning Team你的电子学习团队

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Phase I 第一阶段 Strategy, Team &Training 战略，

团队以及培训

Phase III 第三阶段Setup of eLearning Server 设置电子学习

服务器

Phase II 第二阶段Development / Production

of Pilot Module(s) 发展 / 制作试行模块

Phase IV 第四阶段Trial Run and

Evaluation 测试运行与评估

Phase V 第五阶段Revision

(Processes / Products)修改 ( 过

程 /产品 )

Phase VI 第六阶段Rollout

Development/Integration of other Modules上线发展 / 整合加入其它模块

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The one not without the other… 必不可少的部分……

Successful eLearning Implementation Process 成功电子学习的实施过程

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eLearning Implementation Process 电子学习实施过程The most important steps:最重要的步骤是：

• eLearning Strategy 电子学习战略 (project plan, target group, strategic partners, involved institutions …) （项目计划、目标群体、战略伙伴、相关机构……）

• Team Building and Training团队建设与培训 (eLearning management, instructional design, content matter experts support, production, administration) （电子学习管理，教学设计、内容方面的专家支持、制作和管理）

• Decision for Pilot Module 试行模块的决定 (content structure, quality, depth, instructional design) （内容结构、质量、深度和教学设计）

• Production of Pilot Module 试行模块的制作 (media design, production) （媒体设计、制作）

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eLearning Implementation Process 电子学习实施过程The most important steps:最重要的步骤：

• Decision for eLearning Management System (LMS) 电子学习管理系统（ LMS ）的决定 (list of requirements, open source or commercial platform) （要求列表、开源或商业平台）

• Setup of eLearning Platform建立电子学习平台 (installation, testing, training of admin) （安装、测试、管理员培训）

• Testing of Pilot Course on Platform 在平台上测试试点课程 (trial run, tutoring/support,evaluation) （试运行、教辅 / 支持、评估）

• Review and Updating审核与升级 (reviewing course results, platform evaluation required updates) （课程结果的审核、平台评估所要求的升级）

• Roll-out 上线 (creating additional offers/modules, services, change management) （创建更多内容 / 模块、服务、变更管理）

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eLearning Workflow 电子学习工作流程

Required activities in the production of eLearning content 制作电子学习内容需要的活动

• Authoring of content 内容的创作• Instructional Design 教学设计• Media Development / Production媒体开发 /制作• Upload on Learning Management System / CD- Production向学习管理系统上传 /制作 CD

•Administration (technical and user) （技术及用户）管理• Learner Support / Tutoring 学员支持 / 教学辅导

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eLearning Authoring Tools 电子学习创作工具

Typical Authoring Formats典型的创作形式• HTML / XML• Flash / Powerpoint to Flash Flash/幻灯片到 Flash• Java Script Java脚本• Native mobile Apps本地移动应用

Authoring Tools 创作工具• Integrated in Learning platforms or standalone: 整合入电子学习平台或单机形式存在

• Articulate • Outstart LearnCube• Camtasia• WebSoft CourseLab • eXeLearning• Giunti Labs learn eXact • time4you ContentSolutions (CoSo)• Adobe Flash

and 300+

还有 300多个

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eLearning Authoring Tools 电子学习创作工具

Standards / Compliance:标准 / 要求服从：• SCORM – 1.2, 1.4, 2004 (Shareable Courseware Object Reference Model) （共享内容对象参考模型）• AICC (Aviation Industry CBT Committee) （航空工业计算机辅助培训委员会）• IMS QTI (Test Question Interoperability) （问题测试可互操作规范 )

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eLearning Workflow 电子学习工作流程

Required activities in the production and distribution of eLearning content 电子学习生产和分配中所要求的活动

• Authoring of content 内容的创作• Instructional Design 教学设计• Media Development / Production媒体发展 /制作• Upload on Learning Management System / CD- Production向学习管理系统上传 /制作 CD

• Administration (technical and user) （技术与用户）管理• Learner Support / Tutoring （学员支持 / 教学辅导）

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Distribution methods: Online Delivery 分配方法：在线交付

• LMS （学习管理系统） / LCMS （学习内容管理系统）• moodle• Ilias• WebCT• Saba• Outstart LMS• ReadyGo• IBT Server • BlackBoard…

Advantages:优势：• Admission, rights and permissions, user management 准入、权利与许可、用户管理• Reporting mechanisms / statistical record of usage报告机制 / 使用数据记录• Online certification, testing 在线认证、测试

Disadvantages:劣势• Installation and maintainance of an extra tool 需要对额外工具进行安装和维护• Time and financial resources tied up 需要占用大量时间和财务资源

and 700+

还有 700多个

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Features of Learning Management Systems 学习管理系统的特点• Learner registration and profiles 学员注册和输入资料• Participant data 参与者数据• Creation and management of courses 制作和管理课程• Assigning roles (lecturer, participant, tutor, administrator,…)分配角色（讲师、参与者、指导老师、管理员）• Testing 测试• Communication tools 交流工具• Uploading learning content, material and media 上传学习内容，材料和媒体• distribution of content and media 分配内容和媒体• monitoring evaluation of courses监督课程评估• Certificate generation证书生成• reports and statistics报告和统计数据

Management of Learning processes: both for online learning and face to face courses 学习过程管理：同时针对电子学习和面对面课程

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Contact 联系方式

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