eleanor carter-silk blue carbon phd outline
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Socio-Economic value of the marine ecosystem service of gas and climate regulationEleanor Carter-Silk
Outline
• Background• Why is socio-economic valuation important?• Explanation of ecosystem services• Previous work valuing gas and climate
regulation• The scope of my project• How it fits into the big picture
Me
• Ocean Science BSc Hons• Started PhD in October 2010• Funded by UKERC• Part of UKERC Sparks early career network
Supervisory Team:
Dr Melanie Austen (PML)Dr Nicola Beaumont (PML)Dr William Cheung (UEA)Dr Kevin Hiscock (UEA)
Why is socio-economic valuation important?
• Taking into account the value of marine resources allows improved management – No longer treating the marine environment as “free”
• Spatial planning
“Gas and climate regulation”• The balance and maintenance of the chemical
composition of the atmosphere and oceans by marine living organisms (Beaumont et al., 2007)
• The regulation of atmospheric chemical composition e.g. CO2/O2, O3, and SOx levels. The regulation of global temperature, precipitation, and other biologically mediated climatic processes e.g. GHG regulation and DMS production (Costanza et al., 1997)
Previous studies valuing gas and climate regulation
Scope Method Limitations and Assumptions
Reference
Global valuation of ecosystem services
Detailed Literature review and carbon cycle estimates
Over simplification of the carbon cycle
Costanza et al,
(1997)
UK valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem services
Estimates of primary production
Only considered Primary Productivity
Beaumont et al.
(2007, 2008)
Regulatory services in the Isles of Scilly
SeaWiFS and literature search of carbon fixation by benthic producers
Only considered Primary Productivity
Mangi et al. (2010)
Steady state of carbon flow
ATM exchange
Carbon
Burial
Marine renewable energy
Carbon produced through production
Carbon not produced by avoiding use of fossil fuels
Climate change
EcosystemChange
Change in Carbon Budget
Air sea exchange
Benthic community structure
Hydrodynamics
Flow of nutrients
Presence of fish/fishing
Remineralisation
Food Web
Burial of POM
Social Cost of carbonDamage Avoided
Mitigation CostDiscounting
Steady state of carbon flow
ATM exchange
Carbon
Burial
Marine renewable energy
Carbon produced through production
Carbon not produced by avoiding use of fossil fuels
Climate change
EcosystemChange
Change in Carbon Budget
The value of 1 tonne of carbonSocial Cost of
carbonMethod Citation
$23tC-1 Damage Avoided Franhauser (1994)
$5tC-1 Damage Avoided Tol (2005)
$16tC-1 Moving towards cost of mitigation
Stern (2006)
$42.04 (2008)
$55.04 (2020)
Cost of mitigation Dec (2009)
Methodology for policy, including spatial policy
decisions
Determination of how gas and climate regulating service, and its value, change under
different futures
Social Cost of carbon
Damage Avoided
Mitigation Cost
Steady state of carbon flow
ATM exchange
Carbon
Burial
Marine renewable energy
Carbon produced through production
Carbon not produced by avoiding use of fossil fuels
Climate change
EcosystemChange
Change in Carbon Budget
Discounting
Final Outputs
Summary
• Gas and climate regulation is one service within many
• Previous work has used only primary production• An in-depth knowledge of the movements of
carbon at the planning scale aids decision making
• Once carbon movement is determined, the price of carbon attached is debatable
• By improving work in this field the value of this service can be expressed in policy
Eleanor Carter-Silk: [email protected]