Elbow Joint

Elbow Anatomy

Elbow joint is made of 3 bones 2 joints One capsule Hinge joint Flexion(145) and extension

Elbow Anatomy

Elbow joint- where the radius and ulna articulate with the humerus.

Flexion and extension-hinge joint

Elbow Anatomy

Radialulnar joint- where the radius and ulna articulate. How many of this joint are there???

Elbow Anatomy

Radioulnar joint is a pivot joint. It allows supination and pronation.

Elbow Anatomy

The ulna does not move. The radius moves around the ulna. The ulna is locked in place by the

proximal end at the olecranon process.

Elbow Anatomy

Infraglenoid tubercle- inferior lip of the glenoid fossa, where the long head of triceps attaches.

Elbow Anatomy

Supraglenoid tubercle- superior portion of the glenoid fossa. Where the long head of biceps attaches.

Elbow Anatomy

Capitulum- lateral side of joint, it articulates with the radius.

Elbow Anatomy

Medial epicondyle- medial side of humerus at distal end just above trochlea. Pronator teres attachment.

Elbow Anatomy

Lateral epicondyle- located on lateral side of distal end above capitulum. Anconeus and supinator attach.

Elbow Anatomy

Olecranon fossa- posterior surface of the humerus between the medial and lateral epicondyles.

Elbow Anatomy

Olecranon process- proximal end of ulna, on posterior surface. The point of elbow where triceps attaches.

Elbow Anatomy

Trochlea- located on the medial side of the distal end of the humerus. Articulates with ulna.

Elbow Anatomy

Coronoid Process- just below the trochlear notch and next to the radial notch. Attachment for brachilis.

Elbow Anatomy

Styloid Process- distal end of the lateral/medial surface at the ulna or radius.

Elbow Anatomy

Ulnar head- distal end on the lateral surface, radial head pronates around it.

Elbow Anatomy

Radial head- proximal end, where it articulates with the capitulum.

Elbow Anatomy

Radial tuberosity- attachment for the biceps muscle. On medial side of radius just distal to the radial head.

Elbow Ligaments

Medial Collateral Ligament- runs from medial epicondyle of humerus to the medial side of coranoid process and olecranon process.

Elbow Ligaments

Lateral collateral ligament- attaches proximally to the lateral epicondyle and distally to the lateral ulna and annular ligament.

Elbow Ligaments

Annular Ligament- encompasses radial head at the radial notch and hold it against the ulna. (red)

Elbow

Interosseous membrane- broad flat membrane is located between the radius and ulna for most of their length.

Epicondylitis

Overuse of the tendon attached to the epicondyle of the humerus.

Faulty technique/mechanics, weak muscles or improper equipment.

Can be on lateral side- tennis or golfers elbow

Can be on the medial side- pitcher’s elbow

Epicondylitis

Signs and Sx Pain over

epicondyle Increase pain with

wrist flexion or extension

Elbow contracture

Treatment Proper technique Proper equipment Good warm up with

slow increase in intensity

Stretching RICE

Young Athlete’s Elbow Injury

Little Leaguer’s elbow-repetitive action resulting in elbow pain in young

The elbow area is the last epiphyseal center to close so injuries can occur.

Young Athlete’s Elbow Injury

Little Leaguers elbow can result in in varies fractures or bone growths.

Dislocations

Elbow is the second most commonly dislocated major joint.

Most often the ulna/radius dislocate posterior to the humerus.

MOI- fall of outstretched arm with elbow locked in extension.

Dislocations

Signs and Sx Obvious deformity Check circulation

and nerve function

Treatment Immobilization Wrist strengthening

and then progress to elbow

RICE

Fractures to Elbow/Forarm

Often occurs due to a direct blow or a fall on outstretched arm.

Most common childhood injury, often involves the epiphysis.

Fractures to Elbow/Forarm

Signs and Sx Point tenderness Possible deformity Swelling Limited ROM

Treatment Immobilization RICE Strengthening of

the joints surrounding and then whole arm when cast is removed.Splinting?Splinting?

Elbow/Forearm Muscles

Brachialis- attaches distal half of the humerus to the coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity of ulna.

Elbow/Forearm Muscles

Biceps Brachii Long head-supraglenoid tubercle,

through bicipital groove, joins with the Short head- comes from the coracoid

process Both combine to inset onto the radial

tuberosity.

Elbow/Forearm Muscles

Brachioradilis- attached to humerus just slightly above the lateral epicondyle, crosses the elbow anterior and lateral to attach on the styloid process of the radius.

Brachialis, Biceps Brachioradialis

Primary Function of these three muscles is what??????

Elbow/Forearm Muscles

Triceps brachii-entire muscle mass of posterior arm. It attaches to the olecranon process when all 3 heads of the muscle combine. Function is extension. Radial nerve.

Elbow/Forearm Muscles

Anconeus- helps the triceps with extension and keeps the annular ligament out of the olecranon fossa.

Elbow/Forearm Muscles

Pronator teres- cordlike shape is teres, and pronation is its pimary action. Mostly superficial muscle.

Elbow/Forearm Muscles

Pronator quadratus- small flat quadrilateral muscle that pronates the wrist. Deep muscle at distal end of forearm.

Elbow/Forearm Muscles

Supinator- deep muscle that wraps around the elbow joint laterally from posterior to anterior surfaces.