el rayo laser

7/18/2019 El Rayo Laser

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EL RAYO LA



EL LASER EN LA VIDA

CO TIDIANA



¿QUE CAMBIO EL R

LASER?



LA H I S T O

R IA D E L

LA S E R



COMO SURGE EL LASER Y CON QUEFUNDAMENTOS

(1916-1960)

L !"# "#$ $%&#' &'!* "# '#$+!,' +,+#./,&%&!+,& +,2, #$ "# $ #2!&!* #&/!2$" 3"!4#'#/#& /5+!+& "#&'',$$"& # #$ $,'/,'!,+, /#'!,'!"" +,2, #$ ,2#, *./!+, , #$ 2%&#'(4+!,2!#/, %&!+, "#$ 2!+',,"&)

E$ .'!2#' $&#' 4+!,", # $,'/,'!,.'#+!* # 1960 &! #2', /'"', 7'!,& 8,&

.' # $ +'#+!* 3 4&!* "# "!7#'&& /#,':&"!#' +,2, '#&$/", #$ $&#'



TEORIA DE LA EMISION ES T

IMULADA

(1916-191;)

• Conceptofundamental,desarrollado

por Einstein.



PRIMERAS OBSER VACIO

NES QUE INDICABAN

LA E<IS TENCIA DE LA E

MISION ES TIMULADA

(19=>)

• R",$4 L"#' 3 H&,.4#'2 +,2.',', $/#,': "# E!&/#! 3 #&/"!', $.',.+!* "# $ $@ /'75& "# & #* .'#7!2#/##+!/", 2#"!/# "#&+'



SEGUNDA CORROBORACION

E<PERIMEN TAL DE LA EMISION

ES TIMULADA

• !$$!& E L2 ' Y R,#'/C R#/#'4,'" #&/"!",$ #&/'+/' "#$%/,2, "# !"'*#,

!"#/!+', "# #7, $.'#&#+! "# $ #2!&!*#&/!2$" # &&,&#'7+!,#&



PRIMER LASER FUNCIONAND EN ELLABORATIRIO(LASER DE RUBI 1960)

• S+$, T,#& 3 G,$" #&/ +,7#+!",&"# # /#! # &#' +, 2#"!, +/!7, "# &

• H#,",'# H,'" M!2 +'#, #$ .'!2#' $&#'/!$!@", '! +,2, 2#"!, +/!7, 3+,&!&/!, %&!+2#/# #

•

U +'!&/$ "# ': ',"#", .,' $%2.' "#& .' ,2#' #$ +'!&/$ +", $$%2.' &# .,: 4+!,' .'#+: $@ $%&#'"# +,$,' ',, .,' , "# $,& #/'#2,& "#$+'!&/$

• JJKLA ERA DEL LASER HABIA NACIDOK



LASERLIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION(AMPLIFICACION DE LU POR EMISION DE RADIACION)

•

Light (luz): '##'# $ '"!+!* #$#+/',25/!+ $/'7!,$#/ 7!&!$# , !4'• Amli!"#ti$% &' Stimul#t Emi**i$%: E$ $%&#' /!## $ +.+!"" "# 2

$ $@ /'75& "#$ 4#*2#, "# #2!&!* #&/!2$"K

POR DEFINIC

ION

• E$ ' 3, $%&#' #&

(- &!& /#2 "#

2.$! ++!*- "# $ $( @ 9(# .',"(+#

“+# '$* "$i%"i)(%

t(*” "# #-,'2#

!- /#-&!""1 $,& +(

$#& .'#&#- /- ,-"

& "#

!)($ 4'#+(#-+! 9

(# &!#2.'# #& /%- #-

4&#6



“RAYO COINCIDEN!E”E$ $&#' ##' ,"& $2!,&& +,

,%i"# l$%gitu- "# ," # 4&# & +,,/'& 3 /,"& # $ mi*m# i+""i.%-



CARAC !ER" !ICA

• Monocromaticidad: #2!/# '"!+!* #$#+/',25/!+ "# &,$ $,!/" "# ,"

• Coherencia espacial odireccionabilidad: $ '"!+!* $%&#'/!## "!7#'#+! 23 .##8

• Coherencia temporal (Rayos

coincidentes): $ $@ $%&#' &#/'&2!/# "# 2,", .'$#$, # !+ "!'#++!*



CO#PONEN!E DE$RAYO$AER



ESPEOS

•

E$ $&#' +#/ +, ",& #&.#,&.'$#$,& # $,& #/'#2,& "#$+$#, , '##/# 3 ,/',&#2!'##/# # .#'2!/# #$ .&,"# .'/# "# $@ # $# $$#

• L,& 4,/,#& +'#",& # #$ +$#,'#,/ # $,& #&.#,& +'#", &

7#& 2& 4,/,#& 3 ,& "# #$$,&#&+. .,' #$ #&.#, &#2!'##/#+'#", #$ $&#' 7!&!$#

REFLEANTE



EL E<I TADOR

• S# #+#/' $", "#$ +$#, & 4+!* #& #+!/' $,& #$#+/',#& "#$ 2"#$ # #&/ +,2.#&/, #$ +$#,

• E&/# .#"# &#' $%2.' "# "#&/#$$,& , ",& #$#+/',",& # .',"+# "#&+' "# $/ /#&!*

L e%citaci&n #& #$#7+!*

##': "# &!&/#2 4:&!+, .,' "# ##': "# '#4#'#+! '!/''



“N'C$EO

”• E& #$ 2#"!, # ","# &# ##' $,&

4,/,#& #!&/# &,$!",& "# & 3&#2!+,"+/,'#&



LASER CON NUC

LEO

DE GAS



LASER DE GASNEUTRO (H#-N#)

U&, #/#"!", .#', 3 &&/!/!", .,' $%&#'#& "#&#2!+,"+/,'

C,2.+/, .,'/%/!$ 3 &#+!$$, # .$!++!,#& #, '#!#' $/ .,/#+!

L,!/" "# ," 6=> 2 ',,

L' 7!"

H# (>) N# (1)

E+!/+!* .,' "#&+'

U&, I2.'#&!* $&#' $#+/,'#& "# +*"!, "# ''&$!#2!#/,& 2#/',$,: #/+



LASER DE GASIONIADO (A'*)

M$/!.$#& $:#& "# #2!&!* 7!&!$# 3 # $/'7!,$#/>> 2 (@$)

1 2 (7#'"#)

O" +,/!

M3,' .,/#+! # , "# (N#-H#) .#', 2#,' 7!"

F+!, +, & ,$# !,!@", 2#"!/#

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C7!"" "# &/ =2

U&,& 2#"!+! 2#/',$,: !2.'#&,'& ,$,'#/+



LASER MOLECULAR (CO=)

B,2#, /'75& "# !/'*#, (# ,+&!,#& H#)P,/#+! "# "#+#& "# !$,7/!,&

I&/$+!, +,2.$# 3 +'

E2!&!, "# ," +,/! , # .$&,&

R#"!2!#/, "# &/ #$ 0

C,/##",'#& (/,&) "# 7'!,& 2#/',&

U&,& +,'/# &,$""' .#'4,'", 2#"!+! 3+!'!



LASER DE E<IMERO

M,$5+$& "!/*!+& # .#"# #&/' #+!/"&+, 7!" 2#"!

G& ,$# (A' ' <#) H$*#, ( F C$ B' I)

E2!&!* $/'7!,$#/

R5!2# "# .$&,&

E+!/+!* .,' "#&+'

C,'/ 7!" .,+ +$!"" "#$ @

U&,& 4,/,'4: $/'7!,$#/ 3 +!': ,+$'



BASADO EN IONES DENEODIMIO

R5!2# "# ," .$&", , +,/!,L,!/" "# ," "# 106 2!+'& =2 &/=2

M/#'!$ .'!+!.$ YAG (YA$O1=) #,"!2!, +,2,!2.'#@ $ =

P,' /'$#@ #& !4'',, .#', .,' $ ".$!++!* 3/'!.$!++!* "# $,!/" "# ," &$2#/# #& 7#'"#

U&,& .',+#&,& "# 2/#'!$#& 2#"!+! "#/#++!*#/+



LASERES VIBRONICOS

(AFIRO)C'7 "# +! 2& + "# $,& $%&#'#& "##&/", &,$!",

A'+ +&! /,", #$ ', 7!&!$# ! !4''',,

P#"# &#' ",$",& # 4'#+#+!

R#!2# +,/!, , .$&",

B,2#, +, ,/', $&#'

U&,& .$&2& #2!&!* "# '3,& #/+



LASER DE DIODOSEMICONDUCTOR

D!2#&!,#& .##8&

R##+/!7!"" # $ &.#'+!# 0 -0

F'#+#+! 7'!$#

U&,& $#+/,' "# CDW& !2.'#&,'&/#$#+,2!++!,#& #/+

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