El presente El presente perfectoperfecto

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¿Qué es el presente ¿Qué es el presente perfecto?perfecto?

The present perfect is The present perfect is formed by combining a formed by combining a helping verb (“have” or helping verb (“have” or “has”) with the past “has”) with the past participleparticiple

Por ejemplo…Por ejemplo…

For example:For example: I I have playedhave played tennis. tennis.She She has sunghas sung at weddings. at weddings.We We have flownhave flown in a plane. in a plane.

Para formar in inglésPara formar in inglés

To form the present participle we To form the present participle we combine the helping verb “have/has” combine the helping verb “have/has” with a past participlewith a past participle For example, “I For example, “I have beenhave been a a

lifeguard.” lifeguard.” ““I” is the subjectI” is the subject““have” is the helping verbhave” is the helping verb““been” is the past participlebeen” is the past participle

Para formar en españolPara formar en español In Spanish we form the present In Spanish we form the present

participle by combining the present participle by combining the present tense of the verb tense of the verb haber haber (the helping (the helping verb, or verb, or el verbo auxiliarel verbo auxiliar)) with a past with a past participleparticiple For example:For example:

Yo Yo he bailadohe bailado..I have danced.I have danced.

Nosotros no Nosotros no hemos estudiadohemos estudiado para el para el examen.examen.We haven’t studied for the test.We haven’t studied for the test.

The present tense of The present tense of haberhaber

hehe hemoshemos

hashas habéishabéis

haha hanhan

Remember…Remember…

How to form the past participleHow to form the past participle:: For –For –arar verbs, take the stem of the verbs, take the stem of the

verb and add –verb and add –adoado

Example: comprar Example: comprar →→ compradocomprado For For –er–er and and –ir–ir verbs, take the stem verbs, take the stem

of the verb and add of the verb and add –ido–ido

Example: tener Example: tener →→ tenidotenido

Para formar…Para formar…

Here are the present perfect Here are the present perfect forms of forms of estudiar:estudiar:

he estudiadohe estudiado hemos hemos estudiadoestudiado

has has estudiadoestudiado

habéis habéis estudiadoestudiado

ha estudiadoha estudiado han han estudiadoestudiado

Para formar…Para formar…

As you can see I have combined As you can see I have combined the present forms of the present forms of haber haber (the (the helping verbs)helping verbs)

hehe hemoshemos

hashas habéishabéis

haha hanhan

……with the with the pastpast participle of participle of estudiarestudiar

hehe hemoshemos

hashas habéishabéis

haha hanhan

estudiado estudiado estudiadoestudiado

estudiadoestudiado estudiadoestudiado

estudiadoestudiado estudiadoestudiado

Now you try…Now you try…

he ________he ________ hemos hemos ______________

has ________has ________ habéis habéis ________________

ha ________ha ________ han ________han ________

On a sheet of paper, see if you can figure out the present perfect forms for the verb hablar:

he habladohe hablado hemos hemos habladohablado

has habladohas hablado habéis habéis habladohablado

ha habladoha hablado han habladohan hablado

Is this what you came up with?

Let’s try another…Let’s try another…

Now see if you can form the present Now see if you can form the present perfect forms of the verb perfect forms of the verb tomar:tomar:

__ __________ ________ ____ ___________ _______

___ ___________ ________ _____ _____________ ________

__ __________ ________ ___ ___________ ________

Is this what you got?Is this what you got?

he tomadohe tomado hemos hemos tomadotomado

has tomadohas tomado habéis habéis tomadotomado

ha tomadoha tomado han tomadohan tomado

Now let’s try an Now let’s try an –er –er verbverb

See if you can come up with the See if you can come up with the present perfect forms for present perfect forms for comercomer::

__ ________ ______ _____ ___________ ______

___ _________ ______ ______ ____________ ______

__ ________ ______ ___ _________ ______

Is this what you came up with?Is this what you came up with?

he comidohe comido hemos hemos comidocomido

has comidohas comido habéis habéis comidocomido

ha comidoha comido han comidohan comido

Let’s try another one…see if you can Let’s try another one…see if you can come up with the present perfect come up with the present perfect tense of tense of irir::

__ _____ ___ _____ ________ ___

___ ______ ___ ______ _________ ___

__ _____ ___ ___ _________ ______

Is this what you came up with?Is this what you came up with?

he idohe ido hemos idohemos ido

has idohas ido habéis idohabéis ido

ha idoha ido han idohan ido

Many of you may have assumed that Many of you may have assumed that ir ir had an irregular past participle. had an irregular past participle. Afterall, it Afterall, it doesdoes have an irregular have an irregular presentpresent participle. But participle. But irir is actually is actually regular in this tense. Here are some regular in this tense. Here are some verbs that verbs that areare irregular in the past irregular in the past participle:participle:

Not exactly irregular Not exactly irregular but…but…

-er -er and and –ir –ir verbs whose stems end in verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending a vowel have past participles ending in in –ído–ído

caer caer →→ caídocaído creer creer →→ creídocreído

leer leer →→ leídoleído oír oír →→ oídooído

reír reír →→ reídoreído traer traer →→ traídotraído

IrregularsIrregulars

The following verbs have irregular past The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in participles ending in –to:–to:

abrir abrir →→ abiertoabierto cubrir cubrir →→ cubiertocubiertodescubrir descubrir →→ descubiertodescubierto escribir escribir →→ escritoescritomorir morir →→ muertomuerto poner poner →→ puestopuestoromper romper →→ rotoroto ver ver →→ vistovisto

volver volver →→ vueltovuelto

More irregularsMore irregulars

These verbs have irregular past These verbs have irregular past participles ending in participles ending in –cho:–cho:

decir decir →→ dichodicho

hacer hacer →→ hechohecho

¡Practicamos!¡Practicamos!

See if you can form the correct present See if you can form the correct present perfect using the subject and verb given.perfect using the subject and verb given.Modelo: yo / decidir Modelo: yo / decidir →→ He decididoHe decidido

1.1. ella / abrirella / abrirHa abiertoHa abierto

2.2. Marta y yo / tocarMarta y yo / tocarHemos tocadoHemos tocado

3.3. Gonzalo / crecerGonzalo / crecerHa crecidoHa crecido

4.4. Tú y tus amigos / reírTú y tus amigos / reírHan reído Han reído óó habéis reído habéis reído

5.5. Mis padres / hacerMis padres / hacerHan hechoHan hecho

6.6. Tus abuelos / cubrirTus abuelos / cubrirHan cubiertoHan cubierto

7.7. Rogelio y Ramón / escribirRogelio y Ramón / escribirHan escritoHan escrito