El presente perfecto

Español IIICapítulo 5

14.03.2006

¿Qué es el presente perfecto?

The present perfect is formed by combining a helping verb (“have” or “has”) with the past participle

Por ejemplo…

For example:I have played tennis.She has sung at weddings.We have flown in a plane.

Para formar in inglés

To form the present participle we combine the helping verb “have/has” with a past participle For example, “I have been a

lifeguard.” “I” is the subject“have” is the helping verb“been” is the past participle

Para formar en español

In Spanish we form the present participle by combining the present tense of the verb haber (the helping verb, or el verbo auxiliar) with a past participle For example:

Yo he bailado.I have danced.

Nosotros no hemos estudiado para el examen.We haven’t studied for the test.

The present tense of haber

he hemos

has habéis

ha han

Remember…

How to form the past participle: For –ar verbs, take the stem of the

verb and add –adoExample: comprar → comprado

For –er and –ir verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ido

Example: tener → tenido

Para formar…

Here are the present perfect forms of estudiar:

he estudiado hemos estudiado

has estudiado

habéis estudiado

ha estudiado han estudiado

Para formar…

As you can see I have combined the present forms of haber (the helping verbs)

he hemos

has habéis

ha han

…with the past participle of estudiar

he hemos

has habéis

ha han

estudiado estudiado

estudiado estudiado

estudiado estudiado

Now you try…

he ________ hemos _______

has ________ habéis ________

ha ________ han ________

On a sheet of paper, see if you can figure out the present perfect forms for the verb hablar:

he hablado hemos hablado

has hablado habéis hablado

ha hablado han hablado

Is this what you came up with?

Let’s try another…

Now see if you can form the present perfect forms of the verb tomar:

__ ________ ____ _______

___ ________ _____ ________

__ ________ ___ ________

Is this what you got?

he tomado hemos tomado

has tomado habéis tomado

ha tomado han tomado

Now let’s try an –er verb

See if you can come up with the present perfect forms for comer:

__ ______ _____ ______

___ ______ ______ ______

__ ______ ___ ______

Is this what you came up with?

he comido hemos comido

has comido habéis comido

ha comido han comido

Let’s try another one…see if you can come up with the present perfect tense of ir:

__ ___ _____ ___

___ ___ ______ ___

__ ___ ___ ______

Is this what you came up with?

he ido hemos ido

has ido habéis ido

ha ido han ido

Many of you may have assumed that ir had an irregular past participle. After all, it does have an irregular present participle. But ir is actually regular in this tense. Here are some verbs that are irregular in the past participle:

Not exactly irregular but…

-er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in –ído

caer → caído creer → creídoleer → leído oír → oídoreír → reído traer → traído

Irregulars

The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to:

abrir → abierto cubrir → cubiertodescubrir → descubierto escribir → escritomorir → muerto poner → puestoromper → roto ver → visto

volver → vuelto

More irregulars

These verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho:

decir → dichohacer → hecho

¡Practiquemos!

See if you can form the correct present perfect using the subject and verb given.Modelo: yo / decidir → He decidido1. ella / abrir

Ha abierto2. Marta y yo / tocar

Hemos tocado3. Gonzalo / crecer

Ha crecido

4. Tú y tus amigos / reírHan reído ó habéis reído

5. Mis padres / hacerHan hecho

6. Tus abuelos / cubrirHan cubierto

7. Rogelio y Ramón / escribirHan escrito

Y para más práctica…

Miren en la página 214 de su texto.