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EL-210 Touchstone32012

Content

IOngoingtests:

Test1A pp.3-7

Test1B pp.8-12

Test2App.13-17

Test2B pp.18-22

Test3App.23-29

Test3B pp.30-36

Test4App.36-43

Test4B pp.44-49

IILaboratorylessonsonGrammar:

1Clausesofresult:So/Such(a/an)..pp.50-55

2ClausesofPurpose..pp.56-60

3Reportedspeech..pp.61-67

IIIReadingtexts:

Text1Pre-intermediateReadingComprehensionTest-4..p.68

Text2Pre-intermediateReadingComprehensionTest-1.p.69

Text3Pre-intermediateReadingComprehensionTest-20..

p.70

Text4Pre-intermediateReadingComprehensionTest-22p.71

Text5Pre-intermediateReadingComprehensionTest-23p.72

Text6IntermediateReadingComprehensionTest-19..p.73

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Text7IntermediateReadingComprehensionTest-20..p.74

Text8AdvanceReadingComprehensionTest-08p.75

IV

Speaking

section:

Conversations

1. Tellmemore!.p.76

2. Familygripes.pp.77

3. ImOKfornow.p.77

4. Whatareyoudoingafterwork?.....p.78

5. Breakingupishardtodo....p.79

6. Idchoose...p.80

7. Step-by-step..... p.81

8. Istillhaventseenit....p.82

VKeytotests

KeytoTest1A..pp.83-84

KeytoTest1B..pp.85-86







VIKeytoLaboratory1... pp.102-103

KeytoLaboratory2.pp.104-106

KeytoLaboratory3.pp.107-108

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Test1AUnits1-3

Duration:80minutes

A

Listen to twopeople tella littleabout themselves.Check(

) thefourwordsthatbestdescribeeachperson.

1.Vanessaathletic competitive patient rudeselfish fast unreliabledown-to-earth

2.Adamdemanding lazy talented outgoing

laid-back organized stressed shy

BCompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectadjectiveoradverbformofthewordsinparentheses.

Paulandhisbossdontgetalongvery___________(good).

Theyseealotofthings________________(different).Paulthinkshes

a______________(careful)

worker.

He

likes

todo

a

job_______________(proper).Inhisopinion,heworksvery

___________(hard).

CCheck()thecorrectwordforeachperson.

1.WhenDanplaysasport,hewantstowin.

competitive easygoing friendly

2.Martalovestobewithpeople.arrogant helpful outgoing

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3.Sallylikestogivethingstoherfriends.honest generous practical

D

Complete

the

conversations

with

the

words

in

parentheses

and

the

presentperfect.Usecontractionswherepossible.1.AIwanttogotoAfricanextyear.I__________(never/travel)there.BMaybeweshouldgotogether.I__________________________(always/want)toseetheanimals.

2.AI_____________(not/try)Indonesianfood.Ihearitsverygood.BYeah,itis.I_____________(eat)itseveraltimes,andIlikeitalot.

ERewritethesenegativesentences.Addaprefixtotheadjectivestogive

theoppositemeaningandusethewordsinparentheses.

Example:Myco-workerisnthonest.My co worker is totally dishonest.(totally)

1.Myroommateisntorganized._____________________.(extremely)

2.Youngpeoplearentconsiderate. ___________________.(pretty)

3.Ourneighborsarentfriendly. __________________.(really)

4.Mysisterisntareliableperson. _______________.(incredibly)

FCompletetheconversations.WritequestionswithHaveyouever...?andshortanswers.Example:

A Haveyoueverdone

anythingdangerous?(doanythingdangerous)

B

Yes,

I

have

.

I

jumped

off

a

moving

train

once.

1.A_________________________________________?(winacontest)B_______________________.Iwon$100inadancingcontestonce.

2.A__________________________________________?(breakaleg)B________________________.Ivebeenluckythatway.

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GComplete theconversationwith thepresentperfector thesimplepast.

Usecontractionswherepossible.

Amy ____________youever_______(be)toJapan,Steve?

Steve

Yes,actually!I___________(go)toKyotojustlastweekon

business.

I______________(get)homeyesterday!

Amy Oh,wow!Youknow,I_______________(go)toJapanseveraltimeson

business,butI_________

never_____________(visit)Kyoto.

HCheck() thebestanswer toshow interestandkeep theconversation

going.

1.AIloveBrazil.Haveyoubeenthere? 3.AHaveyouheardofthebandSunset?

B No.Brazilistoofaraway. B Yes,Ihave.Theyre

awful.No,Ihavent.Whendidyougo? No.Whatkindof

musicdotheyplay?No.Idontliketotravel. No.Iveneverheard

ofthem.2.AHaveyoueverseenasilentfilm? 4.AIlovesailing.Haveyou

evergone?B No.Haveyoueverseenone? B Yes,Ihave.Doyou

have

a

boat?

No.Silentfilmsarereallyold. Yes,butIdontlikeit

very

much.No.Ilikeactionmovies. Youdo?Ivenevergone.

ILookatthenameoftheplaceineachquestion.Choosethelogicalanswer.ThencompletethequestionwithHow+adjective.

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1.____________________________theVolgaRiver?

a.Its3,686kilometerslong. b.Its3,686kilometershigh.

2.

____________________________

Mount

Kilimanjaro?

a.Itgoesupto5,963degrees. b.Its5,963metershigh.3.____________________________theAtlanticOcean?

a.Its9,219meterslong. b.Its9,219metersdeep.4.____________________________theEmpireStateBuilding?

a.Its381meterstall. b.Its381meterslong.5.____________________________Canada?

a.Itcovers9,330,970squarekilometers.b.Its9,330,970kilometershigh.

J

Complete thesentenceswithwordsfromthebox.Useeachwordonlyonce.Thereisanextraword.

riverdesert sea forest volcano

1.Therearealotoftreesina__________________________.2.A_______________________isaveryhotanddryplace.

3.Anactive____________________canerupteveryday.4.A___________________usuallyrunsintoalakeoranocean.

K Readthebiographyofafamousbasketballplayer.Thenreadthestatementsandcheck()true,false,oritdoesntsay.

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EarvinMagic

Johnsonwas

born

andraised

inMichigan.He

comesfromafamilyoftenchildren.HeLovedbasketballatanearlyage.In

fact,hismothersays

he

slept

with

thefirstbasketball

he

received

as

a

present.

When

he

was

in

high

school,

a

reporter

saw

Johnson

playbasketball.ThereportercalledhimMagicbecausehewassogood,andthenicknamestayedwithJohnson.MagicplayedbasketballincollegeandthenjoinedtheLosAngelesLakersaprofessionalbasketballteam.Byage21,hewasalreadybecomingfamous.

In1991,MagiclefttheLakerswhenhelearnedhehadHIV/AIDS.Hishoneststatementabouthishealthsurprisedeveryone.Afterhe left theLakers,hebecameverysuccessful inbusiness,and

he

started

the

Magic

Johnson

Foundation.

This

organization

spendsmillionsofdollarstohelpchildrenandyoungpeople.

Magicisagreatathlete,butmoreimportant,heisanextremelyproudhusbandandfather.Infact,althoughhelovestosignautographsforhisfans,hewontsignthemwhenheisinpublicwithhischildrentheirtimetogetheristooimportanttohim.

True False

Itdoesnt

say1.Magicgothisfirstbasketballfromhismother.2.Magicgothisnicknamefromareporter.

3.Magicisverygenerouswithhistimeandmoney.4.AfterMagiclefttheLakers,heneverplayed

basketballagain.5.Magicneversignsautographs.

L

Writing:

Think

about

an

exciting

experience

youve

had,

and

write

a

blogaboutit.

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Test1B

Units1-3

Duration:80minutes

A

Listen.Whatarethepeopletalkingabout?Check(

)themaintopic.

1.Sharon 3.Davida)asecretdream a)avacationinGermanyb)herfavoritemuseum b)awonderfulexperiencec)arecenttrip c)aninterestingjob

2.Mike 4.Jennya)spicyfoods a)schoolsports

b)afavoriterestaurant b)tennisc)adeliciousmeal c)acompetition

BCompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectadjectiveoradverbformofthewordsinparentheses.

Inhisopinion,Paulworksveryhard.

To

his

boss,

Paul

seems

____________(slow).

When

Paul

doesnt

work

____________ (quick) enough, his boss gets_________________(impatient).

HesometimesargueswithPaul,andthat____________(automatic)hasa_____________(bad)effectonPaulswork.

CCheck()thecorrectwordforeachperson.

1.Joshsfriendsandco-workerscanalwayscountonhim.

reliable talented versatile

2.Robisalwaysthinkingofnewwaystodothings.cool serious creative

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3.Jenniferdoesntknowhowtodoherjob.

accomplished humble incompetent

D Complete

the

conversations

with

the

words

in

parentheses

and

thepresentperfect.Usecontractionswherepossible.

1.AI_________________(not/go)hikinglately.LetsgoonSunday.

BGreatidea!I_______________(not/do)thatforalongtimeeither.

2.AI__________________________(surf)inHawaiiseveraltimes.BWow!Thatsoundsgreat.I_______________(never/be)toHawaii.

E

Addacomment todescribe the things thesepeopledoa lot.Chooseaphrasefromtheboxandusealwaysandacontinuousverb.

do thingsforotherpeople spend toomuchmoney sayfunnythings talkabouthimself complainaboutthings

Example:

Jeffhasa

greatsenseofhumor.Hesalways saying funny

things.1.Aguyatworkisveryarrogant._________________________________________________________.

2.Angelalovesshopping._________________________________________________________.

3.Brianisntverypleasant.

_________________________________________________________.

4.Mymothersnotselfishatall.

_________________________________________________________.

FCompletetheconversations.WritequestionswithHaveyouever...?andshortanswers.

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Example:

A Haveyoueverdone

anythingdangerous

?(doanythingdangerous)

B Yes,Ihave .Ijumpedoffamovingtrainonce.

1.

A

______________________________________?(loseyourwallet)B________________________.Ineverlosethings.

2.A___________________________________?(getanFinacourse)B________________________.Ifailedphysicsinhighschool.

G

Complete theconversationwith thepresentperfector thesimplepast.Usecontractionswherepossible.

Amy Oh,

wow!

You

know,

I

_______________(go)

to

Japan

several

timeson

business,butI_________never_____________(visit)Kyoto.

____________you__________________(enjoy)thetrip?

SteveWell, it______________(be) interesting,but,youknow,mostof

thetimeIjust_______________(work).

HReplytoeachcommentwithashortanswer.Usereallyorsureinyour

answertoagreeandtobeasupportivelistener.Example:AThatisthemostamazingbridge!

B It sure is.

1.AWeshouldgoforahikesoon.3.AOurtriplastsummerwasthe

best!

B________________________ B________________________

2.AThosetreesaresobeautiful.4.AWedontgetmanytouristshere.

B________________________ B________________________

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IReadthefactsaboutdifferentcountries.Completethesentenceswiththesuperlativeformoftheadjectivesorthesuperlativewithnouns.

1.

Russia

is

_________________

(large)

country

in

the

world.

It

covers

over17,000,000squarekilometers.

2.Accordingtoonesurvey,

Japanis__________________________(expensive)countrytolivein.

3.ThatsamesurveyreportsthatNorwayisthecountrywith_________________________(good)qualityoflife.

4.

China

is

the

country

with

__________________________

(people).

Ithasapopulationofmorethanonebillion.

5.EastTimoris_______________________________(new)country.ItbecameindependentonMay20,2002.

JComplete thesentenceswithwordsfromthebox.Useeachwordonlyonce.Thereisanextraword.

island beach continent river sea

1.A___________________islargerthanalakebutsmallerthananocean.2.Greenlandisalarge_________________intheNorthAtlantic.3.A_________________isasandyplacebyanocean,sea,orlake.4.Africaisa___________________,butBrazilisnt.

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KReadTedstravelblog.Thencheck()thefivetruestatements.

Queenstown,NewZealand May13

Well,

Ive

always

wanted

to

travel

down

under,

and

we

finallymadeit!WearrivedontheSouthIslandaftera14-hourflightfrom

LosAngeles. Firstwestayedforacouple

ofdaysinChristchurch,andthenwerentedacaranddrovehere.

ItsfallinNewZealand.ItfeelslikeNovember,andtheleavesare falling.Queenstownisin the

SouthernAlps.

Thescenery isjustincrediblea lakeononesideandsnowypeaksallaround.I tookaskytrainintothemountainsthismorning.Itssobeautiful.

Insomeways,NewZealandismoreliketheU.K.thantheU.S.Thefood ismostlyBritish,and they love todrink teahere!IvehadteaeveryafternoonsinceIarrived.AbitofachangeformeathomeIalwaysdrinkcoffee.WeregoingtoMilfordSoundtomorrow.Thatsonthewestcoast.PeoplesaythescenerythereislikepartsofNorway.

AItsTedsfirsttriptoNewZealand.

B

TheyreontheSouthIsland.CTheydrovetoQueenstown.DItsNovemberinNewZealand.EQueenstownisnearalake.

FNewZealandersdrinkalotoftea.GTedusuallydrinkstea.HQueenstownlookslikeNorway.

L Writing:

Write

a

paragraph

about

human

or

natural

wonder

inourcountry.

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Test2AUnits4-6

Duration:80minutes

A

Listen

to

the

four

people

complaining.

What

does

each

person

want?Check(

)thecorrectanswer.

1.Jonathanwantsto____. 3.Verawantsherhusbandto____.a)stayhomewithhisfamily a)givehisopinionb)spendtimewithhisfriends b)lethertalkc)visithisgrandparents c)finishhissentences

2.Pamwantsherkidsto____more. 4.Tomwantshiswifeto_____.a)study a)askforhisopinionb)exercise b)buyhimanothertiec)relax c)goshoppingbyherself

BCirclethecorrectanswer.

1.Myparentsget/makemeworkatthefamilybusinessafterschool.

2.Bills

wife

has

/

tells

him

pick

up

the

kids

after

school.

3.Ialwaysmake/tellmydaughtertofinishherhomeworkbeforedinner.

4.Mybrotheralwayslets/wantsmetodrivehimplaces.

CReadJeremysmemoriesabouthisgrandmother.Rewriteeachsentence

usingtheexpressioninparentheses.

1.Ivisitedmygrandmotheralotonweekends.(usedto)_______________________________________________________.

2.Sheoftentoldmestoriesaboutherlife.(would)_______________________________________________________.

3.Ihelpedherdothingsaroundthehouse.(usedto)_______________________________________________________.

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4.Wespentalotoftimetogetherinthekitchen.(would)_______________________________________________________.

5.Andshetaughtmehowtocook.(would)_______________________________________________________.

D

Completethechartwiththewordsinthebox.Useeachwordonlyonce.

grandfather halfbrother niece sister son stepmother

Eopinion

s?Check()thecorrectanswersandunderlinetheexpressionsshowingopinion.Example: TimIf you ask me,familiesusedtobecloser.

a.

Donna

Idonthaveanybrothersorsisters.

b.

James I

dont

think

most

parents

spend

enough

time

with

theirchildren.

c.KareemIreadthattherearealotmoreblendedfamiliesthesedays.

FCirclethecorrectanswer.

1.Imtryingtoeatless/fewermeat.

2.Atourhouse,weeatvery

little

/

feweggs.3.Therearentmany/muchvegetablesinthevegetablebin.4.Itsgoodtodrinkakilo/cupofgreenteaeveryday.5.Wouldyoulikeanotherquart/sliceofpie?

14

immediatefamily extendedfamily blendedfamily

1._________________2.________________

3.__________________4.___________________

5.______________6.______________

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GCrossouttheadjectivethatdoesntgowellwitheachfood.

1.barbecuedboiled fried raw eggs

2.

boiled

dried

steamed

stir-

fried3.fresh pickled roast stir-

broccoli

cabbage

friedHCompletetheconversationswithtoo,toomuch,toomany,orenough.

1.AAreyouhungry__________toeatdinnernow?BNo,Imstill___________full.Ihadahugelunchearlier.

2.A

Weeat__________frozendinnersathome.

B

I

know.

But

theyre

so

convenient,

and

theres

never

___________

timetocookaregularmealafterwork.

ICheck()thebestexpressiontocompleteeachresponse.

1.AAreyouthirsty?Wouldyoulike3.AWell,wecangobybus,orsomeicedtea? wecantakethesubway.

Whichdoyouprefer?

BNo,Imfine,thanks.______ B_____Youchoose.a)Whateveryouprefer. a)Aresureitsnotrouble?b)Maybelater. b)Imfine,really.c)Youchoose. c)Whicheveriseasier.

2.ADoyouwanttoeatdinnerathome4.ADoyouwantasnack?Ihavesometonight,orwouldyourathergoout?nuts.Ormaybeapieceoffruit?B______Whateveryouprefer. BAnythingsgood._____

a)

Either

way.

a)Im

fine,

thanks.

b)No,thanks. b)Whateveryourehaving.c)Areyouhavingsome? c)No,thanks.

JCompletetheconversationswithappropriatewaystotalkaboutthefuture.Usecontractionswherepossible.(Thereismorethanonecorrectanswerinmanycases.)

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1.AWhat________you_____________(do)onFriday?

B

I

________________

(have)

dinner

at

a

restaurant

with

Sally.

Doyouwanttojoinus?

ASure.Whatrestaurant___________you___________(eat)at?

BWehaventdecidedyet.I________________(call)youtoletyou

know.

AFine.It__________________(be)greattoseeSallyagain.

KThese

people

are

thinkingabout

makingsome

changesintheir

lives.Completetheparagraphswiththecorrectformsofdoormake.

1.

KevinI

wantto_______a

goodliving,

so

I

want

toget

a

business

degree.ButfirstIshould_______someresearch.Ill_________alistofschools

andfindoutwhichonesIcanafford.

ThenIll______adecisionaboutwhichschoolstoapplyto.

2.SarahIm_______alotofthinkingaboutmycurrentjob.

LReadNicolesblog.Thenreadthestatementsandcheck()true,false,

oritdoesntsay.

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NIC

OLESBLOG


Growinguptherewerefourpeopleinmyimmediatefamilyme,

myparents,andmyyoungerbrother.Myparentswantedustospendtimeasafamily,soweusedtoeatdinnerathome together

several

times

a

week.

But

there

was

a

problem.

My

parents

both

worked

full-time

and

didnt

usually

feel

like

cooking

when

theycamehomeatnight.

Sowethoughtofasolution.Mywholefamilywouldplanthenextweeksmealsandgoshoppingforfoodontheweekend.ThenIwouldcookdinnerfor thefamilyacoupleof timesaweek.(ThatwasfinewithmebecauseIwantedtolearnmoreaboutcookinganyway.)

Whenwestartedthisnewpolicy,mycookingwasreally simple.Forexample,Iwouldjustputafrozendinnerintheovenandmakeasalad.ButIgotboredwiththatprettyquickly,soIstartedto readcookbooksand trydifferent recipes.Afterawhile, Ievenmadeupsomeofmyownrecipesandtheyweredelicious!Everybodyloveditwhenitwasmyturntocook.

True

False

It

doesnt

say1.Nicolehasanextendedfamily.2.Nicolesparentsusedtocookonweekends.3.Nicoleplannedthemealsanddidtheshopping.4.Nicolemadesimplemealsatfirst.5.Nicolewasacreativecook.

M

Writing:Chooseafamilymemoryfromyourchildhood.Writeablog

aboutit.

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Test2BUnits4-6

Duration:80minutes

A

Listen

to

the

conversations.

What

food

is

each

conversation

about?Check (

)thecorrectanswer.

1.juicemilksoda

2.popcornhotdogschocolate

3.lettuceketchupbutter

4.cookiesicecreamcake

BCirclethecorrectanswer.

1.Janetneverasks/helpsmetogodancingwithher.2.Jacksalwaysgetting/makinghiskidsbequiet.3.Mysisterneverasks/letsmeusethecomputer.4.Weneverhelp/wantourMomcookdinner.

CReadthefirstsentence.Choosethesentenceunder itthatisthemostsimilarinmeaning.

1.Idonthavetodeciderightaway. 4.Youdbetterdosomeresearch.

a)Idbetternotdeciderightaway. a)Youshoulddosomeresearch.b)Idontneedtodeciderightaway. b)Youcandosomeresearch.

2.Youmightwanttostudyharder. 5.Imgoingtohavetogetajob.

a)Youvegottostudyharder. a)Illneedtogetajob.b)Yououghttostudyharder. b)Idliketogetajob.

3.Idrathernotgotoamovie.

a)Idontneedtogotoamovie.b)Idontwanttogotoamovie.

DUsethewordsinparenthesestoendthephoneconversations.

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1.ABytheway,howsthatnewexerciseclassgoing?

BFine,butIcanttalknow.________________________(call)?

2.AIsthisagoodtimetotalk?

BUh,notreally.

Imlate.________________________(run).

3.

A

Imthinkingaboutchangingmyapartment.DoyouthinkIshould?BSorry,Ihaveanappointment___________________________(go).

E These

people

are

talkingaboutfamilies.

Whichstatements

areopinions?

Check

(

)thecorrectanswersand

underlinetheexpressionsshowingopinion.Example: TimIf you ask me,familiesusedtobecloser.

a)

Emily ItseemslikekidswatchwaytoomuchTV.

b)MichelleIthinkchildrenshouldhelptheirparentsdothingsaroundthehouse.

c)Carole Mykidsarentathomeintheafternoonbecausetheyhave

soccerpractice.

FCirclethecorrectanswer.

1.Theresa

carton

/

poundoforangejuiceintherefrigerator.2.Ifyougotothestore,pleasepickupaloaf/packageofbread.3.Afew/Alittlefatispartofahealthydiet.4.Thereisntmuch/manychocolateinchocolatemilk.5.Wheresthebag/bottleofpotatochips?

GCrossouttheadjectivethatdoesntgowellwitheachfood.

1.

barbecued

grilled

roast

steamed

lamb

2.

baked boiled raw smoked potatoes3.

boiled dried fried grilled noodles

HCompletetheconversationswithtoo,toomuch,toomany,orenough.

1.AIneedtogoonadiet.Iweigh_________________.19

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BMaybeyoureeatingfastfood________________often.

2.A

Wouldyoulikesomemorenuts,orhaveyouhad______________?

BOh,no,thanks.Ilovenuts,buttheyhave___________saltonthem.

IUsepoliterefusalexpressionstocompletetheconversation.

PeggyWouldyoulikesomemoreicedtea?Nora

No, thanks. Maybe later.Ivegotenoughhere.PeggyGosh, therewerea lotof frieshere.Istillhavesome left.Wouldyoulikeafew?Nora______________Imtryingtocutdownonthingslikefries.You

didnthavemuchsalad.Takesomeofmycarrots.

Peggy______________Youknow,theyhavethebestchocolatecakehere.Youshouldtrysome.Nora______________Imtryingtoeatlesssugar,too.

PeggyOh.Well,areyougoingtohavecoffee?Nora______________

JCompletetheconversationswithappropriatewaystotalkaboutthe

future.

Use

contractions

where

possible.

(There

is

more

than

one

correctanswerinmanycases.)

1.A_________you__________(do)anythingspecialonSaturday?

BWell,I_______________(go)shoppingintheafternoon,but

I_________________(not/be)busyintheevening.Whatsup?

A

Ivegotsomefreetheatertickets.Doyouwanttogo?

BWhattime________theshow________________(start)?

AItsat7:30atthePlaza.

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BThatsperfect.I_______________(meet)youthereat7:20.

KThese

people

are

thinkingabout

makingsome

changesintheir

lives.Completetheparagraphswiththecorrectformsofdoormake.

1.Sarah

Iprobably________amistakewhenIcamehere.Iworked

hardat

firstandI__________agoodimpression.Buttheworkjustisntvery

meaningful.Ive_______somegood,butImnot

really_______

a

difference.

IfImgoingtoleave,Idbetter__________upmymindsoon.

LReadthearticle.Thenreadthestatementsandcheck()true,false,oritdoesntsay.

AreAmericansEatingBetter?

Most health experts agree:Somethinkthisisagoodchange,

Americansareeating toomuch,andbut others say its adding to

the

population

as

a

whole

is

getting

Americansweightproblem.fatter.

But

if

you

look

at

recent

Americans

are

eating

aboutfivechangesinAmericanseatinghabits, servingsoffruitsandvegetablesanotallofthemhavebeen

bad. day.Thatsnotbad,buteighttoConsiderthesefacts: tenservingswouldbebetter.

Americans

are

still

eating

tooAmericans

areeating

toomanymuchmeat,buttheyreeatingless fatsandsugarsbecausetheyeatbeefandmorechickenandfish.

Thats

good,

because

chicken

andfishhavelessfatthanredmeat.

Theyredrinkinglessmilk,but

theyrealsoeatingmorecheesethanbefore.Sotheyrestillgettingtoomuchfatfrommilkproducts.

21

toomanyprepared(fast)foods,

andtheseingredients

areinmost

preparedfoods.

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Americansareeatingfewereggs.

Manypeoplethinkfewer eggs

meanslessheartdisease.

Theyre

eating

more

carbohydrates such as rice,potatoes,bread,andbeans.

Americans... TrueFalseItdoesntsay

1.donteatenoughmeat.2.usedtoeatmoreeggs.3.eatpotatoesmoreoftenthanrice.

4.shouldeatmorefruitsandvegetables.5.eattoolittlefat.

M Writing:chooseasnackfoodortraditionaldishpopularin

Mongolia.Writeanarticleaboutitforatouristpamphlet.

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Test3A Units7-9

Time:80minutes

A Listen

to

John talk about

four

friends.

Check

()

the

correctanswer.

1. Richardisafriendwho____. 3.Steveisapersonwho____.

Johnknewinhighschool likesmusicandsports

Learnslanguageseasily Johnhasknownalongtime

Teachesatacollege wantstogetmarried

2. Sherrieisanoldfriendwho____.4.Carolissomeonewho____.

Neverfinishedcollege isalotlikeJohn

Hasapart-timejob marriedJohnsbrother

Hastwochildren Johnusedtodate

B

Circle

the

correct

relative

pronoun.Can

youleave

out

thepronoun?

Check()yesornoforeachsentence.

Canyouleave

outthepronoun?

Yes No

1.Paulistheguywho /whichIwenttravelingwithlast

summer.

2.Imtakingaclasswhich/whomyfriendJanettold

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meabout.

3.Iusedtobeinarelationshipthat/whomademevery

unhappy.

C Rewriteeachsentenceusingthecorrectformofaphrasalverbfrom

thebox.Useeachverbonlyonce.

Goout hangout turnout

1. Julieisalwaysspendingtimeatthemall.

__________________________________________________________.

2. Pamsdateendedwell.

_________________________________________________________.

3. PaulandJenniferhavedatedforawhile.

__________________________________________________________.

D Completethecommentsusingtheexpressionsinparenthesestomake

themsofter.

1. Myboyfriendneverwantstogoout.

____________________________________________shy.

(Iguess/alittlebit)

2. Ihaventheardfromyouforalongtime.

____________________________________________busy.

(probably/kindof)

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2. A What

wouldyoudoif_______________(you/get)ajoboffer

inanothercity?

_______________(you/accept)it?

B ___________.Myfamilyliveshere.Idmissthemtoomuch.

G Completethestorywithabout,for,fromorto.

MyfriendJosieborrowedafavoritebook____________meabout

ayearago.Ididntthink_______itforawhile,butlastweekI

remindedher_______________it.Soshelooked___________the

bookbutcouldntfindit.Sheapologized_____________losingit,and

offeredtopay____________it.Iwaskindofupset,butItoldhernot

toworry____________it.Butnexttime,Imgoingtothinktwice

beforeIlendabook_______________afriend!

H

Complete

the

conversations

using

the

information

in

the

questions.

Usepronounsintheanswers.

1. (HowdoyouturnontheDVDplayer?)

ADoyouknow_____________________?

BSorry.Ihavenoidea________________.

2. (WherecanIpluginmylaptop?)

A

Icantfigureout

____________________________________________________.

BSorry,Imnotsure

____________________________________________________.

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I Crossoutthephrasalverbthatdoesnotgowitheachexpression

1.Takeoff Putaway Plugin Yourshoes

2.

Turnon Turnoff Turndown A

computer

3.Puton Putdown Throwaway Abook

J Matcheachstatementwiththecommentthatgivesadifferentopinion.

1.

Cellphonesaregreat.____ a.

Maybe.

You

have

to

be

careful

aboutidentitytheft,though.

2.Idrathertalktofriendsonb.Imnotsosure.Dontyouthink

thephonethan e-mail peopleusethemtoomuch?

them._____

3.Theressomuchinformationc.Iknowwhatyoumean,butits

ontheInternet.___ sometimes

easier

to

just

send

a

message.

4.

Ilovetoshoponline.Itmakesd.Thatstrue.Ontheotherhand,the

itsoeasytobuythings.____ factscanbeunreliable.

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K Readtheadvicecolumn.Thencheck()thefivestatementsthat

Sophiewouldagreewith.

DearSophie:Ivebeenin

a long-distance

relationshipwithsomeone

forsixmonths.Wekeep

in

contact

by

phone

and

e-mail,butwehavent

been

together

for

over

a

month.ShouldIend it?

Megan

DearMegan: I think itsa

bit

too

soon

to

break

up.

Long-distance

relationships

canbeverydifficult,but

theyre not impossible.

These

days,

there

are

so

manywaystostay intouch

withsomeoneyoulove.

There

are

evenadvantages

to

this

type

of

relationship.

Some

people

who

cant

express

theirfeelingseasilymaycommunicatemore

freelywhentheyrefaraway.Andthe

distancecanhelptherelationshipstay

excitingbecausewhenyoufinallyget

togetheragain,itsextraspecial!

Youshouldtalkwithyourboyfriendabout

yourexpectations.Howoftendoyouneedto

hearfromhimandtoactuallymeetto

stayhappy?When(ifever)willyouwantto

settledown togetherorat least live in the

samecity? Ifyoucanagreeon these things,

andstayhonestandopenwithoneanother,

yourlong-distancerelationshipcanturnout

beautifully!-

Sophie

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1.Sixmonthsisntalongtimetobeinalong-distancerelationship.

2.Long-distancerelationshipsneverworkout.

3.Thesedays,peoplearetoobusytostayintouch.

4.Therearegoodthingsaboutlongdistancerelationships

5.Peoplearesometimesmorehonestwhentheyreawayfromeach

other.

6.Youcantlearnalotaboutsomeonesfeelingsfromalongdistance.

7.Itcanbegoodforpeopleinarelationshiptobeapartforawhile.

8.Ifyoucantspendverymuchtimewithyourpartner,youshould

breakup.

9.Along-distancerelationshipcanendinmarriage.

L

Writing:

Choose

three

friends.

Write

an

article

about

item.

Think

about.

Howyoumetandwhyyoubecamefriends.

Whatareyourfriendslike. Whatyouhaveincommon.

Whatdoyoudotogether.

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Test3B Units7-9

Time:80minutes

A Listen

to

the

conversations.

What

is

each

conversation

about?

Check()

correctanswer.

1. acomputer 3.acomputer

aremote ane-mail

aDVDplayer computersoftware

2. cellphones 4.radios

digitalcameras CDplayers

MP3players televisions

B Circlethecorrectrelativepronoun.Canyouleaveoutthepronoun?

Check()yesornoforeachsentence.

Canyouleave

outthepronoun

Yes No

1Lastweek Isawsomeonewhich / thatIused todate

incollege

2Ihave twohigh

schoolfriendswho /whichstillcall

mesometimes

3Ijoinedaclubwhich/whoorganizesactivitiesfor

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singlepeople.

C Rewriteeachsentenceusing thecorrectformofa

phrasalverbfromthebox.Useeachverbonlyonce.

Breakup growup settledown

____________________________________________________________.

1. Danwantstogetmarried.

____________________________________________________________.

2. TimandDebstoppeddating.

____________________________________________________________.

D Writethewordsinthecorrectordertocompletethequestionsand

statements.

1. (theproblem/is/what)

Doyouhaveanyidea

______________________________________________________?

2. (buy/acheapcellphone/where/can/I)

Doyouknow

______________________________________________________?

3. (yourlaptop/howmuch/cost)

Canyouremember

______________________________________________________?

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4. (you/have/acomputervirus/if)

Iwonder

_______________________________________________________?

E Readtheproblemandtheadvice,Rephrase

eachpieceofadviceusing

thewordsinparentheses.

IforgotAnnesbirthday!

WhatshouldIdo?

1. Callherrightaway.

_______________________________________.(ifIwereyou)

2. Send

her

some

flowers.

____________________________________.

(youcould)

3. Dontworryaboutit.___________________________.(Iwouldnt)

4. Takeherouttodinner.________________________________.(Id)

F Completethequestionsusingthewordsinparentheses.Thencomplete

theshortanswers.

1. A Whatwouldyoudo if______________________(your teacher/

give)youafailinggrade?

___________________(you/ask)himaboutit?

B ___________________.IdwanttoknowwhyIgotit.

2. A Whatwouldyoudo if________________________(afriend /

notinvite)youtoaparty?

______________________(you/talk)toheraboutit?

3. B ______________________.Itwouldbetooembarrassing.

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G Completethestorywithabout,for,fromorto.

MyfriendJosieborrowedafavoritebook____________meabouta

yearago.Ididntthink_______itforawhile,butlastweek

Iremindedher

_______________it.Soshelooked___________thebookbutcouldnt

findit.Sheapologized_____________losingit,andofferedtopay

____________it.Iwaskindofupset,butItoldhernottoworry

____________it.Butnexttime,ImgoingtothinktwicebeforeIlenda

book_______________afriend!

H Completetheconversationsusingtheinformationinthequestions.Use

pronounsintheanswers.

1. (Howdoyouturndownthevolume?)

ADoyouremember

__________________________________________________?

B

Sorry.Ihavenoidea

___________________________________________________.

2. (WheredoIputawaytheseDVDs?)

A Doyouknow

____________________________________________________?

B Yeah,Icanshowyou___________________________________________________.

I Crossoutthephrasalverbthatdoesnotgowitheachexpression

1

Takeoff Callback Hookup

33

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headphones

2Turnup Takeoff TakeapartThe

air

conditioner

3

Hookup Lookup Writedown Aword

J

Complete

the

conversation

with

the

expressions

in

the

box.

Use

capitalletterswherenecessary.

youmightwantto ontheotherhand Iknowwhatyoumean

YouknowwhatImean dontyouthink sortof

Im

not

so

sure though

Jan Myboyfriendsphoneisalwaysbusy.Itdrivesmecrazy.

Rob Oh,________.Mygirlfriendneveranswershercellphone.

Jan Thatsannoying.Ifyouhaveaphone,youshouldalways

answerit.

Rob .Sometimesits rudetoanswerthe

phone-

if

youre

having

dinner

or

something.

__________

?

Jan Yeah,butyoucanalwaysanswerandjustsay,CanIcallyou

back?ThatsOK, ?

Rob Maybe. ,ifyoudontanswerit,the

personcanleaveamessage.

Jan Oh,no.Icantbelievethis.Hesstillonthephone.

Rob Well, leavehimamessage.

Jan Yeah,Icoulddothat.Henevercheckshisvoicemail,____.

KReadthearticle.Thenreadthestatementsandcheck()true,falseorit

doesntsay

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MostInternetusersgetafewofthoseirritating,unwanted,commercial

messagescalledspameveryday.Sowhats thebigdeal?youmayask.

Herearefourreasonswhyyoushouldworryaboutspam:

1. Spammerscansend thousandsof identicalmessageswithapushof

theSendbutton,butyouhave todeleteeachmessageonebyone.That

canadduptoalotofwastedtime.

2. Therearestillveryfewrulestolimitspam,sotheproblemwill

probably

get

worse.

Would

you

like

to

get

hundreds

of

spam

messageseverytimeyouopenyoure-mail.

3. Productsinspamadsarefrequently(thoughnotalways)lowquality

orworthless.Thinkaboutit:companiesthat

makehigh-qualityproducts

dontmindpayingforadvertising.However,sellersoflowqualitygoods

wouldratherusespambecauseitcostsverylittle.

4. Spammessageoftensay thatyouaskedtoreceivethemessage,but,

of

course,

thats

usually

not

true.

Many

spammers

use

e-mail

addresses

withoutpermission.Andeventhoughspammerssaytheylltakeyour

nameofftheirlistifyouaskthem,manyofthemdont.

True False It

doesntsay

1MostInternetusersdontneedtoworryabout

spam

2Spammersarepeoplewhogetalotofspam

3Therewillprobablybemorespaminthe

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future

4Thequalityofspamadsisgettingworse

5Youoftencanttrustpeoplewhosendspam

L Writing:

Choosethe

best

ideastowrite

ashort

article

about

changesyouwouldmake.

Somethingyoudspendlesstimedoing?

Apersonyoudspendmoretimewith?

Somethingyoudtakemoreseriously?

Asubject

youd

study?

Test4A 17Units10-12

Time:80minutes

AListentoCindyandPammeetatthegym.Check()trueorfalse

foreachsentence.

True

False

1.

Pamhasanewplacetolive.

2.Pamhasstartedgoingtoanother

gym.

3.Cindyscompanyhashiredsome

newworkers.

4.

The

guy

Cindy

is

seeing

is

still

datinghisoldgirlfriend.

B Complete

the

conversations.

Use

the

present

perfect

or

the

present

perfectcontinuous.Usecontractionswherepossible.

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Kate What________________you__________________(do)lately,

Jon?

I___________________________(notsee)youinages!

Jon Yeah,I_______________(travel)alotlately.Itspartof

myjob,

youknow.

KateOhyeah.Thatsright.So,where_________you________(go)?

Jon Allovertheplace.I____________(be)tothreedifferentcitieson

businessinthelastweek.Iliketotravel,butthatsridiculous!....

Anyway,what___________you_________(be)upto,Kate?

CMatchthecommentswiththemostappropriatemovieword.

1. I lovedthedancing.Thesingingwasa. Sciencefiction

reallygreat,too_____

2. Thealienswerereallystrange-

looking._____b. Tearjerker

3. Itwas hilarious.Icouldntstop

c.

Musical

laughing.___

4.

Ithadsuchasadending.Iwantedtod. Comedycry.____

D Completetheconversation.Circlethecorrectwords.

A Itssogoodtoseeyou.Wehaventspenttimetogether

(1)

for

/

since

lastsummer!

B Yeah.AndIhaventbeentothemovies(2)in/sincemonths.Sowhat

doyouwanttosee?

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A Idontknow.Ive(3)already/stillseenalotofstuff.

B Well,haveyouseenItsaFunnyWorld(4)still/yet?

A No!I

(5)

already

/

stillhaventseenit.AndIvewantedto

(6)

in

/

for

alongtime.

B Well,great!Letsgo!

E Read eachsentence. Complete thetwopossibleresponsesusing

appropriateadjectivesfromthebox.Useeachadjectiveonlyonce.

annoyed nervous boring excited

tiring motivated proud scary

1. Myparentsmakemestayhomeonweekends,but theresnothingto

do.

Youmustbereally________withthem./Thatmustbe____________.

2. Ihavethisbigtesttomorrow,andImnotprepared.

Youmustbe___________________./Thatmustbe______________.

3. Mysonisgraduatingfromcollegetomorrow.

Youmustbe__________________________./Hemustbe_________.

4. Isometimesworkfortwelvehourswithoutstopping.

Youmustbepretty____________________./Thatmustbe_________.

F

Completethesentencesusingthesimplepastpassiveformofverbs

fromthebox.Useeachverbonlyonce.Thereisanextraword.

breakinto cause close damage delay

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feel rescue see steal

1. Theairport_______forfivehoursbecauseofthefogyesterday.

2. Policereportedthatseveralhomes_________overtheweekend.

3. Authoritiessaytherecentwildfires______________bylightning.

4. Severalcomputers_____________fromthehighschool.

5. Fivecarsandatruck____________inanaccidentonthefreeway.

6. Achild____________fromaburningbuildingbyfirefighters.

7. Traffic_____________forhoursbecauseofthesnowstorm.

8. Ararebird______________inalocalpark.

G Jimsco-workersaretalkingabouthim.Rewritethesentences

usingthemodalverbmust(not),cant,couldandmight.

1.IbetJimisabout35.

Jim..

2.Itisntpossiblehesover40.

He..

3.Ibetheisntworkingtoday.

He...

4.Itispossiblehesonthebeach.

He...

HWritesentencesaboutnewsevents.Put

thewordsin

parentheses in thecorrectorder.Use thesimplepastpassive

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withby+agent

Example:(destroy/partially/thefire/therestaurant)

The restaur ant was part ial ly destroyed by the fi re .

1. (thebadweather/delay/temporarily/manyflights)

___________________________________________________.

2. (thehailstorm/manyhomes/damage/badly)

_____________________________________________________.

3. (close/thebuilding/emergencyworkers/temporarily)

_____________________________________________________.

4. (theflood/completely/destroy/thebridge)

_____________________________________________________.

5.

(seriously/the

earthquake

/electric

power

/disrupt)

_____________________________________________________.

I

Cross

out

theword

that

cannot

be

used

tocomplete

each

sentence.

1. Arnoldwas_______injuredinacaraccident.

badly completely severely seriously

2. Themountainwashitbya________________hailstorm.

flash freak heavy severe

3. Thevillagewas_______byanearthquake.

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damaged destroyed injured struck

J Usethewordsinparenthesestointroducenews.Then

matcheachquestionwiththecorrectnewsitem.

1.

____

the

news

about

my

a. It destroyed several

sister?(hear)____ houses.

2.Ijustboughtanewwatch.b. Theyre moving next

And _______ ?month.

(what)_______________

3.

______about

the

flash

flood

in my town? (tell)c.Ilostityesterday.

__________________

4.________myneighbors?d.Sheshavingababy.

(know)_____

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K

Readthearticle.Thencheck()thefourtruestatements.

Haveyoubeen thinkingaboutgoingout toanewrestaurant,movie,ora

clubinyourareabutdontknowwheretogo?Whynotgoonlineandtry

Zagat?

TheZagatSurveystartedasahobbyfortwoNewYorkers,TimandNina

Zagat.Theylovedtodineoutatgoodplaces,sotheyaskedtheirfriendsto

writereviews

of

theirfavoriteNew

York

restaurants.

That

was

the

beginningoftheirfirstguide,thehighlysuccessfulZagatNYCRestaurant

Survey.NowZagathassurveysfor restaurants inover

seventy locations

worldwide.Andthecompanyhasexpandedtoincludeguidesforhotels,

resorts,nightclubs,movies,theater,andevenplacestoplaygolf.

ItscalledasurveybecauseZagatgradesplacesbypopularvote.Anyone

cansendinareviewofaplacelistedinoneoftheguidesandthatreview

willbecomepartofthescoreorrating.Hundreds,andsometimes

thousands,

of

people

may

rate

one

place.

It

seems

to

work.

People

who

use

Zagat

say

its

ratings

are

more

accurate

than

a

review

by

one

so-called

expert.

1.TheZagatSurveystartedasabusiness.

2.TimandNinaZagatstartedthesurveybecausetheylovedwriting

reviews.

3.ThefirstZagatguideonlyreviewedrestaurantsinNewYorkCity.

4.TheZagatSurveynowcoversplacesaroundtheworld.

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5.Zagatdoesntreviewrestaurantsanymore.

6.IfyougotoaplacewhichislistedinZagat,youcanwritea

review.

7.Someplacesinthesurveyhavethousandsofreviews.

8.Zagatratingsareverygoodbecausetheyarebasedontheopinions

ofexperts.

LWriting:Usetheinformationfromyoursurveytowriteareport

about

the

classs

interest

in

the

news.

NewsSurvey

Almost80%ofthestudentsinthisclasskeepupwiththenewsevery

day.About20%ofuskeepupwiththenewsonlyonceortwiceaweek.

ApproximatelytwooutofthreestudentswatchthenewsonTV

Help note: Writing about statistics

80%ofthestudentsareinterestedinthenews.80%oftheclassis

interestedinthe

news.

Approximately20%ofusget

the

newsfromTV.

Themajorityofstudentshaveaccesstotheinternet.Abouthalfofthe

classisinterestedincurrent

events.Fouroutoftenstudentsreada

newspaper.

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Test4B Units10-12

Time:80minutes

A Gina

and

Ray

are

outside

a

restaurant.

Listen

and

check

()

trueorfalseforeachsentence.

TrueFalse

1.GinaandRaygointotherestaurant.

2.GinaandRaycanthearthemanwhoistalking.3.Themanwhoistalkingseemsunhappy.4.Thepeopleintherestaurantmustbeataretirementparty.

B

Completetheconversations.Usethepresentperfectorthepresentperfectcontinuous.Usecontractionswhere

possible.

KateOh,I_____(be)reallybusy,too.Foronething,my

cousins________(visit)us.Theyarrivedlastweek.Oh!And

I____________(take)anactingclasssinceSeptember.

Jon

Nokidding!How_______it__________(go)?

KateNotbad.I__________(notbe)inaplayyet.ButIreally

____________(notstudy)forverylong

C

Matchthecommentswiththemostappropriatemovieword.

1.ItsaChinesefilm.Isaw itat thea. subtitled

foreignfilmfestival____

2.MywifeandIlovedit.Itwasvery

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romantic_________

3.

Veryexciting.I

keptwondering

whatwouldhappen.

_____

b. horror

c. thriller

4.There

was

this

ugly

monster

init.d.

Itreallyscaredme.______lovestory

D Circle

the

correct

answer.

1. AThatlecturewasreallyinteresting.

B Yeah.Thespeakerwasamazed/amazing.

2. A Igetreallyfrustrated /frustratingwhenI forgetmykeysat

home.

B Iknow.Thingslikethataresoannoyed/annoying.

3. A Tomsdirectionsarereallyconfused/confusing.Icant

understandthem.

B Imnotsurprised.Healwaysdoesthingstooquickly.

4. A Iwasfascinated/fascinatingbythemovie.

B Metoo.Somepartswerereally

shocked

/

shocking,though.

EReadthesituations.Thencompletethesentences.Askpolitelyfora

favor.

1. Youwanttomakeanappointmenttotalkwithyourteacher.

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Iwanted__________________________________________________

2. Youaskyourbossforpermissiontoleavetheofficeearlytoday.

Woulditbeallright_________________________________________

3. Yourbossaskedyoutofinishareporttoday.Youwanttoworkonit

foranotherweek.

WoulditbeOK__________________________________________

4. Youfailedthemidtermexam.Youaskyourteacherifyoucantake

thetestagain.

Iwaswondering_________________________________________

FRewritethesentencesusingthesimplepastpassiveandthegiven

adverb.

1. Thestormdisruptedtrainservices.(temporarily)

_________________________________________________________.

2. Flashfloodsdamagedseveralhousesinthearea.(badly)

_________________________________________________________.

3. Awildfireinjuredthreefirefighters.(seriously)

_________________________________________________________.

4. Atornadodestroyedasmallfarm.(completely)

_________________________________________________________.

G Regsco-workersaretalkingabouthim.Rewritethesentences

using

the

modalverbmust(not),cant,couldandmight.

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1.Ibethestakingthedayoff.

He...

2.Itspossiblehesathome.

He...

3.Maybehesplayinggolf.

He...

4.Ibethedoesnotstartafamily.

He...

HWritesentencesaboutnewsevents.Putthewords inparentheses

inthecorrectorder.Usethesimplepastpassivewithby+agent

Example:(destroy/partially/thefire/therestaurant)

The restaur ant was part iall y destroyed by the f i re .

1. (badly/manyfarms/theice/damage)

________________________________________________________.

2. (temporarily/electricity/disrupt/alightning)

________________________________________________________.

3. (severalpeople/slightly/injure/atornado)

________________________________________________________.

4. (destroy/asmalltown/flashfloods/completely)

________________________________________________________.

5. (partially/anoldbuilding/ahurricane/damage)

________________________________________________________.

I

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4. Thevillagewas_______byanearthquake.

damaged destroyed injured struck

5. _____wasdelayedbecauseofthebadweather.

Anairport Theflight Traffic Trainservice

6. The________damagedmany

treesintheneighborhood.

lightning hailstones thunder winds

JMatcheachstatementwiththemostappropriateresponse.Useeach

response

only

once.

You

must

be

1. Ireallywantedtogotothe

a. bored

party,butIcouldnt._______

2.

Things

are

very

slow

at

theb. excited

officetoday._____________

3. Iworked

hardinclass,and

I

gotanexcellentgrade._____c. pleased

4. Im

going

to

Europe

thisd. disappointed

summer. Ive never been

there.______________

K

Readthearticle.Then

read

thestatementsandcheck()true,

false,oritdoesntsay.

Dos ... Donts

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Thinkaboutyourinterest.What

kindsofthingsdoyougetexcited

about?Do youlovetoteach

kids,

work

outdoors,

or

help

people

in

need?

Your

interests

can

lead

to

a

particulartypeofvolunteeractivity.

Consideryourskills.Areyou

goodat

somethinglikesportsor

computers? Most volunteer

organizationsarelookingforpeople

withspecifictalentsandabilities.

Doresearch.Youllbeamazedat

thenumberofvolunteerorganizations

outthere.Startbyaskingfamilyand

friendsabouttheonestheyknow,ordo

someresearchontheInternet.Then

follow up by contacting the

organizationdirectly.

Dontbefrustratedif

youdontgettheperfectjob

rightaway.Yourfirstvolunteer

job

maybe less than ideal,but

itcanstillbeagoodlearning

experience.

Dontlimityourthinking.

Withallthechoices,youmay

findavolunteeropportunity

thatneveroccurredto

you.

Your

effort

could

lead

to

somethingsurprising!

Donttrytodomore

workthanyoucanhandle.If

youcantmanagetheworkyou

volunteeredtodo,itcanbe

difficultforyourorganization,

andembarrassingforyou.

TrueFalseItdoesnt

say

1.Mostvolunteerorganizationswantpeoplewithspecialskills.

2.

TheInternethasthebestinformationaboutvolunteerjobs.

3.

Itseasytofindavolunteerjobthatsjustrightforyou.4.

Therearemanydifferentkindsofvolunteerjobs.

LWriting:Writeareviewofamovie,aCD,oraTVshow.Usealthough,

eventhough,andeveniftocontrastideas.

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Laboratory1 Clausesofresult:So/Such(a/an)

Clausesofresultare

usedtoexpressthe

result

ofsomething.

They

are

introducedwith:

so/such(a)(that),etc.

Weuseso:

withadjectivesandadverbs.

The

restaurantisso

popular(that)youhave

to

book

atable

a

week

in

advance.

.

Itwassnowingsoheavily(that)IcouldntseewhereIwasgoing.

.

with much/little+uncountablenounsandmany/few+countable

nounsintheplural.

Therewassomuchnoise(that)Icouldntstudy.

.

Therewassolittlespaceformycar(that)Icouldntparkit.

.

There

weresomanybookstoread(that)Ididntknowwheretostart.

.

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Therewereso

fewhotelsinthe

village(that)

wehadtogosomewhere

else.

.

beforeanadjectivewhichisnotfollowedbyanoun

Thecarwassoexpensive(that)Idecidednottobuyit.

Weusesuchbefore:

a(n)+adjective+singularcountablenoun.

Itwassuchafunnystory(that)everyonelaughed.

adjective+pluralnoun/uncountablenoun.

Itwassuchbadnews(that)shestartedcrying.

alotof+pluralnoun/uncountablenoun.

Therewassuchalotofsnow(that)wecouldntgetoutofthehouse.

Exercise1Fillinthegapswithso,suchorsucha(n).

1. Sheruns.fastthatshewillsurelywinthechampionship.

2. Chris

is..generouspersonthathe

isalwaysgivinghisfriends

gifts.

3. Themusicatthepartynextdoorwas..loudthatIcouldntsleep.

4. Howcanyouswimincoldwater?

5. Wehad..great timewhenwewere inDublin thatwewanttogo

again.

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6. Therewas..muchnoiseintheroomIfounditimpossibleto

concentrateit.

7. Therewere..fewpeopleatthemeetingwehadtocancelit.

8. Shestudies..littlethatitsamazingshepassesherexams.

9. Hes..arrogantpersonthatheneveradmitsthatheiswrong.

10. Haveyoueverseen.politechildrenbefore?

Exercise2Fillinthegapswithso,suchorsucha,suchan.

1.

The

kitten

is..small

that

it

fits

in

the

palm

of

myhand.

2. Hehasstrongmuscles thathecan lift thefrontpart

ofacar.

3. Thebookwasdifficultthat

shecouldnt

understandit.

4. It

was.tall

tree

that

the

children

couldntclimbit.

5. Thefilmshewatchedlastnightwas....scarythatshe

couldntsleepafterwards.

6. Itwas...hotdaythatwewentto

thebeach.

7. Theboxwas.heavy thatIdropped iton

thefloor.

8. Shewashaving.....awfultimeatthepartythatshedecidedto

gohome.

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9. Theyareplayingthemusic.loudlythatIcanthearaword

youaresaying.

10. Thereweremanypeopleatthereceptionthatwecouldnt

findaplacetosit.

ClausesofReason:Weuseclausesofreasontoexpressthereasonfor

something.Theyareintroducedwith:

as/since

Shegotuplateas/sinceitwasSunday.

.

because

IateasandwichbecauseIwashungry.

.

becauseof/dueto+noun

Theroadwasclosedbecauseof/duetobadweather.

.

because

of

the

fact

/

due

to

the

fact

that

Becauseof /dueto the fact that

therewasbadweather, the roadswereclosed.

Exercise3Complete eachsentencewith twoor fivewords,includingthewordinbold.

1. Sandratookandumbrellawithherbecauseitwasraining.

since

Sandratookandumbrellawithher..

raining.

2. Hedidntpasshisexam,sohewasupset.

dueHewasupsethedidntpasshisexam.

3. Shedidnthaveanytomatoes,soshedidntmakeasalad.

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asShedidntmakeasalad.anytomatoes.

4. Therewasalotoftraffic,sotheywerelateforwork.

because

Theywerelateforwork..of

traffic.

5. Hewasfiredbecausehewasverylazy.

dueHewasfiredhewasverylazy.

Exercise4Jointhesentencesusingthewordinbrackets.

BriancantplayfootballonSaturday.Hehasbrokenhisleg.(because)

BriancantplayfootballonSaturdaybecausehehasbrokenhisleg.

1.Darrenhatesflying.HecantgotoAustralia.(since)

..

2.Icouldntgototheconcert.Idspendallmymoney.(as)

..

3.MartinisawayforChristmas.Hellmisstheparty.(since)

..

4.Sarahmissedtheweddingreception.Shefellill.(because)

..

5.Itstheendofterm.Wellplaysomegames.(as)

..

6.IvealwaysdreamtofgoingtoRussia.IstudiedRussianhistoryat

university.(because)

..

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7.HereallylikesGunsnRoses.Iboughthim theirlatestalbum forhis

holiday.(since)

..

8.Heslazy.Hellfailhisexams.(because)

..

9.Therewassomuchtraffic.Iwaslateforwork.(because)

..

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Laboratory2

PurposeClausesofpurpose

the

infinitive

alone

e.g.

Ill

call

Mary

to

invite

her

to

dinner.

HewenttoItalytostudyarchitecture.Theybuiltareservationparktoprotecttheanimals.

sothat+will/can/would/could

WillandCanareusedwhenthemainverbisinthePresentSimple,PresentPerfectorFuturetenseandhaveapresentorfuturereference.

WouldandCouldare

usedwhenthemainverbisina

pasttenseandhaveapastreference.

e.g.

IwillgotoItalysothatIcanstudyarchitecture.

Ihavelitacandlesothatwellfindourwayout.

WewenttoItalysothatIcouldstudyarchitecture.

Ilitacandlesothatwewouldfindourwayout.

Exercise1Underlinethecorrectword(s),asanexample.

1. Shewenttothechemistssothat/togetsomecoughsyrup.

2. Heboughtavideoinorderto/sothatrecordhisfavoriteprograms.

3. Theyleftthehouseearlysothat/totheywouldarriveontime.

4. Hegoestothegymeverydayinorderto/sothathecanlosesomeweight.

5. ShewenttoMadridto/sothatlearnSpanish.

6. Theysoldtheirhousesothat/totheycouldbuyabungalow.

7. Theyarrivedearly

in

order

not

to/

not

tomissthefireworkdisplay.

8. Shewenttothecountrysidesothat/totakeawalkinthefreshair.

9. IorderedaChinesetakeawayinorderto/sothatIwouldnthaveto

cook.

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Exercise2Join the sentencesusing theword(s) inbrackets,as in theexample.

1. Iveenrolledonanartcourse.Iwanttolearnhowtodraw.(to)

Ive

enrolled

on

an

art

course

to

learn

how

to

draw.

2. Shecircledthedayonhercalendar.Shedidntwanttomissthe

appointment.(sothat)

. .

3. Sheboughtaphonecard

from the shop.Shewantedtomakesomephonecalls.(inorderto)

. .

4. Hewrotedowntheaddress.Hedidntwanttoforgetit.(inordernot

to)

. .

5. Pierre is takinggourmetcookeryclasses.Hewantstobeachef.(sothat)

. .

6. Heislearningkarate.Hewantstobeabletodefendhimself.(sothat)

. .

7. Thenursecameintothewaitingroom.Shewantedtocallthenextpatient.(to)

. .

8. Shewent tobedat tenoclock.Shedidntwant towakeup late the

nextmorning.(inordernotto)

. .

9. Annworkedhard.Shewantedtofinishherreportontime.(sothat)

. .

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10. Weshouldsetupmorewildlifeparks.Wemustprotectanimalsfromhunters.(inorderto)

. .

11. Suecalledherbestfriend.Shewantedtotellherthegreatnews.(to)

. .

12. TheyputthegiftsundertheChristmastree.Theywantedthechildrentoseetheminthemorning.(sothat)

. .

13. Theyarethrowingabigparty.Theywanttocelebratetheir10th

weddinganniversary.(inorderto)

. .

14. He

bought

a

second-handcar.

Hedidnt

want

tospendtoomuch

money.(inorderto)

. .

Exercise3Jointhefollowingsentencesusingtoorsothat.

1.

Weshouldfindawaytomakeenvironmentally-friendlypaperwithoutwood.Wewillsavetherainforests.

...

2.Theydecidedtobuildawildlifepark.Theybelievedthattheanimals

wouldbeprotected.

...

3.Weshouldallstartcaringmoreaboutourplanet.Wewillmakeita

better

place

for

generations

to

live.

...

4.Westoppedusingaerosols.Wedidntwanttodamagetheozone

layer.

...

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TotalkaboutthePURPOSSEofsomethingwecanuseinorder/soas

+to-infinitive:

Hetookthecourseinordertogetabetterjob.

Treesarebeingplantedbytheroadsidesoastoreducetrafficnoise.

Tomakeanegativesentencewithinorder/soas+to-infinitive,weput

notbeforetheto-infinitive:

Hekeptthespeechvagueinordernottocommithimselftooneside

ortheother.

Thelandwasboughtquicklysoasnottodelaythebuildingwork.

Youcantuseanegativeifyouuseonlyato-infinitive:

Icarriedtheknifecarefullyinorder/soasnottocutmyself.(not

carefullynottocut)

However,comparenegativesentenceswithinorder/soas/to-infinitive+

but:

Icametoseeyou

not

(in

order

to

/so

as

)

to

complain,but

(in

orderto/soas)toapologise.

Exercise5

Correctanymistakesinthesesentences.(A-D)

1.Iputamatunderthehopcupforstoppingitdamagingthetable.

2.SoworriedTomwaswhenPeterdidntarrive,thathecalledthelocal

hospital.

3.

Sopreciselythevictimdescribedtheattacker,thatthepoliceknewimmediatelywhoitwas.

4.

Hetookthejobinordernottoearnmoremoney,buttolivecloser

hissister.

5.

DonsangsobadlythatIhadtolookawaynotsoastolaughathim.

6.Thenewpaintisexcellenttocoverwallswithcracksin.

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Wedontusetowithtell.

Sayandtoldarealsousedwiththefollowingexpressions:


LABORATORY3 Reportedspeech/

Directspeechisthewordssomebodysaid.Weusequotationmarks()indirectspeech.Igraduatedlastyear,Pamelasaid.

Reportedspeech istheexactmeaningofwhatsomeonesaid,butnottheexactwords.Wedonotusequotationmarksinreportedspeech.Wecaneitherusethewordthataftertheintroductoryverborwecanomitit.

Pamelasaid(that)shehadgraduatedtheyearbefore.

Say/Tell

Wecanusesayandtellinbothdirectandreportedspeech.

Tell

is

always

used

with

a

personal

pronoun,

but

say

may

beusedwithorwithoutapersonalpronoun.

Sayisalwaysfollowedbytheprepositiontowhenitisusedwithanobjectpronoun.Inreportedspeech,sayisnotfollowedbyanobjectpronoun,butitcanbefollowedbythat.

Say

Goodmorning/afternoon/evening,etc.,onesprayers,afewwords,nomore,so,etc.Tell

Thetruth,alie,asecret,astory,the time,thedifference,somebodyonesname,somebodytheway,onesfortune,onefromanother,etc.

61

Directspeech Reportedspeech

He

said,

Jane

is

late

again.

He

said

to

me

,

Jane

is

late

again.

Hetold me,Janeislate

again.

He

said

(that)

Jane

was

late

again.

Hesaid(that)/toldme(that)

Janewaslateagain.

He

toldme

(that)Janewaslate

again.

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.

1.(,

.)

2.

(

.)

3.(

.)

:

.

.

that

.

.

I. Reportedstatements/

Reportedstatementsareusuallyintroducedwithsay(that)ortell(that).

HehasworkedfortheDialyMirror,shesaid.

Shesaid(that)hehadworkedfortheDialyMirror.Personal

pronouns,

possessive

adjectives/possessive

pronounschangeaccordingtothemeaningofthesentence.

Isawayoungwomanrunningalongthestreet,shesaid.Shesaid

thatshehadseenayoungwomanrunningalongthestreet.Whentheintroductoryverbisinapastetense,theverbtenses

changeasfollows:

62

Direct

speech Reported

speech

Presentsimple

Iamthirsty,theboysaid.

Presentcontinuous

Hessleeping,shesaidtome.

Presentperfect

Pastsimple

Theboysaid(that)hewasthirsty.

Pastcontinuous

Shetoldme(that)hewassleeping.

Pastperfect

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Ihavewashedthecar,hesaid.Pastsimple

Iplayedfootball,Johnsaid.

Pastcontinuous

Hesaid(that)hehadwashedthecar.Pastsimple/Pastperfect

John

said

that

he

played

/

had

playedfootball.

Pastcontinuous/PastperfectWeweredancingallnightlong,continuous

shesaid.Futuresimple

Illtryagaintomorrow,hesaid.

Shesaid(that)theyweredancing/hadbeendancingallnightlong.

Conditional(would)

Hesaid(that)hewouldtryagainthenextday.

EXERCISE1 Fill in thegapswith thecorrectpronoun orpossessive

adjective.

Jamessaid,MybosswantsmetogotoLondontomorrow.

63

Timeexpressions/

.

Directspeech Reportedspeech

tonight, today, this

week/month/year

now

yesterday,last

night/week/month/year

tomorrow,next

week/month/year

twodays/month/year,etc.ago

-thatnight,thatday,thatweek/month/year

-then,atthattime/moment,

immediately-

the day before/the

previousday, theprevious

night/week/month/year

- thefollowingday/thedayafter,thefollowing/next

week/month/year

-twodays/month/year,etc.before

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JamessaidhisbosswantedhimtogotoLondonthe

followingday.Marysaid,Imwaitingformysontocomeoutofschool.

Marysaid thatshe..waswaitingforher..son tocomeoutof

school.

1.Georgesaid,Iveboughtanewcarformymum.

Georgesaid(1)hadboughtanewcarfor(2)..mum.

2.Juliesaidtome,Ineedyoutohelpmewiththeshopping.

Julietoldmethat(3)..needed(4)..tohelp(5)withthe

shopping.

3.

Johnsaid,

Id

like

totake

you

out

todinner.

Johnsaid(6)dliketotake(7).outtodinner.

4.

HelensaidtoJane,Ithinkyournewhaircutislovely.

HelentoldJanethat(8)..thought(9)newhaircutwas

lovely.

EXERCISE2

Turnthefollowingsentencesintoreportedspeech.

Robinsaid,Thesebiscuitstastedelicious.

Robinsaid(that)thebiscuitstasteddelicious.

1.IcantseeyouthisafternoonbecauseIvegotalottodo,Annsaid

tome

Ann told me

...

2.

Shecameintotheroomholdingsomelettersinherhandandsaid, I

foundthesewhileIwastidyingthedeskdrawers.

3.

Fionasaid,

Thatpicturewaspaintedbymygreat-grandfather.

4.Thoseweregoodtimesformyfamily.Jacksaid.

5.I receivedaparcel thismorning,but Ihaventopened ityet,Tom

said.

6.

Youmustntdothatagain,MumsaidtoBob.

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7.Theseshoesarewornout.Youdbetter throw themaway.Mum

saidtome.

II. Reportedquestions:Weintroducereportedquestionwithask,

inquire,wonderorwanttoknow.

When thedirectquestionbeginswithaquestionword(who,where,

howold/long,when,why,what,etc.)thereportedquestionbegins

withthesamequestionword.

Wheredoyoulike?heaskedme.-HeaskedmewhereIlived.

When

the

direct

question

is

a

yes/no

question

and

begins

with

an

auxiliary

(be,

do,

have)

or

a

modal

verb

(can,

may,

etc.)

then

the

reportedquestionbeginswithiforwhether.

DidTomgotobedlatelastnight?sheaskedme.Sheaskedme

if/whetherTomwent/hadgonetobedlatethepreviousnight.

Inreportedquestion,theverbisintheaffirmative.Thequestion

markandwords/expressionssuchasplease,well,oh,etc.,are

omitted.Verb

tenses,pronouns

andpossessive

adjectives

changeas

instatements.

Canyouopenthewindow,please?sheasked.Sheaskedme

if/whetherIcouldopenthewindow.

:.

EXERCISE

3

Turn

the

following

sentences

into

reported

questions.

Wheredoyoulive?Iaskedher.

Iaskedherwhereshelived..

1.Howoldwillyoubeonyournextbirthday?heaskedme.

2.Whereisyourumbrella?sheaskedherdaughter.

3.Doyoulikeplayingfootball?Johnaskedus.65

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4.Thebossasked,Whattimeareyougoinghometoday?

5.Willyoutakethechildrentoschooltoday?heasked.

6.Whocalledyoutoday?sheasked.

7.

Whenwillyoudecoratethekitchen?Marthaasked.

8.

Whobrokemyvase?Iasked.

9.Fatherasked,Willyouhelpmelifttheseboxes,please?

10. Canyouspeakaforeignlanguage?'sheaskedher.

III.Weintroducereportedcommands

orinstructionswiththe

introductoryverbs

orderor

tell

+

somebody

+

(not)

to

infinitive

Dontmove,shesaidtohim.Sheorderedhimnottomove.

(command)

Putthegroceriesaway,shesaid tothem.She toldthemtoput the

groceriesaway.

(Instruction)

We

introduce

requests

in

reported

speech

with

the

introductory

verbs.

(please.)

askorbeg+somebody+(not)toinfinitive.Thedirect sentence

usuallycontainsthewordplease

Pleasehelpme,KatesaidtoJim.KateaskedJimtohelpher.

Please,pleasecallanambulancehesaid toJune.He

begged

June

to

callanambulance.

EXERCISE4Turnthefollowingsentencesintoreportedspeech.

1.Theguardsaidtothedriver,Stop!

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2.Thedoctorsaidtothepatient,Comebacktoseemeagainnextweek.

3.Hesaid,Shallwegoforawalk?

4.Shesaidtohim,Please,pleasedontleaveme!

5.JennysaidtoDave,Pleasehelpmewiththis.

6.Shesaidtohim,Openthewindow,please.

7.Mothersaid,Howaboutgoingforadrive?

8.Shesaid,Letseatnow.

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Readingandtranslationsection

Text1Pre-intermediateReadingComprehensionTest-4

Dinosaurswerereptiles that livedduringaperiodofEarthshistorycalledtheMesozoicEra,whichisalsoknownastheAgeofReptiles.The

firstdinosaursappearedmorethan200millionyearsago.Formany

millionsofyears,theydominatedthelandwiththeirhugesizeand

strength.Thenabout65millionyearsago, theydiedout rathersuddenly,

nevertoreemerge.

ThewordDinosaurscomesfromtwoGreekwordsmeaning

terrible

lizards,

but

their

appearance

could

be

truly

terrifying.

The

biggestoneweighedmorethantentimesasmuchasamatureelephantand

nearlyequaled thesizeofmostmoderndaywhales.Thefamouskindsof

dinosaurs,includingthebrontosaurandtyrannosaurusrex,reached80to

90feetinlength.Notalldinosaursweregiants,however,somewere

actuallynotlargerthanachicken.

Scientistsstilldonotknowwhatcauseddinosaurstodisappear.One

theory

involves

a

change

in

the

earths

climate.

It

is

believed

that

temperaturesdroppedsignificantlytowardstheendoftheCretaceous

Period.Toolargetohibernateandnothavingfurorfeathersforprotection,

itispossible thattheclimatebecame toochillyfordinosaurs.Incontrast,

otherspecieshavingprotection,suchasmammalsandbirds,wereable to

survive.

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Evensincehumanshave inhabited theearth, theyhavemadeuseof

variousformsofcommunication.Generally,thisexpressionofthoughts

andfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguage

barriercommunicationisaccomplishedthroughsignlanguageinwhich

motionsstand

forletters,

words

and

ideas.Tourists,

thedeaf

andmute

havehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsof

wholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeused

internationally,spelling,however,cannot.

Body

language

transmits

idea

of

thoughts

by

certain

actions,

either

intentionally

or

unintentionally.

A

wink

can

be

a

way

of

flirting

or

indicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking.Anodsignifiesapproval,while

shakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.

OtherformsnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille(asystem

ofraiseddotsreadwithfingertips),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmoke

signals.Roadmapsandpicturesingsalsoguide,warn,andinstructpeople.

Whole

verbalization

is

the

most

common

form

of

language,

other

systemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeelings.

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Despitethefactthattoomuchfatcanbeharmful,amoderatefatintakeis

actuallyessentialtothemaintenanceofgoodhealth.Someofthe

symptoms

of

fat

deficiency

include

flaking

skins,

emaciation,

reduced

functioningof the immunesystem,andfertilityproblems.Recentstudies

havelinkedfat

freedietstoincreasestressandaggression,andnotethat

thosewhotrytoeliminatefatcompletelyfromtheirfoodintakemaybeat

risk fordevelopingeatingdisorders:asmallamountof fat inamealwill

produceafeelingofsatietywhichlastsmuchlongerthanthesensationof

fullnessproducedbyproteinorcarbohydrates.

Atleasttwoteaspoonsoffatperdayisneededinorderfordigestive

system

toabsorbvitaminsA,D,EandK,

whicharefat

soluble.

These

vitaminsareessentialforhealthyhair,skin,teethandeyes.Withoutthe

abilitytoabsorbthesevitamins,childrenruntheriskofdevelopmentaland

neurologicaldisorders.Adultsneedthesevitaminstomanufacturefertility

hormones.

Sometypesoffatactuallyhelptoreduceharmfulcholesterollevels.Polyunsaturated

fats

such

as

corn,

soybean

and

sesame

oil,

and

monounsaturatedfatslikechickenfatandoliveoil,seem tolowerblood

cholesterol,whilesaturatedfats-thosefoundinredmeat,dairyproducts

and tropicaloils-seem to raise the levelof thekindofcholesterolwhich

accumulatesasplagueonarterialwalls.Payingattentiontothetypeoffat

consumedifjustasimportantasreducingtotalfatintake.

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Whatmakesitrain?

Rain

falls

from

cloudsfor

thesame

reason

anythingfallstoEarth.TheEarthsgravitypullsit.Buteverycloudis

made

of

water

droplets

or

ice

crystal.

Why

doesnt

rain

or

snow

fall

constantlyfromallclouds?Thedropletsoricecrystalsonthemisminute.

Aircurrentsmoveandliftdropletssothatthenetdownwarddisplacement

itzero,eventhoughthedropletsareinconstantmotion.

Dropletsoricecrystalsbehavesomewhatlikedustintheairmade

visibleinashaftofsunlight.Tothecasualobserver,dustseemstoactina

totallyrandom

fashion,

moving

about

chaotically

without

fixed

direction.

But

in

fact

dust

participles

are

much

larger

than

water

droplets

and

they

finallyfall.The

average

size

of

acloud

dropletis

only0.0004

inch

in

diameter.Itissosmallthatitwouldtakesixteenhourstofallhalfamilein

perfectlystillair,anditdoesntfalloutofmovingairatall.Onlywhenthe

dropletgrowstoadiameterof0.008inchorlargercanitfallfromthe

cloud.Theaverageraindropcontainsamilliontimesasmuchwaterasa

tinyclouddroplet.Thegrowthaclouddroplet toasize largerenough to

falloutisthecauseofrainandotherformsofprecipitation.Thisimportant

growthprocessiscalledcoalescence.

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Canning

isa

methodofpreservingfood

overextended

periods

of

time.

Theprocess involvessealingfood incontainersandheating it inorder to

killbacteriathatcouldeventuallycausespoilage.Whilemostcannedfood

isproducedbycommercialcompanies,someisdoneathome.

Homegrownfruitsandvegetablessuchasapplesandtomatoesare

themostpopularfoodstocan.Evencertainkindsofmeataresuitablefor

canning.However,itisnotadvisabletoheatproductssuchasavocados

becauseofthechangesintasteandtexturethatoccur.Otherfoods,

including

cucumbers

and

peppers,

can

be

canned

only

if

they

are

first

pickledandthencookedatverylowtemperatures.

Properlycannedfoodcanbesavedforas longas threeyears.Ifnot

properly

sealed,

thefoodcanbespoiledbythegrowthoforganisms.In

severecase,bacteriacancauseafatalformofpoisoningcalled

botulism.For this reason, it isvery important tocheck thesealof the

jarorbottleregularlytomakesureithasremainedundisturbed.

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Text6IntermediateReadingComprehensionTest-19

Withtheonsetof thewinterseason,man'snaturalenemies,thecommon

coldandtheflu,arrivewithfullforce.Itseemsthatthefluctuationsin

temperature

and

weather

are

guarantees

that

coughs

and

sneezes

will

spreadinfectinggermsamongfamilyandfriends.

Morethan100different

typesofbacteriacancausea

cold,anddoctors

sometimesuseantibioticstotreatbacterialcolds.However,therearean

equalnumberofvirusesthatcancauseinfluenza,andmodernscience

offers

nodrug

capable

ofcuring

viral

infections.

Inmostcases,

the

best

adviceistheusualprescription:getplentyofrest,drinkalotoffluids,and

bepreparedtosufferforthreetotendays.

Some

homecureshelptorelievethe

symptomsofcoldsandflues.

Mother'schickensoup,rich infatsandoilshelp to revitalizea tiredbody

andtosootheasorethroat.Garlic,containingtheactiveingredientAlicia,

haslongbeenusedtofightofftheeffectsofbacteriaandviruses.Hot

toddiesconsistingofsmallamountsofliquormixedwithhoney,sugar,

andthatlargedoesofvitaminCnotonlyboosttheimmunesystembefore

acoldarrives,butalsorelievecoldsymptomsaftertheyhavesetin.

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Text7IntermediateReadingComprehensionTest-20

Westernpeoplerelyontechnicaland

mechanicalsolutionsin

everything

theydo.Refrigeratorspreservetheirfood,washingmachinescleantheir

underwearandcomputersaresupposed tosolveall theirproblems.When

theyareill,theyrelyonthesurgeon'sknife.Iftheirheartsarerunning

down, then theymustberepaired; if theycannotberepaired, theyshould

bereplaced,justasanoldcarsometimesgetsanewengine.Butuptonow

wehavehadashortageofdonorstogivetheirhearts: tokeeponeperson

alive,anotherdonorhad\todie.

Nowadaysthereismoreandmoretalkaboutusingmonkeys.Every

monkey

has

a

near-human

heart,

and

humans

have

always

been

over

carefulinrespectingthelivesandwell-beingofotheranimals.This

includesthelifeandwell-beingofotherhumans.Thereforeintheearly

yearsof

the21stcentury-Iwas

told-the

mass

killingsof

monkeysmay

occur.We'llneedtousetheirheartsforhumanconsumption.

Monkeys,onthewhole,arehappiercreaturesthantheirnearrelatives.

HomoSapiens,orman.They

knowfear,

ofcourse,andthey

face

real

dangers,

but

they

are

also

more

intelligent

than

us.

They

create

no

unnecessarydangersfor

themselves;theyrunnobusinesses,chaseno

money,areunimpressedbygoldthatutterlyuselessmetal,andtheydonot

careatallabouthellorevilspirits.Ihaveavaguefeelingthatitisnot

moneys'heartsthatweoughttoimplantinourselves,butmonkeys'brains.

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Conversation2

Familyobligations(Touchstone3Workbookp.26)

Kyle:IhateMondays!

Naomi:Metoo.Theyretheworst.

Kyle:Yeah,Mondayiswhenmymomhasmecleantheentirehouse.

Naomi:Really?Bymyself?Mybrotheralwayshelpsmedothechores.

Kyle:Well,my littlesisterneverhelps.Mymomjust letsherplayvideo

gamesallday!

Naomi:Thatsnotfair!

Conversation3

ImOKfornow(Touchstone3Workbookp.39)

Peggy:Wouldyoulikesomemoreicedtea?

Nora:No,

thanks,

maybe

later.

Ive

got

enough

here.

Peggy:Gosh, therewerea lotof frieshere. Istillhavesome left.Would

youlikeafew?

Nora:Nothanks.Imfine.Imtryingtocutdownonthingslikefries.You

didnthavemuchsalad.Takesomeofmycarrots.

Peggy:ImOKfor

now.

But

thanks.You

know,

they

have

the

best

chocolatecakehere.Youshouldtrysome.

Nora:Imfinereally.Imtryingtoeatlesssugar,too.

Peggy:Oh.Well,areyougoingtohavecoffee?

Nora:ImOKfornow.Maybelater.

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Conversation4(Touchstone3Workbookp.42)

Whatareyoudoingafterwork?

Ahmed:HeyFinn.Whatareyoudoingafterworktonight?

Finn:Ihavenoplans.Imjustgoinghome.Why?Whatareyouupto?

Ahmed:Well,Imgoingtothegymaround5:00,butafterthat,Ihav

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