ekosistema na klimatske ryan bartlett, wwf-us
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Adaptacija slatkovodnih ekosistema na klimatske promene
Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US
![Page 2: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ključne lekcije
Voda je medijum kroz koji de se izraziti mnogi uticaji klimatskih promena.
Uticaji de se manifestovati na 3 načina: ekstremne nepogode, sezonske promene, i promene stanja.
Slatkovodni ekosistemi de prodi kroz pogoršanje kombinovano sa uticajima razvoja i klimatskih pritisaka.
![Page 3: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ekološki:
• Osetljivi na:– kvantitet– kvalitet– vremenski okvir
• Međusobno povezani– Uzvodno do nizvodno– Glečeri do delti– Planine do grebena
Slatkovodni ekosistemi
© Ryan Bartlett
![Page 4: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Upravljanje
• Nedostatak informacija
• Visoko izmenjeni od strane čoveka
• Sporno vlasništvo i regulacija
Slatkovodni ekosistemi
![Page 5: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
EVAPORATION &
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
Fizičke promene vodenog ciklusa
Više temperature
Povedane padavine
Povedana evapotranspiracija
Povedano spiranje nutrienata
?
![Page 6: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Temperature
Precipitation
Fizičke promene vodenog ciklusa
?
?
![Page 7: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Šta bi moglo
da se desi
Šta nije verovatno ali bi
moglo da se desi
Povedanje neizvesnosti
![Page 8: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Trendovi slatkovodnih ekosistema
Suša
PoplavaEkstremi
Sezonske promene
Promene stanja
![Page 9: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ekstremne nepogode
• Povedana učestalost i jačina
– suše
– šumski požari
– poplave
• Povedana varijabilnost, fluktiacija
– duge suše pradene jakim poplavama
© Bruce Davidson
![Page 10: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ekstremne nepogode: Uticaji
Photos © NYTimes
Intenzivni toplotni
talasiDivlji požari
Uništavanje useva
SušaPropadanje
useva
Neizvesnost o dostupnosti
hrane
Poplava ErozijaUništavanje
infrastrukture
![Page 12: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sezonske promene
• Promene u obrascima padavina
–Početak i prestanak sezonskih padavina
–Duža sušna sezona, krada sezona padavina
–Skradivanje trajanja sušnih i kišnih sezona
• Promene vodnog režima
–Trajanje i intenzitet sušne i kišne sezone
© Bart Wickel
![Page 14: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Odložen početak kišne sezone
Smanjena proizvodnja
energije
Smanjena dostupnost
energije
Duža sušna sezona
Smanjenje broja godišnjih
useva
Smanjena dostupnost
hrane
Sezonske promene: Uticaji
Promene u vodnom režimu
Promene životnih ciklusa biljaka/životinja
Smanjenje raznovrsnosti vodenih vrsta
![Page 15: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Režimi požara
• Višegodišnji → povremeni potoci
• Slatka voda brakična obalna vlažna staništa
• Oligotrofna eutrofna vlažna staništa, jezera
Nivo promene stanja
![Page 16: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Višegodišnji potoci postaju
povremeni
Vodene celine postaju
nepovezane
Gubitak proizvodnje ribe
Povedanje temperature
potoka
Gubitak staništa za mrest
Gubitak raznovrsnosti vodenih vrsta
Nivo promene stanja: Uticaji
![Page 17: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sinergijski odnosi
Klimatski i ne-klimatski pritisci međusobno reaguju da bi pojačali uticaje
1 + 1 = 3
![Page 18: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sinergijski odnosi
Uticaji neodrživog
razvoja
Kvantitet, kvalitet, vremenski okvir
Uticaji klimatskih promena
Kvantitet, kvalitet, vremenski okvir
Kombinovani, vedi uticaji
![Page 19: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sinergijski odnosi: Kina
intenzivnije padavine
kanalisanje glavnog
toka
izgradnja malih
brana povećane poplave i
smanjena
produktivnost
poljoprivrede
© Bart Wickel
![Page 20: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Skraćenje trajanja snežne sezone
uzvodno
Gubitak povezanosti
Sinergijski odnosi: Južna Azija
![Page 21: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
gubitak povezanosti sa
plavnim područijima
Sinergijski odnosi: Srbija
intenzivnije padavine
povećanje poplava
na uzvodnom delu
toka
![Page 22: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Adaptacija slatkovodnih ekosistema na klimatske promene: Šta možemo da učinimo?
© Stringer Indonesia / Reuters;
![Page 23: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Srednji & Donji Yangtze: “Zemlja hiljadu jezera”
![Page 24: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pretpostavljeno stalna klima Promenljiva klima
Matthews & Wickel, Embracing Uncertainty, 2009
Kako ovo izgleda?
![Page 25: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Kako olakšati promenu?
• Politike
• Institutucije
• Infrastruktura– “klima-pametno”
lociranje i dizajn
© Galen Rowell/WWF-US
• Ekosistemi– Povedavaju povezanost
– Smanjuju pritiske čoveka
– Identifikuju i štite refugijume
![Page 26: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ekosistemi: Povezanost
Planirana brana
Koja lokacija brane najviše
ograničava povezanost?
Očuvanje veza unutar i između ekosistema tako da vrste mogu da se premeštaju u povoljnija podneblja
![Page 27: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 30: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ekosistemi: Refugijumi
• Područja zaštidena od velikih klimatskih promena:
– Duboka jezera na reci Mekong
– Trajna vlažna staništa u Okavango Delti
– Višegodišnje reke i potoci
– Eevropske šume na višim nadmorskim visinama
©International Rivers
![Page 31: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Pitanja?
![Page 32: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
osvrt
![Page 33: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
prilagođavanje slatkovodnih ekosistema
![Page 34: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
3 stvari za zapamtiti
![Page 40: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
je medijum kroz koji se odvija najviše klimatskih uticaja
voda
![Page 41: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
de se ispoljiti na 3 načina
uticaji
![Page 42: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
ekstremne nepogode
sezonske promene
promene stanja
![Page 43: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Slatkovodni ekosistemi de iskusiti
uticaje pritisaka razvoja i klimatskih promena
sinergijske
![Page 44: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
ostavite ih da teku
![Page 46: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• Unutrašnji procesi
– Tehnička izgradnja kapaciteta
• Monitoring klime i toka
• Hidro modeliranje
– Razmatranje i prerada strategija i radova
• Prilagodljivo upravljanje
Institucije
![Page 47: ekosistema na klimatske Ryan Bartlett, WWF-US](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012407/616a2b4411a7b741a34f8efa/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• Lociranje
– Izbegavanje refugijuma
– Maksimizacija povezanosti
• Protočne (“Run-of-the-river“)
• Pritoke
• Dizajn
– IHA protokol o proceni održivosti:
• Mala razmera, protočne
• Izvođenje
– Održavanje ekoloških tokova
Infrastruktura