ekm motor class 2

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EKM PAPERS Marine Engineering Knowledge Motor Quetions. EXAMINATION OF MARINE ENGINEER OFFICER Function: Marine Engineering at Management Level MARINE ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE Answer SIX Questions only. April 2010. Same as March 2010. March 2010. Questions March 2010. Dec 2009, SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008, With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed 4stroke engines Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating condition Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure. Describe as second engineer your strategy for preventing bolt failure Question March 2010. SR 11, 9 2008. Sr 12 2007. Jan 2006 With reference to crankcase diaphragm glands: Explain why effectiveness deteriorates in service; Describe the procedure for renewal of parts so that efficiency is restored; Describe how effectiveness is restored if spares are unavailable; Explain the functions of the upper and lower sections. Question March 2010. SR 4 2009, 11, 9 2008. 2006 Sept Jan 2006 While operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel. As 2nd Engineer Officer explain the immediate action which should be taken to ensure safe operation of the engine. State, with reasons, the possible places where water could enter the fuel system. State with reason the standing Instructions you As 2nd Engineer Officer would issue with respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problems due to water in the fuel. Question Sr No 2 FEB 2007 With reference to UMS engine remote control and monitoring system: (a) In the event of complete failure of such monitoring and; control systems state, with reasons, how you; as Second Engineer, would organize the engine room Staff to ensure safe operation of the engine during: (i) Normal deep sea conditions, (ii) Maneuvering, State, with reasons, SIX important engine parameters which should be manually monitored following failure of the UMS system Explain how the cause of failure of the UMS system may be traced- Question Sr No 2 FEB 2007 (a) Describe how crankshaft alignment is checked Page 1

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Page 1: ekm motor class 2

EKM PAPERS

Marine Engineering Knowledge Motor Quetions.

EXAMINATION OF MARINE ENGINEER OFFICER

Function: Marine Engineering at Management Level

MARINE ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE

Answer SIX Questions only.

April 2010.

Same as March 2010.

March 2010.Questions March 2010. Dec 2009, SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed 4stroke enginesExplain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditionExplain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried outIdentify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure.Describe as second engineer your strategy for preventing bolt failure

Question March 2010. SR 11, 9 2008. Sr 12 2007. Jan 2006With reference to crankcase diaphragm glands:Explain why effectiveness deteriorates in service;Describe the procedure for renewal of parts so that efficiency is restored;Describe how effectiveness is restored if spares are unavailable;Explain the functions of the upper and lower sections.

Question March 2010. SR 4 2009, 11, 9 2008. 2006 Sept Jan 2006While operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.As 2nd Engineer Officer explain the immediate action which should be taken to ensure safe operation of the engine.State, with reasons, the possible places where water could enter the fuel system.State with reason the standing Instructions you As 2nd Engineer Officer would issuewith respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problemsdue to water in the fuel.

Question Sr No 2 FEB 2007With reference to UMS engine remote control and monitoring system:(a) In the event of complete failure of such monitoring and; control systems state,with reasons, how you; as Second Engineer, would organize the engine room Staff to ensure safe operation of the engine during:(i) Normal deep sea conditions,(ii) Maneuvering,State, with reasons, SIX important engine parameters which should be manually monitored following failure of the UMS systemExplain how the cause of failure of the UMS system may be traced-

Question Sr No 2 FEB 2007(a) Describe how crankshaft alignment is checked

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EKM PAPERSIdentify with-reasons the causes of crankshaft misalignmentState How the measurements are recorded

Question Sr No 2 FEB 2007(a) Define the following conditions relating to lubricating oil(i) Oxidation (ii) Emulsification (iii) AcidityExplain how each of the conditions in Q3 (a) is controlled by maintenanceSuggest possible consequences if the conditions in Q3 (a) change and no corrective action is taken.

Question Sr 3 2008

It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away. What is done to rectify this condition?Done Sr 3 2008

Question SR 4, 2, 2008, 2006 Aug Sr 6.If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?

Done Sr 4 2008.

Feb 2010.

1Questions Nov, 9, 8, 3, 2008, Sr 8 2007. Jan 2006State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engineExplain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunkpiston engineBriefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:i) Water is presentii) Alkalinity has falleniii) Viscosity has changed appreciablyiv) Carbon content has increasedDone SR 11, 2008

2Questions SR 11, 9 2008, Jan 2006a) A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subject to cracking during thepreceding four monthsi) Explain possible reasons for this crackingii) State with reasons the instructions you, as Chief or 2nd Engineer, would issue in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover crackingCylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months.Write a brief report to the Engineering Superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes, the immediate action taken to deal with the problemand the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidentsDone SR 11, 2008

3Question SR 11, 9 2008.Page 2

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EKM PAPERSDifficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at set valueState 3 possible causesState how each of these causes may be detectedDescribe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of ME plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipmentDone SR 11, 2008

Question Class 2 2006 AugWith reference to piston ringsState the causes of breakageState how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakageExplain the possible consequence W.R.T. performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severly worn rings

QuestionAs 2nd Engineer describe the procedure involved in the complete inspection of a cylinder unit, indicating areas of significant interest.

Question(a) If an auxiliary diesel generator over-speeds and runs away while off the load, explain: -(i) How it can be stopped,(ii) What is likely to be the reasons for the failure.(b) Give-details of what cheeks are made after the machine has been stopped: (i) Mechanically, (ii) Electrically.

QuestionWith reference to main engine starting and reversing:Define the function of air distributors,Give reasons why air distributors are not fitted to some large direct reversing engines.

JAN 2010.

1Question SR11, 9 2008.

With reference to fouling on the gas side of turbochargers, state

What are the common causes and nature of the deposits?

How it effects engine operation

How it is reduced in practice,

2Question. SR 11, 9 2008, Sr 8 2007, Jan 2006

Explain the term ignition quality as applied to marine fuel oils;Page 3

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EKM PAPERS

State, with reasons, the properties of the fuel which can influence ignition quality;

(c) State how an unexpected change in ignition quality would manifest itself in an operating engine.

Explain in detail how an engine would be adjusted in order to burn a fuel having a different ignition quality.

3Questions SR 11, 9 2008. Jan 2006

With reference to torsional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engine gear box and controllable pitch propeller

Explain how the vibrations any be caused

b) State the possible effects and damage that could result

c) Discuss the methods employed to minimise the potential problems associated with torsional vibration

d) Describe how the natural frequency of the system could be modified.

4Question JUNE 2009, Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007, 2006 OCT.

With reference to turbo-chargers:

(a) State how the performance may be assessed;

(b) State how the optimum performance may be maintained;

(c) Explain how two-stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to the machinery avoided if a serious crack is discovered in the turbine end casing such that the turbo-charger may no longer be operated.

5 Question

Electrical power is provided from alternators driven by auxiliary diesel engines.

Using a sketch to illustrate your answer, describe a suitable governor.

Give an account of the governor action to increase the power delivered by the engine in response to a large electrical load increase while also restoring and maintaining the correct frequency.

Explain each of the following:

The necessity for droop;

How droop is affected.

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6 Question.

The emergency generator for a 300 passenger ship has to be completely renewed. The company contracted for work has no previous experience of marine installation

You as the 2nd engineer have been requested to write the specification for the typeand installation of the generator

Outline your proposal for the type of engine.

State the necessary requirement for approval and certification needed.

7 Question Sr 3 2008. 2006 July Sr 5,

a) Describe with the aid of a sketch, the arrangement of valves and passages for a four stroke engine cylinder head, listing materials used.

With reference to [a] indicate where cracking might be expected stating the likely cause.

Explain the different factors that tend to cause distortion of 4stroke cylinder head.

Explain how the effects described in [c] are minimized.

8 Question Sr 3 2008.

State how each of the following defects become apparent

Describe its effect

Leaky air inlet exhaust valves, air starting valve, cracked liner, broken piston ring.

9Questions Nov, 9, 8, 3, 2008, Sr 8 2007. Jan 2006

State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine

Question

Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunkpiston engine

Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:

i) Water is presentPage 5

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EKM PAPERS

ii) Alkalinity has fallen

iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably

iv) Carbon content has increased

Dec 2009

Question 4 2009, Sr 6 2005.

With reference to recent ratification of MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, ships will be required to burn low sulphur (1.5%) fuel oil. Discuss the properties of cylinder liner lubricant for compatibility with this type of fuel and the on board management of operating the engines with two different types of fuel for main engine.

Question JAN 2007, Sr 10 2005

How can an explosion occur in the starting air line of an internal combustion engine and how can the possibility of such an occurrence be reduced?

Sketch and describe devices, which may be fitted to reduce the severity of such an explosion.

State the attention which air starting valves should be given before stand by

Question JAN 2007

The vessel you have recently joined as Second Engineer has suffered from frequent damage to fuel injectors in the form of burned nozzles.

State, with reasons, THREE possible causes of burned injector nozzles.

Explain how you would investigate the cause of the problem.

Explain the procedures you would institute in order to minimize future problems of this nature.

Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007.

State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.

Explain how the causes stated in Q.2(a) may be determined.

Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.

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EKM PAPERS

State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

Question Oct 2009 Sr 2 2008.

Discuss the importance of correct cylinder lubrication in a diesel engine explaining the possible consequences of both over and under lubrication.

Describe the qualities required in a cylinder lubricant for use in an engine burning high viscosity heavy fuel oil.

Difficulties in achieving correctly timed injection

Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,

With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed 4stroke engines

Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating condition

Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out

Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure.

Describe as Chief engineer your strategy for preventing bolt failure

Question March 2009

With ref to large t/c state

Why blades are loosely attached to turbine rotors

How axial movement of blade is prevented

How blade vibration is damped over a vide rage of speed.

With reason state what material are used for rotor and blades of turbine and compressor

Questions SR 3 2009

Inspection of the main engine in the ship to which you have recently been appointedas chief Engineer reveals that a number of cylinders are suffering from burning andcracking of the piston crowns and burning of the upper parts of the liner.

State, with reasons, the possible causes of such damage.

Explain how you would determine the cause of such damage.Page 7

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EKM PAPERS

State the standing instructions, which should be issued with respect to operation and maintenance of the engine in order to ensure that similar damage may be avoidedin the future.

Questions SR 10 2008

(a) Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil.

(b) Explain how an incident of bacterial attack on the main lubricating oil charge of a crosshead engine may be assessed.

(c) Describe the procedure for returning a main engine lubricating oil system to service following a bacterial attack.

Nov 2009

1Question Sr 1 2008. April 2006, Class 4 Sr.No.9 2005

With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain:

(a) Why flyweights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine.

(b) How dead band effects are reduced

(c) How hunting is reduced

(d) How the output torque is increased.

2Question SR 7 2008, July 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006.

With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:

Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;

Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;

Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;

Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.

3Question SR 4 2009, 2006 OCT

(a) Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic Control system.

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EKM PAPERS(b) Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.

4Questions March 2009, 8 2008. Sr 9 2007

Give a list of the properties or test by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use.

Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content.

Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.

5Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007. Sr 7 2005.

State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.

Explain how the causes stated in Q.2(a) may be determined.

Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.

State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

6Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006

State the action to be taken in the event of a scavenge fire;

State the action to be taken after scavenge fire has been extinguished

What are the principle causes of fouling and Fires in the Scavenge Air Spaces

What are the Indications of a fire?

What Fire fighting & Preventive measures would you take?

7Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov, Sr 3 March 2006

Fatigue is one of the main causes of crankshaft failure.

(a) Indicate on a sketch the most likely location of a fatigue crack.

(b) Explain how a fatigue failure is identified.

(c) Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated

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EKM PAPERS(d) Describe with the aid of sketches, the methods used to inhibit fatigue cracks.

8Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006

a) Describe the various types of indicator diagram and discuss the relevance of this method of determining engine performance

b) Suggest how engine performance may be assessed other than by taking indicator cards

Oct 2009

Question Sr 2 2008.

Explain why the use of residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines may be responsible for the following problems with turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades and how, in each case, the problem can be minimised.

Build up of deposits;

Hot corrosion;

Erosion

Question Sr 2 2008.

Explain how static and dynamic imbalance of crankshaft can be overcome.

Discuss the method employed to obtain primary reciprocating balance in an engine and why they are not completely successful

Describe engine addition which may be fitted to overcome problem as resulting from primary or secondary imbalance.

Question Sr 2 2008.

Discuss the importance of correct cylinder lubrication in a diesel engine explaining the possible consequences of both over and under lubrication.

Describe the qualities required in a cylinder lubricant for use in an engine burning high viscosity heavy fuel oil.

Difficulties in achieving correctly timed injection

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EKM PAPERS

Question Sr 2 2008.

State the indication during engine operation that good combustion is taking place.

State the indication during engine operation that defective combustion is taking place.

List with reasons 5 possible causes of defective combustion giving the rectifying action in each case.

Question Sr 2 2008.

State the indication of a leaking cylinder starting air valve.

Suggest with reasons the possible consequences of permitting a leaking starting airvalve to remain in this condition for a extended period of time.

Identify those factors leading to such leakage.

State how leakage can be avoided in practice.

Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007.

State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.

Explain how the causes stated in Q.2 (a) may be determined.

Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.

State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

Done Sr 3 2009.

Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,

With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:

(a) Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;

(b) Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;

(c) Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out

(d) Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.

Done SR 1 2009

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EKM PAPERS

Aug 2009

Question March 2009, Emergy set 2006

Describe with the aid of sketches a turbocharger lubrication system; stating the type of bearing employed

Question March 2009. Sr 7 2005.

Recent experience has shown persistence damage occurring on seating faces of main engine exhaust valve, which is not confined to any particular unit.

State with reason the possible causes

State the short term action to be taken in order to minimize engine operational problem

State with reason how future incident of this nature could be minimized

Question

At a certain speed vibration occurs in a turbocharger.

State with reasons the possible causes

Explain how the cause can be detected and corrected

Explain how the risk of future incidents can be minimized

Question JAN 2007

State four operational conditions that may lead to vibration of main transmission shafting.

Suggest methods to reduce the vibration levels that occur in main transmission shafting.

Question JAN 2007

(a) Sketch diagrammatically a device for controlling the viscosity of the fuel oil to the injectors.

(b) State the value at which the viscosity should be maintained.

(c) If the viscosity controller were to be inoperative what means may then be employed to operate the engine satisfactorily.

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Question Sr 2 2008.

State the indication during engine operation that good combustion is taking place.

State the indication during engine operation that defective combustion is taking place.

List with reasons 5 possible causes of defective combustion giving the rectifying action in each case.

Question Sr 2 2008.

State the indication of a leaking cylinder starting air valve.

Suggest with reasons the possible consequences of permitting a leaking starting airvalve to remain in this condition for a extended period of time.

Identify those factors leading to such leakage.

State how leakage can be avoided in practice.

July 2009

Question Sr 1 2008. April 2006, Class 4 Sr.No.9 2005

With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain:

(a) Why flyweights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine.

(b) How dead band effects are reduced

(c) How hunting is reduced

(d) How the output torque is increased.

Done Nov 2009

Question SR 7 2008, July 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006.

With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:

Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;

Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;

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EKM PAPERS

Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;

Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.

Done Nov 2009

Question SR 4 2009, 2006 OCT

(a) Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic Control system.

(b) Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.

Done Nov 2009

Questions March 2009, 8 2008. Sr 9 2007

Give a list of the properties or test by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use.

Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content.

Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.

Done Nov 2009

Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007. Sr 7 2005.

State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.

Explain how the causes stated in Q.2(a) may be determined.

Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.

State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

Done Nov 2009

Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006

State the action to be taken in the event of a scavenge fire;

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EKM PAPERSState the action to be taken after scavenge fire has been extinguished

What are the principle causes of fouling and Fires in the Scavenge Air Spaces

What are the Indications of a fire?

What Fire fighting & Preventive measures would you take?

Done Nov 2009

Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov, Sr 3 March 2006

Fatigue is one of the main causes of crankshaft failure.

(a) Indicate on a sketch the most likely location of a fatigue crack.

(b) Explain how a fatigue failure is identified.

(c) Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated

(d) Describe with the aid of sketches, the methods used to inhibit fatigue cracks.

Done Nov 2009

Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006

a) Describe the various types of indicator diagram and discuss the relevance of this method of determining engine performance

b) Suggest how engine performance may be assessed other than by taking indicator cards

Done Nov 2009

2009 June

1Question. JUNE 2009

You have been appointed as the Second Engineer of an eight years old vessel; recently purchased by your shipping company. Write a report to the engineering superintendent covering the inspection of main propulsion machinery carried out by you to ensure its trouble free operation.

2Question JUNE 2009, SR 3, 2 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008. Sr 3 March 2006

Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil

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EKM PAPERSBacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2nd eng

Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intend to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents

3Question. JUNE 2009

Misalignment of main shafting bearing engine and propeller causes bearing overload and shaft stress.

State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons whyresult are unreliable due to external factors.

Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed

Explain how uneven loading could be rectified.

4Question JUNE 2009, Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006

(a) Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates.

(b) List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each.

5Question JUNE 2009, Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006

Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons.

Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore.

Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices

6Question JUNE 2009, Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007,

(a) A set of indicator diagram including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine; examine critically, the following if the compression curve is normal:

(i) The maximum pressure is lower,

(ii) The maximum pressure is higher

(iii)The expansion curve is lower

(iv)The expansion curve is higher .Page 16

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(b) Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified.

7Questions JUNE 2009, SR 4, 1 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008. 2006 OCT

Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.

Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing

8Question JUNE 2009, Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007, 2006 OCT.

With reference to turbo-chargers:

(a) State how the performance may be assessed;

(b) State how the optimum performance may be maintained;

(c) Explain how two-stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to the machinery avoided if a serious crack is discovered in the turbine end casing such that the turbo-charger may no longer be operated.

9Question JUNE 2009, Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007. 2006 OCT, Sr 6 2005

In engine rooms that are operated under UMS conditions describe with the aid of sketches how the following are monitored

(a) The perforation of a high pressure fuel pipe

(b) The imminence or possibility of scavenge fire

(c) Condition that may be conducive to a crank case explosion

Sr 4 April 2009

1Questions SR 4, 2 2009, SR 8 2008. Emergy set 2006

As second engineer you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator card (diagram)

From the large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship

Describe your initial checks and preparations

State with reason the types of card you would consider necessary and explain the procedure for obtaining these.

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EKM PAPERSState in order of importance the additional information required with the card

State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power

State the procedure for Power calculation and Fault diagnosis

2Question 4 2009, Sr 6 2005.

With reference to recent ratification of MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, ships will be required to burn low sulphur (1.5%) fuel oil. Discuss the properties of cylinder liner lubricant for compatibility with this type of fuel and the on board management of operating the engines with two different types of fuel for main engine.

3Question SR 4 2009, 2006 OCT

(a) Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic Control system.

(b) Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.

4Question Sr 4 2009, 2006 Sept

Identify the principal factors responsible for fouling of the gas side of turbo chargers?

What are the effects of running engines with fouled turbo chargers & how it is identified?

5Questions SR 4 2009, 11, 9 2008. 2006 Sept

While operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.

As 2nd Engineer Officer explain the immediate action which should be taken to ensure safe operation of the engine.

State, with reasons, the possible places where water could enter the fuel system

State with reason the standing Instructions you As 2nd Engineer Officer would issuewith respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problemsdue to water in the fuel.

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EKM PAPERS6Questions SR 4 2009, 2006 Sept

Write short notes on the following giving reasons and remedies:

Crank case explosion.

ME #1 unit exhaust temperature high

7Questions JUNE 2009, SR 4, 1 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008. 2006 OCT

Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.

Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing

Done JUNE 2009

8Question JUNE 2009, Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007, 2006 OCT.

With reference to turbo-chargers:

(a) State how the performance may be assessed;

(b) State how the optimum performance may be maintained;

(c) Explain how two-stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to the machinery avoided if a serious crack is discovered in the turbine end casing such that the turbo-charger may no longer be operated.

Done JUNE 2009

9Question JUNE 2009, Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007. 2006 OCT, Sr 6 2005

In engine rooms that are operated under UMS conditions describe with the aid of sketches how the following are monitored

(a) The perforation of a high pressure fuel pipe

(b) The imminence or possibility of scavenge fire

(c) Condition that may be conducive to a crank case explosion

Done JUNE 2009

Sr 3 March 2009

1Question March 2009, Emergy set 2006Page 19

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Describe with the aid of sketches a turbocharger lubrication system; stating the type of bearing employed

2Question March 2009. Sr 7 2005.

Recent experience has shown persistence damage occurring on seating faces of main engine exhaust valve, which is not confined to any particular unit.

State with reason the possible causes

State the short term action to be taken in order to minimize engine operational problem

State with reason how future incident of this nature could be minimized

3Question SR 4, March 2009

(a) Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic Control system.

(b) Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.

Answer.

Done SR 4 2009

4Questions March 2009, 8 2008. Sr 9 2007

Give a list of the properties or test by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use.

Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content.

Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.

5Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007. Sr 7 2005.

State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.

Explain how the causes stated in Q.2(a) may be determined.

Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.

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EKM PAPERSState the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

6Question March 2009

With ref to large t/c state

Why blades are loosely attached to turbine rotors

How axial movement of blade is prevented

How blade vibration is damped over a vide rage of speed.

With reason state what material are used for rotor and blades of turbine and compressor

7Questions SR 3 2009

Inspection of the main engine in the ship to which you have recently been appointedas chief Engineer reveals that a number of cylinders are suffering from burning andcracking of the piston crowns and burning of the upper parts of the liner.State, with reasons, the possible causes of such damage.Explain how you would determine the cause of such damage.State the standing instructions, which should be issued with respect to operation and maintenance of the engine in order to ensure that similar damage may be avoidedin the future.

8Question SR 3, 2 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008. Sr 3 March 2006Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oilBacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2nd engWrite a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intend to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidentsDone June 2009

Sr 2 Feb 2009

1Questions April Feb 2009, SR 8 2008.

As Second Engineer, you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator cards fromthe large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship.(a) Describe your initial checks and preparations.(b) State, with reasons- the types of cards you would consider necessary and explain the procedures for obtaining these.(c) State, in order of importance, the additional information required with the cards.(d) State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power.

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EKM PAPERSDone April 2009

2Question Feb 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.

Write a report to your company sup outlining the breakdown of a diesel gen engine and suggest remedial measures to prevent recurrence of similar trouble

3Question March, 2 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oilBacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2nd engWrite a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intend to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents.Done March 2009

4Question SR 2 2009With reference to turbocharger.a) Explain why when surging occurs the speed of the turbocharger is seen to change slightlyb) Give examples of defects likely to result in surgingc) Explain in simple terms what occurs in a turbocharger and the diesel engine as speed/power increases, and base on this an explanation of what matching of a turbocharger with an engine impliesd) State the advantages of fitting uncooled turbochargers

5Question SR 2 2009. 2006 July Sr 5Sketch and describe the construction and action of either a hydraulic governor or an electrical governor suitable for a main propulsion engine.State the main faults to which the governor described above are prone to.The action to be taken if immediate correction cannot be achieved and the engine must be operated.

6Question SR 2 2009, Sr 8 2007. Sr 3 March 2006With reference to a particular make of main propulsion unit, describe how the engine is reversed manually and discuss the problems involved and the safety precautions which would be required if the control were operated remote from the machinery space.State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

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7Question SR 2 2009, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006Describe the precaution necessary during the initial running - in of an Auxiliary Engine run on HFO, which is newly installed or has had a major overhaul.Explain the possible causes of oxidation of lubricating oil.State the frequency with which oil samples should be taken for analysis.

8Question SR 2 2009. Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006With reference to Turbochargers;Explain how corrosion can occur on the gas side of a turbocharger casing.Describe the process and safeguards necessary when water washing the air side.Explain the possible disadvantage of water washing the gas side.

Sr 1 Jan 2009

1Questions Jan 2009, SR 10 2008.

It is reported to you that the vessel you are about to join as Second Engineer has recently suffered a number of top end bearing failures.

(a) State, with reasons, the information and documents you would require in order to enable you to assess the cause of such failures.

(b) State, with reasons, possible causes of top end bearing failures.

(c) State, with reasons, the procedures you would institute in order to minimize the risk of future failures.

2Questions SR 1 2009, Sr 10 2008.

During morning inspection after an overnight period, of UMS operation the followingchanges were detected:

(ii) An alteration in engine speed.

(iii) A change in exhaust temperature spread pattern.

(a) Explain, with reasons, the possible causes of such changes.

(b) Indicate how normal operations might be restored.

3Questions Jan 2009, Sr 10 2008.

Crankshaft deflections taken from a large slow speed engine show an apparent alignment problem.

(a) (i) Describe the investigation to find the actual degree of misalignment,

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EKM PAPERS(ii) State FOUR possible causes of the misalignment.

(b) State the influence of changes of hull loading, sea water temperature and the temperature of the deck on crankshaft alignment.

(c) State why bearing wear may be a result of misalignment rather than a cause.

4Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008, Jan 2006

With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed 4stroke engines

Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating condition

Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out

Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure.

Describe as second engineer your strategy for preventing bolt failure

5Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007.

State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.

Answer-

Done March 2009

6Questions SR 4, 1 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.

Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.

Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing

Answer.

Done April 2009

7Question Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007

With reference to turbocharger

State how the performance may be assessed

State how the optimum performance may be maintained

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EKM PAPERSExplain how 2stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to machinery avoided if serious cracks in the turbine end casing such that the turbocharger may no longer be operated.

Answer.

Done April 2009

8Question Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007.

In engine rooms that are operated under UMS conditions describe with the aid of sketches how the following are monitored

(a) The perforation of a high pressure fuel pipe

(b) The imminence or possibility of scavenge fire

(c) Condition that may be conducive to a crank case explosion

Answer.

Done April 2009

Dec Sr 12 2008 same as Sr 1 2009.

Sr 11 Nov 2008

1Questions Nov, 9, 8, 3, 2008, Sr 8 2007. Jan 2006

State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine

Question

Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunkpiston engine

Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:

i) Water is present

ii) Alkalinity has fallen

iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably

iv) Carbon content has increased

2Questions SR 11, 9 2008, Jan 2006

a) A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subject to cracking during thepreceding four months

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i) Explain possible reasons for this cracking

ii) State with reasons the instructions you, as Chief or 2nd Engineer, would issue in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking

Cylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months.

Write a brief report to the Engineering Superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes, the immediate action taken to deal with the problemand the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents

3Question SR 11, 9 2008.

Difficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at set value

State 3 possible causes

State how each of these causes may be detected

Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of ME plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment

4Question SR11, 9 2008.

With reference to fouling on the gas side of turbochargers, state

What are the common causes and nature of the deposits?

How it effects engine operation

How it is reduced in practice,

5Question. SR 11, 9 2008, Sr 8 2007, Jan 2006

Explain the term ignition quality as applied to marine fuel oils;

State, with reasons, the properties of the fuel which can influence ignition quality;

(c) State how an unexpected change in ignition quality would manifest itself in an operating engine.

Explain in detail how an engine would be adjusted in order to burn a fuel having a different ignition quality.

6Questions SR 11, 9 2008. Jan 2006Page 26

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With reference to torsional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engine gear box and controllable pitch propeller

Explain how the vibrations any be caused

b) State the possible effects and damage that could result

c) Discuss the methods employed to minimise the potential problems associated with torsional vibration

d) Describe how the natural frequency of the system could be modified.

7Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,

With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:

(a) Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;

(b) Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;

(c) Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out

(d) Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.

Done SR 1 2009

8Questions SR 11, 9 2008. Sr 12 2007.

With reference to crankcase diaphragm glands:

Explain why effectiveness deteriorates in service;

Describe the procedure for renewal of parts so that efficiency is restored;

Describe how effectiveness is restored if spares are unavailable;

Explain the functions of the upper and lower sections.

9Questions SR 4 2009, 11, 9 2008.

Whilst operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.

(a) State, with reasons, the immediate action you as Second Engineer would take to ensure the safe operation of the main engine.

(b) State, with reasons, the possible places where water could enter the fuel system.

(c). State, with reasons, the standing instructions you as Second Engineer would Page 27

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EKM PAPERSissue with respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problems due to water in the fuel.

Answer

Done Sr 4 2009.

SR 10 2008

1Questions Jan 2009, SR 10 2008.

It is reported to you that the vessel you are about to join as Second Engineer has recently suffered a number of top end bearing failures.

(a) State, with reasons, the information and documents you would require in order to enable you to assess the cause of such failures.

(b) State, with reasons, possible causes of top end bearing failures.

(c) State, with reasons, the procedures you would institute in order to minimize the risk of future failures.

Done Jan 2009

2Questions SR 1 2009, Sr 10 2008.

During morning inspection after an overnight period, of UMS operation the followingchanges were detected:

(ii) An alteration in engine speed.

(iii) A change in exhaust temperature spread pattern.

(a) Explain, with reasons, the possible causes of such changes.

(b) Indicate how normal operations might be restored.

Done Jan 2009

3Questions Jan 2009, Sr 10 2008.

Crankshaft deflections taken from a large slow speed engine show an apparent alignment problem.

(a) (i) Describe the investigation to find the actual degree of misalignment,

(ii) State FOUR possible causes of the misalignment.

(b) State the influence of changes of hull loading, sea water temperature and the temperature of the deck on crankshaft alignment.

(c) State why bearing wear may be a result of misalignment rather than a cause.Page 28

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Done Jan 2009

4Questions Sr 10 2008.

With reference to the cylinder lubrication of a large slow speed engine:

(a) Explain, with the aid of a sketch, the operation of a cylinder lubricator, indicating how quantity adjustments may be conducted;

(b) State the advantages of the relative vertical positions of cylinder lubricatingquills used by different engine manufacturers;

(c) Describe TWO features that assist the spread of the oil;

(d) Describe how you, as Second Engineer would assess liner wear and decide when renewal is necessary;

(e) State the effect of low sulphur fuels on cylinder lubrication.

5Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,

With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:

(a) Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;

(b) Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;

(c) Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out

(d) Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.

Done Jan 2009

6Questions

(a) With the aid of a block diagram describe the operation of an electronic governor for an internal combustion engine.

(b) State THREE problems to which such a governor is prone and explain how EACH becomes evident.

(c) In the event of the governor on a direct drive engine becoming inoperative state the action you, as Second Engineer, would take in order to ensure safe operation of the engine.

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With reference to large turbochargers state:

(a.) Why the blades are loosely attached to the turbine rotors?

(b) How axial movement of the blades is prevented?

c) How blade vibration is damped over a wide range of speeds?

(d) What materials are used for rotor and blades of turbines and compressors? Give reasons.

Done April 2009

8Questions

Inspection of the main engine shows that a number of cylinders are suffering from burning and cracking of the piston crowns and burning of the upper parts of the liner.

(a) State, with reasons, the possible causes of such damage,

(b) Explain the action-a Second Engineer Officer should take in order to determine the actual cause of such damage.

(c) State the standing instructions which a Second Engineer Officer should issue with respect to operation and maintenance of the engine in order to ensure that similar damage may be avoided.

Done April 2009

9Questions

(a) Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil.

(b) Explain how an incident of bacterial attack on the main lubricating oil charge of a crosshead engine may be assessed.

(c) Describe the procedure for returning a main engine lubricating oil system to service following a bacterial attack.

Done April 2009

Sr 9 2008

Sr 9 2008 Same as Sr 11 Nov 2008

Sr 8 2008

1Questions March 2009, 8 2008. Sr 9 2007

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EKM PAPERSGive a list of the properties or test by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use.

Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content.

Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.

Done March 2009

2Question SR 1, 8 2008.

(a) Outline the possible events leading to an explosion in the crankcase of a diesel engine.

(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the operation of a mist detector.

(c) State how overheating might be indicated other than by a mist detector.

(d) Explain how the severity of a crankcase explosion is limited.

(e) Explain how the severity of a crankcase explosion is limited.

(f) Emission of flame has in the past caused severe burns to personnel during a crankcase explosion, despite the addition of flame traps. Discuss the procedure in the event of overheating being indicated.

3Questions SR 8 2008. 2006 Sept

State how a cylinder liner is checked for wear?

How these measurements are recorded?

What types of wear takes place in a cylinder liner?

Where does the maximum wear take place &why?

4Questions SR 8 2008.

(a) Sketch the profiles of ahead and astern cams for a main engine fuel injector.

(b) Show, using a simple sketch, how the cams are mounted on the shaft?

5Questions Nov 9 8 3 2008, Sr 8 2007.

(a) State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is tobeused for a trunk piston main engine.

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EKM PAPERS(b) Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunk piston engine.

(c) Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil charge cannot immediately be replaced and analysis; shows:

(1) Water is present;

(2) Alkalinity, has fallen;

(3)Viscosity has changed appreciably;

(4)Carbon content has increased.

Done Sr 11 Nov 2008.

6Questions SR 4, 2 2009, SR 8 2008.

As Second Engineer, you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator cards fromthe large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship.

(a) Describe your initial checks and preparations.

(b) State, with reasons- the types of cards you would consider necessary and explain the procedures for obtaining these.

(c) State, in order of importance, the additional information required with the cards.

(d) State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power.

Done SR 4 April 2009

7Question Feb 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.

Write a report to your company sup outlining the breakdown of a diesel gen engine and suggest remedial measures to prevent recurrence of similar trouble

Done Feb 2009

8Question March, 2 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.

Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil

Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2nd eng

Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intend to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents.

Done March 2009Page 32

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EKM PAPERS

Sr 7 2008

1Question SR 7 2008.

Following a recent turbocharger overhaul it is observed that the scavenge air pressure is lower than it was previously and the engine power output is also reduced.

State, with reasons, the possible causes of the problem.

State, with reasons, what engine operational information should be gathered in order to enable the possible cause of the problem to be detected.

Explain how the defect may be rectified.

State the instructions, which should be issued with respect to future turbocharger overhauls in order to prevent similar incidents.

2Question SR 7 2008.

The vessel which you are about to join as Second Engineer has recently suffered three main bearing failures. State, with reasons for your answer, EACH of the following:

The information and documents you would require in order to e ;able you to assess the cause of such failures;

Possible causes of main bearing failures;

The procedures you would institute in order to minimise the risk of future failures;

3Question SR 7 2008, July 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006.

With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:

Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;

Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;

Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;

Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.

4Question SR 7, 3, 2008, 2006 Aug.

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EKM PAPERSWith reference to piston rings

State the causes of breakage

State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage

Explain the possible consequence W.R.T. performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings

5Question SR 7, 3 2008, 2 2006 Aug.

It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away. What is done to rectify this condition?

6Question SR 7, 4 2008, Sr 12 2007. 2006 Sr 6.

What is the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems as applied to a compression ignition engine

Sketch and describe one of these systems

What additional air charging arrangement may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at slow speed?

Question SR 4 2008. 2006 Sr 6

An auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hunt to such an extent that the engine speed varies and prohibit the connection of the machine to the switch board

Discuss the possible causes of hunting

Explain how the problem of hunting may be rectified

7Questions SR 7, 4 2008. 2006 Aug Sr 6

Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain

Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operationof engine give possible reasons for failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension

Sr 6 2008

Question Sr 6 2008.Page 34

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During a river passage the propeller of a light ship is rotating at dead slow revolutions ahead when it strikes a large floating object causing a momentary drop in engine revolutions. As the Second Engineer of the vessel describe in report format the inspection of the vessel's propulsion and transmission system, that you would supervise to ensure it is safe for the vessel to continue its voyage Assume that the vessel is anchored and that no outside assistance is available.

Question SR 7, 3, 2008, 2006 Aug.

With reference to piston rings:

a) State with reasons the causes of breakage.

b) State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage.

Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings.

Done Sr 7 2008.

Question SR 7, 4 2008, Sr 12 2007. 2006 Sr 6.

Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.

What additional air charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at low speeds?

Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.

Done SR 7 2008.

Question

In the case of a main propulsion engine explain the indications and possible effects which might be expected from:

(a) Insufficient bearing clearance,

(b) Excessive bearing clearance and

(c) Crankshaft misalignment

Question

Valves of some main engine exhaust temperatures displayed in the engine control Page 35

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EKM PAPERSroom differ from those displayed on the engine for the same cylinders.

Explain how it may be determined which readings are inaccurate.

State possible reasons for these inaccurate readings.

Explain how the location of the faults may be detected.

State the periodic checks which should be undertaken to ensure that remote engine instrumentation is reading accurately.

Questions SR 7, 4 2008.

Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain

Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operationof engine give possible reasons for failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension.

Done SR 7 2008.

Question SR 4 2008. 2006 Sr 6

An auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hunt to such an extent that the engine speed varies and prohibit the connection of the machine to the switch board

Discuss the possible causes of hunting

Explain how the problem of hunting may be rectified

Done SR 4 2008

Sr 4 2008

Question SR 4, 2, 2008, 2006 Aug Sr 6.

If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?

Question SR 7, 4 2008, Sr 12 2007. 2006 Sr 6.

Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.

What additional air charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at low speeds?

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EKM PAPERSExplain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.

Done SR 7 2008.

Question SR 4 2008.

With reference to crankshafts and piston crowns outline the main stresses to which the parts are subjected.

In each case explain how the stresses are generated and how they vary in magnitude and direction during one cycle

Question SR 4 2008.

Describe using sketches a top end bearing arrangement designed to minimize risk of oil film overload

Explain why successful lubrication of top end bearing is difficult to achieve in practice

Question

Explain why cleanliness through out the turbocharger system is critical to engine performance.

Describe the in service cleaning procedure for gas and air side indicating safety procedure.

Question SR 4 2008. 2006 Sr 6

An auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hunt to such an extent that the engine speed varies and prohibit the connection of the machine to the switch board

Discuss the possible causes of hunting

Explain how the problem of hunting may be rectified

Done SR 7 2008.

Questions SR 7, 4 2008.

Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain

Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operationof engine give possible reasons for failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension.

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EKM PAPERSDone SR 7 2008.

Sr 3 2008.

Question Sr 3 2008. 2006 July Sr 5,

a) Describe with the aid of a sketch, the arrangement of valves and passages for a four stroke engine cylinder head, listing materials used.

With reference to [a] indicate where cracking might be expected stating the likely cause.

Explain the different factors that tend to cause distortion of 4stroke cylinder head.

Explain how the effects described in [c] are minimized.

Question Sr 3 2008.

State how each of the following defects become apparent

Describe its effect

Leaky air inlet exhaust valves, air starting valve, cracked liner, broken piston ring.

Questions Nov 9 8 3 2008, Sr 8 2007.

(a) State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is tobeused for a trunk piston main engine.

(b) Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunk piston engine.

(c) Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil charge cannot immediately be replaced and analysis; shows:

(1) Water is present;

(2) Alkalinity, has fallen;

(3)Viscosity has changed appreciably;

(4)Carbon content has increased.

Done Sr 11 Nov 2008.

Question Sr 3 2008. 2006 AugPage 38

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It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away. What is done to rectify this condition?

Question SR 4, 2, 2008, 2006 Aug Sr 6.

If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?

Done Sr 4 2008.

Question SR 7, 3, 2008, 2006 Aug.

With reference to piston rings:

a) State with reasons the causes of breakage.

b) State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage.

Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings.

Done Sr 7 2008.

Question Sr 3 2008.

Describe the examination carried out before dismantling main Bearings, How are mainbearings removed from the bearing pocket?

Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007.

State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.

Explain how the causes stated in Q.2 (a) may be determined.

Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.

State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

Done Sr 3 2009.

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Sr 2 2008.

Question Sr 2 2008.

Explain why the use of residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines may be responsible for the following problems with turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades and how, in each case, the problem can be minimised.

Build up of deposits;

Hot corrosion;

Erosion

Question Sr 2 2008.

Explain how static and dynamic imbalance of crankshaft can be overcome.

Discuss the method employed to obtain primary reciprocating balance in an engine and why they are not completely successful

Describe engine addition which may be fitted to overcome problem as resulting from primary or secondary imbalance.

Question Sr 2 2008.

Discuss the importance of correct cylinder lubrication in a diesel engine explaining the possible consequences of both over and under lubrication.

Describe the qualities required in a cylinder lubricant for use in an engine burning high viscosity heavy fuel oil.

Difficulties in achieving correctly timed injection

Question Sr 2 2008.

State the indication during engine operation that good combustion is taking place.

State the indication during engine operation that defective combustion is taking place.

List with reasons 5 possible causes of defective combustion giving the rectifying action in each case.

Question Sr 2 2008.

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EKM PAPERSState the indication of a leaking cylinder starting air valve.

Suggest with reasons the possible consequences of permitting a leaking starting airvalve to remain in this condition for a extended period of time.

Identify those factors leading to such leakage.

State how leakage can be avoided in practice.

Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007.

State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.

Explain how the causes stated in Q.2 (a) may be determined.

Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.

State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

Done Sr 3 2009.

Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,

With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:

(a) Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;

(b) Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;

(c) Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out

(d) Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.

Done SR 1 2009

Sr 1 2008.

Question Sr 1 2008. 2006 OCT

(a) Sketch a cylinder relief valve suitable for a large slow speed engine

(b) Describe its salient design features

(c) State the purpose of fitting such a device

(d) State the possible circumstances when the relief valve may lift and indicate the action to be taken to prevent damage to the engine.

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Question Sr 1 2008. April 2006,

With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain:

(a) Why flyweights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine.

(b) How dead band effects are reduced

(c) How hunting is reduced

(d) How the output torque is increased.

Question Sr 1 2008. Sr 9 2005

Define the meaning of the term critical speed range as applied to diesel engine

Explain why an engine should not be operated continuously in or near this range

Explain the effect of critical speed is reduced

Question Sr 1 2008. Sr 9 2005

Identify the factors which could be responsible for initiation and propagation of explosions in air start system

Explain how the possibility of an explosion in an air start system is minimized

Describe the devices required for air start systems, which are intended to dissipate the energy of an explosion

Question Sr 1 2008.

(a) (i) Describe with the aid of a sketch, a main engine exhaust valve which is hydraulically operated.

(ii) Explain the operation of this valve

(b) State the materials used for the seat and valve described in Q.(a)

Question SR 1, 8 2008.

(a) Outline the possible events leading to an explosion in the crankcase of a diesel engine.

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EKM PAPERS(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the operation of a mist detector.

(c) State how overheating might be indicated other than by a mist detector.

(d) Explain how the severity of a crankcase explosion is limited.

(e) Explain how the severity of a crankcase explosion is limited.

(f) Emission of flame has in the past caused severe burns to personnel during a crankcase explosion, despite the addition of flame traps. Discuss the procedure in the event of overheating being indicated.

Question Sr 1 2008.

With reference to fuel storage

Explain the meaning of the term flash point;

State the reasons for the minimum flash point stipulation for fuel in storage, stating the permitted figure;

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an approved closing device for double bottom fuel tank sounding pipes which are situated in the machinery space;

Explain why this type of device is necessary.

Question sr 1 2008.

Describe, with the aid of sketches, a charge air cooler and for removal of trappingmoisture.

Describe the procedure for cleaning both air and watersides of a charge air cooler;

Question Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007

With reference to turbocharger

State how the performance may be assessed

State how the optimum performance may be maintained

Question

Explain how 2stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to machinery avoided if serious cracks in the turbine end casing such that the turbocharger may no longer be operated.

Answer.

Done April 2009

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Sr 12 2007.

Question Sr 12 2007.

Describe how main bearing wear down of a large 2stroke crosshead engine is checked?

Describe how a set of crankshaft deflection should be taken

Describe the precautions, which must be taken to ensure that crankshaft deflection readings are as accurate as possible.

State why deflection would be taken even though bearing wear down had been checked.

Question Sr 12 2007.

During remote maneuvering of the main engine the engine fails to turn over on starting air:

State, with reasons, the possible causes of such failure..

Explain how the faults stated in (a) might be traced and rectified.

(i) State, with reasons, the exact procedure to be adopted in order to enable the engine to be started in the desired manner if failure is in part of the remote control system. .

(ii) State the engine type to which this procedure relates.

Question Sr 12 2007.

As a recently appointed Second Engineer you are requested to survey the crosshead of a main engine following an unscheduled repair due to bearing failure.

(a) Outline the information you would request prior to the survey.

(b) Describe the survey procedure you would adopt stating, with reasons, the areas which should receive particularly close attention.

(c) State, with reasons, what information you would request and the operations you would require to observe after reassembly of the crosshead

Question SR 7, 4 2008, Sr 12 2007. 2006 Sr 6.

Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.

What additional air charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at low speeds?

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EKM PAPERSExplain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.

Done SR 7 2008.

Question Sr 12 2007.

Why inlet and exhaust valves invariably open in to the cylinder.

Why some valves are water-cooled and others are not.

Define with reasons the material used in valve production.

State why clearance is generally provided between cams and followers

Question Sr 12 2007.

STATE the possible reasons for an engine camshaft drive chain becoming slack duringnormal service.

Show why camshaft timing requires attention even though the chain tension has been correctly adjusted.

State how camshaft timing is adjusted to compensate for chain stretch.

Question Sr 12 2007.

Explain why crankcase diaphragm glands effectiveness deteriorates in service.

Describe briefly the Overhaul of the gland

How rod scoring by gland is avoided

Why scarper ring are provided

Sr 8 2007

Question Sr 8 2007, Sr 3 March 2006

With reference to a particular make of main propulsion unit, describe how the engine is reversed manually and discuss the problems involved and the safety precautions which would be required if the control were operated remote from the machinery space.

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EKM PAPERSQuestion Sr 8 2007. Sr 3 March 2006

a) Describe the various types of indicator diagram and discuss the relevance of this method of determining engine performance

b) Suggest how engine performance may be assessed other than by taking indicator cards

Question Sr 8 2007, 2006 July Sr 5

With reference to large starting air receivers:

Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions;

State how the incidence of corrosion in air receivers might be minimized;

If serious corrosion is detected in a starting air receiver and that receiver must be used explain how you, as Second Engineer, would determine the maximum pressure to which the receiver should be subjected;

Question Sr 8 2007

Describe how a crankpin bearing of a 2stroke main propulsion engine is opened up for inspection

What are the various causes of wear down of the bearing?

Question Sr 8 2007

Evaluate the influence, of the following factors upon cylinder and piston ring wearrates:

(a) Position of rings in relation to piston crown,

(b) Spread and proximity of coolant passages from liner wall

(c) Flow rate and specific heat of coolant

(d) Chromium plating of ring faces

Question Sr 8 2007

State the reasons for the progressive slackness of an engine camshaft drive chain in service.

State the effect chain stretch has on engine timing and performance.

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EKM PAPERSDescribe how correct timing is restored when chain stretch becomes excessive.

Question Sr 8 2007

W.R.T. large fabricated bedplates explain

With reasons why longitudinal strength and rigidity is important in spite of the contributions made by the ship structure

With sketches show how combustion load imposed on piston and cylinder heads are transmitted and absorbed by the bedplates

Sr 7 2007

Question SR 4, 2, 2008, 2006 Aug Sr 6.

If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?

Question SR 7, 4 2008, Sr 12 2007. 2006 Sr 6.

Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.

What additional air charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at low speeds?

Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.

Done SR 7 2008.

Question SR 4 2008. 2006 Sr 6

An auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hunt to such an extent that the engine speed varies and prohibit the connection of the machine to the switch board

Discuss the possible causes of hunting

Explain how the problem of hunting may be rectified

Done SR 4 2008.

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Questions SR 7, 4 2008.

Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain

Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operationof engine give possible reasons for failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension.

Done SR 7 2008.

Question SR 7, 3, 2008, 2006 Aug.

With reference to piston rings:

a) State with reasons the causes of breakage.

b) State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage.

Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings.

Done Sr 7 2008.

Question Sr 3 2008.

Describe the examination carried out before dismantling main Bearings, How are mainbearings removed from the bearing pocket?

Done Sr 3 2008.

Question Sr 3 2008

It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away. What is done to rectify this condition?

Done Sr 3 2008

JULY Sr. No. 6 2007

Question

Following a recent turbocharger overhaul it is observed that the scavenge air pressure is lower than it was previously and the engine power output is also reduced.

State, with reasons, the possible causes of the problem.Page 48

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State, with reasons, what engine operational information should be gathered in order to enable the possible cause of the problem to be detected.

Explain how the defect may be rectified.

State the instructions, which should be issued with respect to future turbocharger overhauls in order to prevent similar incidents.

Done SR 7 2008.

Question

The vessel which you are about to join as Second Engineer has recently suffered three main bearing failures. State, with reasons for your answer, EACH of the following:

The information and documents you would require in order to e ;able you to assess the cause of such failures;

Possible causes of main bearing failures;

The procedures you would institute in order to minimise the risk of future failures;

Answer.

Done SR 7 2008.

Question July 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006, SR 7 2008.

With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:

Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;

Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;

Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;

Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.

Done SR 7 2008.

Question

Explain the term Variable Injection Timing (VIT) when applied to fuel pumps and state why a change in timing of fuel injection may be required.

Describe, with the aid of sketches, a VIT fuel pump and explain how the change in timing is achieved whilst the pump is in operation.

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EKM PAPERSExplain how it may be determined that individual fuel pumps are injecting the correct quantity of fuel with the correct timing at a particular pump setting.

Question

As a recently appointed Second Engineer you are requested to survey the crosshead of a main engine following an unscheduled repair due to bearing failure.

(a) Outline the information you would request prior to the survey.

(b) Describe the survey procedure you would adopt stating, with reasons, the areas which should receive particularly close attention.

(c) State, with reasons, what information you would request and the operations you would require to observe after reassembly of the crosshead

Done Sr 12 2007.

Question

With reference to a 2 stroke, slowspeed main propulsion engine air starting system:

State, with reasons, THREE safety features incorporated in an air start system;

State, with reasons, why an engine may fail to turn over on-air;

Explain how the cause of an engine failing to turn over on air may be determined.

Question

A report on the analysis of the main crosshead engine crankcase lubricating oil indicates the following contaminants or property changes. In EACH of the following cases give reasons for the possible causes of the contamination or property change,explaining how the actual cause would be detected; .

The presence of fresh water;

White metal fragments;

Reduced alkalinity reserve;

Reduced anti oxidation reserve.

Question

With respect to medium speed auxiliary power generating 4 stroke medium speed diesel engines:

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EKM PAPERSExplain how the cylinder liners are effectively lubricated.

Explain how the standby engine is maintained in a condition ready to be started immediately;

Describe how the engine is changed from HFO operation to DO operation when running.

Question

(a) Describe the operation of an oil mist detector.

(b) Explain how the location and arrangement of crankcase oil mist sampling pipes can influence the performance of an oil mist detector.

(c) Explain the action that you would take in order to provide safeguard against the risk of a crankcase explosion whilst the engine was operating, should the oil mist detector become inoperative.

Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007

Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007

You have been appointed as Second Engineer to a new vessel that experiences severe aft end vibration. The problem is thought to emanate from the propeller. Describe the cause of vibration and suggest possible remedies including the selection of a new propeller with a different number of blades.

Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, July 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006, SR 7 2008.

With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:

Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;

Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;

Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;

Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.

Done SR 7 2008.

Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006

(a) Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates.

(b) List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state Page 51

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Done JUNE 2009

Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006

Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons.

Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore.

Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices

Done JUNE 2009

Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007,

(a) A set of indicator diagram including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine; examine critically, the following if the compression curve is normal:

(i) The maximum pressure is lower,

(ii) The maximum pressure is higher

(iii)The expansion curve is lower

(iv)The expansion curve is higher .

(b) Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified.

Done JUNE 2009

Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006

Describe the precaution necessary during the initial running - in of an Auxiliary Engine run on HFO, which is newly installed or has had a major overhaul.

Explain the possible causes of oxidation of lubricating oil.

State the frequency with which oil samples should be taken for analysis.

Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006

With reference to Turbochargers;

Explain how corrosion can occur on the gas side of a turbocharger casing.Page 52

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Describe the process and safeguards necessary when water washing the air side.

Explain the possible disadvantage of water washing the gas side.

Sr. No. 4 April 2007

Sr. No. 9 Nov, July Sr 5 2006

With reference to timing chains:

Explain the causes of increasing chain slackness in service, using sketches to illustrate your answer;

State each of the following:

The effects of increased chain length;

The method or assessing percentage Increase In length

Describe how the effects of elongation are corrected;

How correct tension is restored

State why a limit is placed on percentage chain elongation;

State what measures you, as Chief Engineer, would consider necessary after the Correction procedure in Q.(c) has been completed and the engine is running

Question

Explain how analysis of used lubricating oil can be used as a health-monitoring tool for diesel machinery.

Describe how vibration measurement can be used with a main engine turbo-charger

For fault analysis.

For condition monitoring for maintenance.

As a substitute to opening up machinery for survey.

Question

Explain why the following problems occurs in turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades, their effects on turbocharger operation and remedies:

Deposits;

Hot corrosion;

Erosion.Page 53

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Done

Question

With reference to large slow speed diesel engines discuss with reasons, the following:-

The increasing use of long stroke cross head engines.

The introduction of two-stage turbo-charging.

Question

Give a reasoned explanation why some marine diesel engines might continue to run ahead on the astern cams following a reversal of the controls. Sketch and describe an arrangement designed to prevent this happening.

Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,

With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:

(a) Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;

(b) Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;

(c) Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out

(d) Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.

Done SR 1 2009

Question Sr 4 2007, Sr 10 2005

Describe how large slow speed engines are structured to withstand the following:

Forces due to combustion load

Guide force

Inertia force

Sr No 3 MARCH 2007Page 54

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Question

With reference to main thrust bearing of the pivoting pad type, explain with sketches where necessary -

The principle of operation of the bearing.

How these clearances are adjusted?

The critical clearances and why they are critical?

Why such bearings sometime overheat although the clearances are adequate?

How is the lubrication film between faces of collar and thrust pad maintained?

Question Sr 8 2007

State the reasons for the progressive slackness of an engine camshaft drive chain in service.

State the effect chain stretch has on engine timing and performance.

Describe how correct timing is restored when chain stretch becomes excessive.

Done Sr 8 2007

Question

What are the provision for operating impulse and constant pressure exhaust turbo-charged engines with a disabled turbo-blower?

Question

With reference to diesel engines fitted on board ships, discuss -

Sludge formation in lubricating oil systems,

Role of additives in lubricating oils,

Steps taken to ensure that treated oils are maintained in their optimum condition,

Adverse effects on bearing metal due to incompatibility of lubricating oil.

Question

Give a reasoned explanation why some marine diesel engines might continue to run ahead on the astern cams following a reversal of the controls.

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Sketch and describe an arrangement designed to event this happening.

Done Sr 4 2007

Questions SR 4, 1 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.

Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.

Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing.

Done SR 4 2009

Question

State FOUR reasons for persistent slackening of holding down bolts of a main engine.

(i) State the advantages of using non-metallic chocking for main engines.

(ii) State FOUR precautions to be observed when fitting non-metallic chocks in order to ensure accurate choking.

(c) State the periodic checks to be made in order to assess the effectiveness of anengine chocking system.

Question Sr 12 2007.

During remote maneuvering of the main engine the engine fails to turn over on starting air:

State, with reasons, the possible causes of such failure..

Explain how the faults stated in (a) might be traced and rectified.

(i) State, with reasons, the exact procedure to be adopted in order to enable the engine to be started in the desired manner if failure is in part of the remote control system. .

(ii) State the engine type to which this procedure relates.

Done Sr 12 2007.

Question

Outline the advantages, disadvantages of a planned maintenance scheme for a diesel Page 56

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State the advantages of condition monitoring as a method of deciding when engine component overhaul is necessary.

(c) Suggest the means that are normally available

(i.e. without the need for elaborate or expensive equipment) to check the conditionof a diesel engine as a guide to when maintenance is actually needed.

Sr No 2 FEB 2007

Question

With reference to UMS engine remote control and monitoring system:

(a) In the event of complete failure of such monitoring and; control systems state,with reasons, how you; as Second Engineer, would organize the engine room Staff to ensure safe operation of the engine during:

(i) Normal deep sea conditions,

(ii) Maneuvering,

State, with reasons, SIX important engine parameters which should be manually

monitored following failure of the UMS system

Explain how the cause of failure of the UMS system may be traced-

Question

(a) Describe how crankshaft alignment is checked

Identify with-reasons the causes of crankshaft misalignment

State How the measurements are recorded

Question

(a) Define the following conditions relating to lubricating oil

(i) Oxidation (ii) Emulsification (iii) Acidity

Explain how each of the conditions in Q (a) is controlled by maintenance

Suggest possible consequences if the conditions in Q (a) change and no corrective action is taken.

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Question

(a) If an auxiliary diesel generator over-speeds and runs away while off the load, explain: -

(i) How it can be stopped,

(ii) What is likely to be the reasons for the failure.

(b) Give-details of what cheeks are made after the machine has been stopped: (i) Mechanically, (ii) Electrically.

Question

With reference to main engine starting and reversing:

Define the function of air distributors,

Give reasons why air distributors are not fitted to some large direct reversing engines.

Question Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007

With reference to turbocharger

State how the performance may be assessed

State how the optimum performance may be maintained

Explain how 2stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to machinery avoided if serious cracks in the turbine end casing such that the turbocharger may no longer be operated.

Answer.

Done April 2009

Question

Electrical power is provided from alternators driven by auxiliary diesel engines.

Using a sketch to illustrate your answer, describe a suitable governor.

Give an account of the governor action to increase the power delivered by the engine in response to a large electrical load increase while also restoring and maintaining the correct frequency.

Explain each of the following:

The necessity for droop;

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JAN 2007

Question 4 2009

With reference to recent ratification of MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, ships will be required to burn low sulphur (1.5%) fuel oil. Discuss the properties of cylinder liner lubricant for compatibility with this type of fuel and the on board management of operating the engines with two different types of fuel for main engine.

Done 4 2009

Question JAN 2007, Sr 10 2005

How can an explosion occur in the starting air line of an internal combustion engine and how can the possibility of such an occurrence be reduced?

Sketch and describe devices, which may be fitted to reduce the severity of such an explosion.

State the attention which air starting valves should be given before stand by

Question JAN 2007

The vessel you have recently joined as Second Engineer has suffered from frequent damage to fuel injectors in the form of burned nozzles.

State, with reasons, THREE possible causes of burned injector nozzles.

Explain how you would investigate the cause of the problem.

Explain the procedures you would institute in order to minimize future problems of this nature.

Question

At a certain speed vibration occurs in a turbocharger.

State with reasons the possible causes

Explain how the cause can be detected and corrected

Explain how the risk of future incidents can be minimized

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Question JAN 2007

State four operational conditions that may lead to vibration of main transmission shafting.

b) Suggest methods to reduce the vibration levels that occur in main transmission shafting.

Question JAN 2007

(a) Sketch diagrammatically a device for controlling the viscosity of the fuel oil to the injectors.

(b) State the value at which the viscosity should be maintained.

(c) If the viscosity controller were to be inoperative what means may then be employed to operate the engine satisfactorily.

Question JAN 2007

Upon joining a vessel whose sister ship has suffered a scavenge fire, you as secondengineer are asked to reduce the possibility of such an occurrence on the present vessel

(a) Describe the action that should be taken

2006-2005 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006

With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:

Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;

Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;

Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;

Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.

Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov, Sr 3 March 2006

Fatigue is one of the main causes of crankshaft failure.Page 60

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(a) Indicate on a sketch the most likely location of a fatigue crack.

(b) Explain how a fatigue failure is identified.

(c) Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated

(d) Describe with the aid of sketches, the methods used to inhibit fatigue cracks.

Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006

(a) Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates.

(b) List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each.

Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006

Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons.

Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore.

Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices

Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006

Describe the precaution necessary during the initial running - in of an Auxiliary Engine run on HFO, which is newly installed or has had a major overhaul.

Explain the possible causes of oxidation of lubricating oil.

State the frequency with which oil samples should be taken for analysis.

Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006

With reference to Turbochargers;

Explain how corrosion can occur on the gas side of a turbocharger casing.

Describe the process and safeguards necessary when water washing the air side.

Explain the possible disadvantage of water washing the gas side.

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Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov, July Sr 5 2006

With reference to timing chains:

Explain the causes of increasing chain slackness in service, using sketches to illustrate your answer;

State each of the following:

The effects of increased chain length;

The method or assessing percentage Increase In length

Describe how the effects of elongation are corrected;

How correct tension is restored

State why a limit is placed on percentage chain elongation;

State what measures you, as Chief Engineer, would consider necessary after the Correction procedure in Q.(c) has been completed and the engine is running

Question Class 2 2006 OCT

Write a report to your company's Superintendent Engineer outlining the stoppage at sea to replace the main engine liner, which had developed a crack and suggest remedial measures to prevent a recurrence of similar trouble.

Question Class 2 2006 OCT

(a) Sketch a cylinder relief valve suitable for a large slow speed engine

(b) Describe its salient design features

(c) State the purpose of fitting such a device

(d) State the possible circumstances when the relief valve may lift and indicate the action to be taken to prevent damage to the engine.

Question Class 2 2006 OCT

Describe in detail the causes and conditions that;

(a) Create an explosive atmosphere in a crankcase.

(b) Initiate a primary explosion.

(c) Propagate a secondary explosion.

State how hazardous conditions can be avoided.

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Question 2006 OCT

(a) Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic Control system.

(b) Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.

Question Class 2 2006 OCT, Sr 6 2005

(a) State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of an engine failing to turn over when the engine control is moved to the start position.

(b) Explain how the cause of an engine failing to turn over on air may be traced.

(c) Explain how local manual control is achieved in the event of failure of the remote control system fitted to a marine diesel engine.

(d) State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine

Question Class 2 2006 OCT

Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.

Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing

Question Class 2 2006 OCT

With reference to turbo-chargers:

(a) State how the performance may be assessed;

(b) State how the optimum performance may be maintained;

(c) Explain how two-stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to the machinery avoided if a serious crack is discovered in the turbine end casing such that the turbo-charger may no longer be operated.

Question Class 2 2006 OCT, Sr 6 2005

In engine rooms that are operated under UMS conditions describe with the aid of Page 63

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EKM PAPERSsketches how the following are monitored

(a) The perforation of a high pressure fuel pipe

(b) The imminence or possibility of scavenge fire

(c) Condition that may be conducive to a crank case explosion

Question Class 2 2006 Sept

With reference to a large diesel engine piston:

What stresses act on a piston during operation?

What are the causes of burning & cracking of piston crown?

How positive circulation of coolant is achieved?

Why piston crown may be given a slight taper?

Question Class 2 2006 Sept

Explain how following condition effect the power developed by an engine:

Elongation of camshaft chain

Broken top 2 piston ring

Worn fuel pump plungers;

Question Class 2 2006 Sept

As compared to other bearings in a large marine diesel engine, give reasons- why top end bearings are

More prone to failure

Have larger diameter in proportion to length

Question Class 2 2006 Sept

Identify the principal factors responsible for fouling of the gas side of turbo chargers?

What are the effects of running engines with fouled turbo chargers & how it is identified?

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Question Class 2 2006 Sept

While operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.

As 2nd Engineer Officer explain the immediate action which should be taken to ensure safe operation of the engine.

State, with reasons, the possible places where water could enter the fuel system

State with reason the standing Instructions you As 2nd Engineer Officer would issuewith respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problemsdue to water in the fuel.

Question Class 2 2006 Sept

Write short notes on the following giving reasons and remedies:

Crank case explosion.

ME #1 unit exhaust temperature high

Question Class 2 2006 Sept

State how a cylinder liner is checked for wear?

How these measurements are recorded?

What types of wear takes place in a cylinder liner?

Where does the maximum wear take place &why?

Question Class 2 2006 Sept, Class 4 Sr.No.9 2005

State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine

Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunkpiston engine

Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:

i) Water is present

ii) Alkalinity has fallen

iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably

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Question Class 2 2006 Aug

With reference to piston rings

State the causes of breakage

State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage

Explain the possible consequence W.R.T. performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severly worn rings

Question Class 2 2006 AugIt is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away. What is done to rectify this condition?

Question Class 2 2006 Aug Sr 6

If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?

Question Class 2 2006 Aug Sr 6

What is the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems as applied to a compression ignition engine

Sketch and describe one of these systems

What additional air charging arrangement may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at slow speed?

Question Class 2 2006 Aug Sr 6

Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain

Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operationof engine give possible reasons for failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension

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EKM PAPERSQuestion Class 2 2006 Aug Sr 6

An auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hunt to such an extent that the engine speed varies and prohibit the connection of the machine to the switch board

Discuss the possible causes of hunting

Explain how the problem of hunting may be rectified

Question 2006 July Sr 5

Suggest probable causes for

Knocking in Engine:

Low oil pressure

Loss of power

Knocking in Engine:

Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5

With reference to large starting air receivers:

Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions;

State how the incidence of corrosion in air receivers might be minimized;

If serious corrosion is detected in a starting air receiver and that receiver must be used explain how you, as Second Engineer, would determine the maximum pressure to which the receiver should be subjected;

Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5

With reference to the crankshaft and running gear of an engine, explain EACH of thefollowing:

Static balance

Dynamic balance;

Torque reaction couple;

Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5

Describe with the aid of a sketch, the main engine ancillary equipment for Page 67

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EKM PAPERSautomatic monitoring and regulation of fuel viscosity.

Explain the operation of equipment described in Q. (a)

For an engine which is maneuvered on distillate fuel but operated on heavy residualfuel at sea State, as 2nd engineer, the standing orders you would issue for the procedure to be adopted when changing from distillate fuel to heavy residual fuel and vise versa.

Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5, Class 4 Sr No 8 2005

a) Describe with the aid of a sketch, the arrangement of valves and passages for a four stroke engine cylinder head, listing materials used.

With reference to [a] indicate where cracking might be expected stating the likely cause.

Explain the different factors that tend to cause distortion of 4stroke cylinder head.

Explain how the effects described in [c] are minimized.

Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5

Sketch and describe the construction and action of either a hydraulic governor or an electrical governor suitable for a main propulsion engine.

State the main faults to which the governor described above are prone to.

The action to be taken if immediate correction cannot be achieved and the engine must be operated.

Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main engine cylinder relief valve.

List FOUR conditions which may cause the valves sketched in Q to lift.

Explain the method used to set the valve described above;

Emergy set 2006

Question Class 2 Emergy set 2006

As second engineer you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator card (diagram)

From the large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand shipPage 68

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Describe your initial checks and preparations

State with reason the types of card you would consider necessary and explain the procedure for obtaining these.

State in order of importance the additional information required with the card

State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power

State the procedure for Power calculation and Fault diagnosis

Question Class 2 Emergy set 2006

Describe with the aid of sketches a turbocharger lubrication system; stating the type of bearing employed

Question Class 2 Emergy set 2006

The ship on which you are serving as chief engineer has suffered sudden failure-of a turbocharger bearing at sea. Write a letter to the ship owner/manager concerning the incident and stating the action undertaken in bringing the turbocharger back into service

Question Class 2

The analysis of oil may be used as a method of monitoring the condition of the equipment that it lubricates.

Explain briefly how shore analysts might test the oil.

State the type of information that would be expected.

Give possible reasons for an excess of:

Iron;

Copper

Antimony

Tin;

Silica

Question Class 2 2006

Explain the term Variable Injection Timing (VIT) when applied to fuel pumps and Page 69

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EKM PAPERSstate why a change in timing of fuel injection may be required.

Describe, with the aid of sketches, a VIT fuel pump and explain how the change in timing is achieved whilst the pump is in operation.

Explain how it may be determined that individual fuel pumps are injecting the correct quantity of fuel with the correct timing at a particular pump setting.

Question Class 2 2006

With reference to crankshafts, explain EACH of the following:

The cause and effects of torsional vibration;

Explain the term critical speed indicating why it can be a problem;

The term Fatigue cracking and state, with reasons, TWO factors of crankshaft operation, which have greatest influence on the likelihood of fatigue cracking;

How a detuner or torsional vibration damper can reduce the effects of torsional vibration.

Question Class 2 April 2006

Question

Discuss the precaution and protections with the aid of sketch that are provided to minimize the possibility of a diesel engine crank case explosion and transmission of dangerous flame into the machinery spaces

Question Class 2 April 2006

How fuel is injected into the cylinder of a heavy oil 2stroke cycle I.C. engine andhow is it ignited.

Show by timing diagram at what point of the stroke injection of the fuel begins andend

Name the engine to which your answer refers

Question Class 2 April 2006

Describe With the aid of Sketches a M\E injection pump capable of variable injection timing

Explaining how the fuel injection timing and quantity of the fuel injected is varied.

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EKM PAPERSState why injection might need to be changed

Question Class 2 April 2006

With reference to fouling on the gas side of turbochargers, state

What are the common causes and nature of the deposits?

How it effects engine operation

How it is reduced in practice,

Question Class 2 April 2006

With reference to fuel as used for main engine operations:

State why the ordering of bunkers should be by reference to a defined specificationrather than simply by viscosity;

Explain how on board test for EACH of the following are carried out.

a- Viscosity.

b- Flash point.

c- Water content.

d- Compatility.

Explain the possible significance of an abnormally high bunker delivery temperaturein relation to the viscosity of the fuel ordered.

Question Class 2 April 2006, Class 4 Sr.No.9 2005

With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain:

(a) Why flyweights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine.

(b) How dead band effects are reduced

(c) How hunting is reduced

(d) How the output torque is increased.

Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006

You have been appointed as 2nd engineer of an 8years old vessel, recently purchasedby your shipping company write a report to the engineering superintendent covering

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EKM PAPERSthe inspection of main propulsion machinery carried out by you to ensure its trouble free operation

Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006

Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil

Bacterial activity has been detected write a letter question is incomplete

Question - Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006, Class 4 Sr EMERGENCY SET

With reference to T/C-

a) Explain why when surging occurs the speed of the turbocharger is seen to change slightly

b) Give examples of defects likely to result in surging

c) Explain in simple terms what occurs in a T\C and the diesel engine as speed/power increases, and base on this an explanation of what matching of a turbocharger with an engine implies

d) State the advantages of fitting uncooled turbochargers

Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006

With reference to a particular make of main propulsion unit, describe how the engine is reversed manually and discuss the problems involved and the safety precautions which would be required if the control were operated remote from the machinery space.

Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006

State the action to be taken in the event of a scavenge fire;

State the action to be taken after scavenge fire has been extinguished

What are the principle causes of fouling and Fires in the Scavenge Air Spaces

What are the Indications of a fire?

What Fire fighting & Preventive measures would you take?

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EKM PAPERSQuestion Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006

a) Describe the various types of indicator diagram and discuss the relevance of this method of determining engine performance

b) Suggest how engine performance may be assessed other than by taking indicator cards

Question Class 2 Feb 2006

During the past four months since you have joined the ship as C/E a number of main engine exhaust valves have suffered cracking and corrosion at the seating faces. Write a report to the Superintendent covering the following points:

a) An explanation detailing how the, problem became evident

b) Your action upon recognising the extent and seriousness of the problem

c) Your reasoned views regarding the possible causes of the problem

d) your recommendations to avoid future incidents

Question Class 2 Feb 2006

One of the main engine turbocharger on the vessel which you are serving as 2nd eng has suffered a sudden and unexpected failure

Explain the incident and give a reasoned proposed action to be under taken to bringthe T\C back into service

Question Class 2 Feb 2006

What is meant by power balancing with respect to reciprocating engines?

Why is balance desirable and how is it obtained in the case of a large marine engine

What difficulties may be experienced in balancing a medium speed engine and how these difficulties are overcome?

Question Class 2 Feb 2006

Describe how main bearing wear down of a large 2stroke crosshead engine is checked?

Describe how a set of crankshaft deflection should be taken

Describe the precautions, which must be taken to ensure that crankshaft deflection readings are as accurate as possible.

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State why deflection would be taken even though bearing wear down had been checked.

Question Feb 2006, Sr 10 2005, Class 4 Sept 2006, Sr 6 2006

Sketch and describe a fuel injector for a slow speed marine diesel engine

Explain the operation of the fuel valve

Describe the defects to which Injector are prone

How can injection be improved when a low speed engine is to operate at prolonged load

Explain how it operates and what determine the point at which injection occurs

Question Class 2 Feb 2006, Sr 8 2005

With reference to the burning of heavy residual fuel in the main engine:

(a) State with reasons FOUR modification which need to be made as compared with thesame engine burning distillate fuels

(b) As Chief Engineer state with reason SIX properties you would require to see in the specification for residual fuel indicating the effect EACH of these properties might have with respect to the storage and burning of the fuel

Question Class 2 Jan 2006

State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine

Question

Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunkpiston engine

Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:

i) Water is present

ii) Alkalinity has fallen

iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably

iv) Carbon content has increased

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EKM PAPERSQuestion Class 2 Jan 2006

a) A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subject to cracking during thepreceding four months

i) Explain possible reasons for this cracking

ii) State with reasons the instructions you, as Chief or 2nd Engineer, would issue in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking

Cylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months.

Write a brief report to the Engineering Superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes, the immediate action taken to deal with the problemand the action you, as Chief Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents

Question Class 2 Jan 2006

Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of ME plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment

Question Class 2 Jan 2006

Explain the term ignition quality as applied to marine fuel oils;

State, with reasons, the properties of the fuel which can influence ignition quality;

Explain in detail how an engine would be adjusted in order to burn a fuel having a different ignition quality.

Question Class 2 Jan 2006

With reference to torsional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engine gear box and controllable pitch propeller

Explain how the vibrations any be caused

b) State the possible effects and damage that could result

c) Discuss the methods employed to minimise the potential problems associated with torsional vibration

d) Describe how the natural frequency of the system could be modified.

Question Class 2 Jan 2006

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EKM PAPERSWith reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed 4stroke engines

Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating condition

Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out

Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure.

Describe as second engineer your strategy for preventing bolt failure

Question Class 2 Jan 2006

With reference to crankcase diaphragm glands:

Explain why effectiveness deteriorates in service;

Describe the procedure for renewal of parts so that efficiency is restored;

Describe how effectiveness is restored if spares are unavailable;

Explain the functions of the upper and lower sections.

Question Class 2 Jan 2006

While operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.

As 2nd Engineer Officer explain the immediate action which should be taken to ensure safe operation of the engine.

State, with reasons, the possible places where water could enter the fuel system.

State with reason the standing Instructions you As 2nd Engineer Officer would issuewith respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problemsdue to water in the fuel.

Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005

State how a scroll (helical) type of pump is set after overhaul

State the reasons that necessitate pump overhaul.

Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005

Describe how large slow speed engines are structured to withstand the following:

Forces due to combustion load

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EKM PAPERSGuide force

Inertia force

Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005

How can an explosion occur in the starting air line of an internal combustion engine and how can the possibility of such an occurrence be reduced?

Sketch and describe devices, which may be fitted to reduce the severity of such an explosion.

State the attention which air starting valves should be given before stand by

Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005

It is discovered that delivery of air from turbocharger has fallen even though engine fuel control has not changed state with reason

The causes of such reduced delivery

The effect of this reduced air supply on the engine

The immediate action to be taken

How future incident might be minimized

Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005

Discuss possible defects which can occur in top end bearing of heavy oil engines and describe methods to obviate such defects.

Why is it considered necessary to supply high pressure lubricating oil to top end bearing.

Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005

With reference to torsional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engine gear box and controllable pitch propeller

Explain how the vibrations any be caused

b) State the possible effects and damage that could result

c) Discuss the methods employed to minimise the potential problems associated with torsional vibration

d) Describe how the natural frequency of the system could be modified.Page 77

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Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005

Sketch a cross section through a piston rod stuffing box.

Define, with the aid of sketches, the function of, and difference between sealing rings and scraper rings.

Identify with reasons, those details which should receive particular attention during overhaul of the complete assembly

Question Class 2 Sr 9 2005

Define the meaning of the term critical speed range as applied to diesel engine

Explain why an engine should not be operated continuously in or near this range

Explain the effect of critical speed is reduced

Question Class 2 Sr 9 2005

Identify the factors which could be responsible for initiation and propagation of explosions in air start system

Explain how the possibility of an explosion in an air start system is minimized

Describe the devices required for air start systems, which are intended to dissipate the energy of an explosion

Question Class 2 Sr 9 2005

(a) Describe a transverse bow thrust unit using a controllable pitch propeller. Mention should be made of how it is supported and how the strength of thrust and reverse thrust are achieved.

(b) State. with reasons, a suitable prime mover for the controllable pitch propeller.

(c) State whether the thrust unit delivers a relatively low pressure head with highvolume output or high pressure head with low volume output.

Question Class 2 Sr 9 2005

(a) Describe the events leading to a crankcase explosionPage 78

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(b) State how overheating might be indicated other than by mist detector

(c) State how the severity of a crankcase explosion is limited

(d) Emission of flame has in the past caused severe burns to personnel during a crankcase explosion, despite the addition of flame traps. Discuss the procedure in the event of overheating being indicated.

Question Class 2 Sr 9 2005

With reference to turbocharger

State how the performance may be assessed

State how the optimum performance may be maintained

Explain how 2stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to machinery avoided if serious cracks in the turbine end casing such that the turbocharger may no longer be operated.

Question Class 2 Sr 8 2005

Electrical power is provided from alternators driven by auxiliary diesel engines.

Using a sketch to illustrate your answer, describe a suitable governor.

Give an account of the governor action to increase the power delivered by the engine in response to a large electrical load increase while also restoring and maintaining the correct frequency.

Explain each of the following:

The necessity for droop;

How droop is affected.

Question Class 2 Sr 8 2005

Sketch and describe a pneumatic control system for controlling temperature of main engine lubricating oil outlet of the cooler and

Explain why air supplied to the pneumatic control system must be free from dust andwater

Describe how above impurities are removed

State the consequences if the air supplied is contaminated

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Question Class 2 Sr 8 2005

With reference to cylinder of a large slow speed engine:

Explain with the aid of a sketch, the operation of a cylinder lubricator, indicating how quantity adjustment may be conducted

Explain the positioning of cylinder liner quills

Describe TWO features that assist the spread of the oil

Describe how you, as 2nd Engineer, would assess a cylinder liner wear and decided when renewal is necessary

Describe the effects of varying fuel quality on cylinder liner wear and state how this may be dealt with.

Question Class 2 Sr 8 2005

Describe, with reasons, the profile for each of the following types of cams.

Jerk type fuel pumps.

Exhaust valves.

Air starts distributors

Question Class 2 Sr 8 2005

Describe how each of the following procedure may be accomplished by bridge control equipment for a direct reversing 2 stroke diesel engine

Setting the direction of rotation

Starting

Controlling speed

Question Class 2 Sr 7 2005

Recent experience has shown persistence damage occurring on seating faces of main engine exhaust valve, which is not confined to any particular unit.

State with reason the possible causes

State the short term action to be taken in order to minimize engine operational problem

State with reason how future incident of this nature could be minimized

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Question Class 2 Sr 7 2005

State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.

Explain how the causes stated in Q.2(a) may be determined.

Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.

State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

Question Class 2 Sr 7 2005

(a) It is discovered that one tie rod in a direct drive crosshead engine has failedin service, explain:-

(i) The possible reasons for this failure.

(ii) How the failed rod can be removed.

(b) Explain the consequences of operating an engine with a broken tie rod.

c) Explain the effects of over tightening a tie bolt

Question Class 2 Sr 6 2005

With reference to recent ratification of MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, ships will be required to burn low sulphur (1.5%) fuel oil. Discuss the properties of cylinder liner lubricant for compatibility with this type of fuel and the on board management of operating the engines with two different types of fuel for main engine.

Question Class 2 Sr 4 2005

During a routine crankcase inspection, a main engine top end bearing is found to bewiped and subsequent inspection shows that the pin is badly scored.

Explain in detail the action, which should be taken to enable the engine to be safety operated so that the vessel may reach a port where effective repair facilities are available.

State with reasons the factors, which influence the speed at which the engine may be safely operated.

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Question Class 2 Sr 4 2005

With reference to a vessel on a five year time charter:

After 4 weeks the chief engineer officer has received complaints that the vessel isnot maintaining charter speed, explain how CEO would investigate and attempt to remedy the situation.

b- The charterer has requested the use of a lower quality fuel as his cost for bunkers are excessive. Out line the advice the CEO would offer to the owners on this request.

Question Class 2

Sketch an engine starting air system.

Describe how the engine air system sketched operates.

State, with reasons, TWO safety features which are incorporated in the Air system sketched

Question Class 2

With reference to crankshafts and piston crowns outline the main stresses to which the parts are subjected.

In each case explain how the stresses are generated and how they vary in magnitude and direction during one cycle

Question Class 2

With reference to piston rings

State with reasons the causes of breakage

State, with reasons, which ring clearances are critical

Question Class 2

Enumerate the causes of vibration

Describe procedures by which it may be reduced

State the possible effects of vibration

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Question Class 2

Define the essential conditions which must be satisfied by the air supply for pneumatic control system

Sketch a control air supply arrangement

Question Class 2

How a crankpin bearing removed

What are the various causes of bearing wear down?

Question incomplete

Question Class 2

State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.

Sketch and describe a system of control for maneuvering a main diesel engine from the bridge and show local control may be effected in case of breakdown of the system.

In the event of the main engine remote control system becoming inoperative, describe how the main engine is changed to local control.

Question Class 2

Explain why the use of residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines may be responsible for the following problems with turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades and how, in each case, the problem can be minimised.

Build up of deposits;

Hot corrosion;

Erosion

Question Class 2 Jan 2005

Describe, with the aid of a sketch, one section of a large slow speed engine crankshaft which has been assembled by shrinkage of webs into journal pins.

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Explain how a five degree twist might be caused to a shaft assembled by shrinkage.

State the possible effects of a five degree twist in the crankshaft assembly and draw conclusions as to whether the engine should be operated and any adjustments that may be necessary for continued operation. Assume that the incident has occurred at a port with no repair facilities.

Question Class 2

With ref to large fabricated bedplates explain

With reasons why longitudinal strength and rigidity is important inspite of the contribution made by ships structure

With sketches how the combustion loads imposed on piston and cylinder heads are transmitted to and absorbed by bedplate

Question Class 2

The vessel you have recently joined as Second Engineer has suffered from frequent damage to fuel injectors in the form of burned nozzles.

State, with reasons, THREE possible causes of burned injector nozzles.

Explain how you would investigate the cause of the problem.

Explain the procedures you would institute in order to minimize future problems of this nature.

Question Class 2

At a certain speed vibration occurs in a turbocharger.

State with reasons the possible causes

Explain how the cause can be detected and corrected

Explain how the risk of future incidents can be minimized

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