ek surakshit bharat ki or (2)
TRANSCRIPT
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7/23/2019 Ek Surakshit Bharat Ki or (2)
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fof'k"V ladV vkSj eanu
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okLrqdkjksa] Hkou fuekZrkvksa] BsosQnkjksa] bathfu;jksa] fMtkbujksa] iSlk yxkus okyksa] ljdkjh vf/dkfj;ksa] edku
ekfydksa] vf/dkfj;ksa] edku ekfydksa] jkt vkfn osQ fy, laosnhdj.k vkSj izf'k{k.k dk;ZozQeksa }kjk
tutkx:drk iSnk dh tkuh pkfg,A
fdlh lajpukRed bathfu;j ls laioZQ dhft, vkSj ftl edku esa vki jgrs gSa] mlosQ HkwoaQi jks/h gksus osQckjs esa mlls ijke'kZ djsaA
foxr 100 o"kks esa HkwoaQiksa dk forj.kA
HkwoaQi dh vlqj{kk dks feV~Vh fdl izdkj izHkkfor djrh gS\
vkiosQ LowQy vkSj ?kj esa HkwoaQi ls gksus okyh {kfr dks de djus osQ fy, fd, x, mik;ksa dh lwph cuk,aA bllaca/ esa vius f'k{kd vkSj ekrk&firk ls ppkZ dhft,A
us'kyuy bUiQksesZ'ku lsUVj vkWiQ vFkZDosd bathfu;fjax] vkbZ- vkbZ- Vh- dkuiqj dh osclkbZVA
,esP;ksj lhfLed lsaVj & Hkkjr dh osclkbVA
Hkkjrh; ekSle foHkkx] Hkkjr ljdkj ds
Hkwdai ls lacaf/r foHkkx dh osclkbVA
fcfYMax eSVhfj;Yl ,aM VsDuksyksth izkseks'ku dkmafly] ubZ fnYyh dh osclkbZVA;w ,l twyksftdy losZ dh osclkbVA
www.nicee.org;
www.asc-india.org;
www.imd.ernet.in/section/seismo/static/welcome.htm;
www.bmtpc.org:
www.earthquake.usgs.gov ;
fo|kfFkZ;ksa! vkSj vf/d tkudkjh tqVkb;s %
vkSj tkudkjh ds fy, fuEu osclkbV dks ns[ksa %
osc lalk/ku
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HkwL[kyu
pV~Vkuksa] feV~Vh vkSj eycksas osQ ,sls fiQlyus okys
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eanu dk;Z uhfr;ka
lajpukRed eanu
xSj&lajpukRed eanu
viokg esa lq/kj %
bathfu;jh lajpuk,a %
iq'rk nhokj %
ouLifr vkoj.k esa o`f %
ladV ekufp=k.k %
Hkwfe mi;ksx %
c`gr~ lapyd dks izsfjr djus okyk
lcls egRoiw.kZ lk/u ikuh gSA Hkkjh o"kkZ osQ nkSjku Hkw{ks=kksa esa
ikuh fjl tkrk gSA bl fLFkfr dks jksdus dk izkd`frd rjhdkikuh osQ fjlko dks de djuk gS rFkk mls fcuk #dkoV osQ
cgus nsuk gSA bl izdkj lcls igyk vkSj izeq[k eanu mik;viokg esa lq/kj gSA blosQ fy, vlqjf{kr
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fof'k"V ladV vkSj eanu
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ouLifr foghu mQijh
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1 2
3 4
lw[kk
psrkouh %
lw[ks dk vkxeu /hjs&/hjs gksrk gSA blosQ vkxeu vkSj
lekfIr dk le; r; djuk Hkh dfBu gksrk gSA blosQ
izHkko ,d yEch vof/ esa /hjs&/hjs bdV~Bs gksrs jgrsgSA ;gh ugha lw[ks osQ lekIr gks tkus osQ ckn Hkh bldk
volj eghuksa ls ysdj lkyksa rd cuk jgrk gSA d{kk8 dh ikB~;iqLrd ^vkvks feydj pysa] ,d lqjf{kr
Hkkjr dh vksj** Hkkx&1 esa ge blosQ dkj.kksa] nq"izHkkoksavkSj Hkkjr esaa lw[ks ls vDlj izHkkfor {ks=kksa dh
tkudkjh ys pqds gSaA
Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx osQ vuqlkj ns'k
dks lw[kkxzLr rc dgk tkrk gS] tc o"kkZ dh oqQy deh
nh?kZ vof/ vkSlr osQ 10 ls vf/d gks vkSj ns'k dk 20 ls vf/d {ks=k lw[ks dh ,slh n'kkvksa ls izHkkfor gksA o"kkZosQ fxjrs Lrj] HkkSe ty dk fxjrk gqvk Lrj] lw[krs oqQ,a] ufn;ka vkSj tyk'k;] rFkk f"k osQ mRiknu esa deh] lw[ks osQ
vkxeu dh psrkouh nsrs gSaA
lkekU; :i ls lw[kk fHkUu yksxksa osQ fy, fHkUu vFkZ okyk gksrk gSA ekSle foKkuh osQ fy, lw[kk o"kkZ dk vHkko
gSA f"k oSKkfud osQ fy, lw[kk] iQly dh o`f vkSj mRikndrk esa lgk;d iQlyksa dh tM+ksa osQ {ks=k esa] e`nk dh ueh
esa deh gSA
ty foKkuh osQ fy, >hyksa] tyk'k;ksa vkfn esa ty osQ Lrj dk uhpk gksuk gSA uxj izca/d osQ fy, is;ty dhmiyC/rk esa deh gh lw[kk gSA vr% izR;sd {ks=k osQ f;k dykiksa osQ fy, lw[ks dh lkoZHkkSe ifjHkk"kk nsuk furkar
vO;kogkfjd gSA
lw[kk
,d tyok;fod vlaxfr gSA bldh fo'ks"krk gS %
ueh dh vkiwfrZ esa dehA ;g deh ;k rks lkekU;ls de o"kkZ] o"kkZ osQ vfu;fer forj.k] ty dh
vf/d ekax ;k bu lHkh dkjdksa osQ lfEefyr
izHkko ls gksrh gSA
fp=k esa %
1- lw[ks ls izHkkfor leqnk; o"kkZ osQ fy, bZ'oj ls izkFkZuk djrs gq,A
2- lw[kk yksxksa dks is; ty dh ryk'k esa ehyksa rd pyus dks foo'k djnsrk gSA
3- iQly u gksus ls eqlhcr esa fdlku4- o"kkZ dh deh osQ dkj.k ty osQ lHkh lzksr lw[k x, gSaA
fof'k"V ladV vkSj eanu
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f;k dyki 1 % Hkkjr esa lw[ks ls izk;% izHkkfor gksus okys {ks=kksa dh igpku dhft,A ,d dsl v;;u osQ
lkFk] leqnk; ij lw[ks osQ nq"izHkkoksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k fyf[k,A
f;k dyki 2 %
uksV %
vkb;s vc ge ,d y?kq ys[k i
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eanu dk;Z uhfr;k
lajpukRed eanu
ugjksa] rkykcksa vkfn tSls ty osQ ikjaifjd laxzg osQ
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fof'k"V ladV vkSj eanu
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fu;kstu] ty laj{k.k dh ikjaifjd dk;Zuhfr;ksa vkfn osQ
fo"k; esa tkx:drk iSnk djus dh igy djrh gSA laLFkkvksaesa izeq[k gS ljdkj] xSj ljdkjh laxBu] LFkkuh; fuxe vkSj
vU; izeq[k laLFkk,A
viuh {kerkvksa ij vk/kfjr Hkwfe
mi;ksx] Hkwfe vkSj ty osQ loksZke mi;ksx esa lgk;d gksrk
gSA bl izdkj nq#i;ksx ls mith vuko';d ekax ls cpk tkldrk gSA
blls lw[ks }kjk de ls de izHkkfor gksus okyh vkthfodkvksa dh igpku dh tk ldrh gSAlw[ks ls izHkkfor {ks=kksa esa lkekU;r% tks vkthfodk,a izpfyr gSa] muesa izeq[k gSa % bekjrh ydM+h dks NksM+dj vU;
lkeqnkf;d ouksa ls ou mRiknksa dk laxzg.k] c
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fof'k"V ladV vkSj eanu
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#d x;k gSA izfr O;fDr vk; nl xq.kh c
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vH;kl
1- lajpukRed vkSj xSj lajpukRed eanu osQ iz;Ruksa ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ v;k; esa of.kZr izR;sd ladV osQ fy,fdUgha nks dk lq>ko nhft,A
2- ladV eku fp=k.k fdls dgrs gSa\;g pokr osQ fy, izHkkoh eanu mik; fdl izdkj gS\
3- ty laxzg.k fdls dgrs gSa\ ty dh deh dks nwj djus osQ fy, ;g fdl izdkj vPNk mik; gks ldrk gS\
4- vkiosQ fopkj ls vgen uxj osQ jkysxkao flh esa lw[ks dh leL;kvksa ls fucVus osQ fy,] fdu iz;Ruksa us yksxksadh enn dh\
5- Li"V dhft, fd ,slk D;k gS ftlls lw[kk izo.k {ks=kksa esa fL=k;ksa vkSj cPpksa ij gh lcls vf/d izHkko iM+rk gSA
6- ck
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3v;k; lkekU; ekuo izsfjrvkinkvksa dh jksdFkke
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fiNys v;k; esa geus Hkkjr esa O;kIr oqQN izkfrd ladVksa vkSj muosQ eanu osQ mik;ksa dh ppkZ dh gSA blv;k; eas ge ekuo izsfjr oqQN lkekU; ladVksa vkSj muosQ jksdus osQ mik;ksa osQ fo"k; esa i
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nwljs izdkj ds ukfHkdh; vk;q/ ukfHkdh; lay;uizfrf;k osQ }kjk Hkkjh ek=kk esa viuh tkZ iSnk djrs gSaA ;s ce
fo[kaMu ceksa dh rqyuk esa gtkj xquk 'kfDr'kkyh gksrs gSaA ,slk
blfy, gS fd lay;u izfrf;k,a nzO;eku dh izfr bdkbZ esafo[kaMu izfrf;kvksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d tkZ dks eqDr djrh gSA
bUgsa gkbMkstu ce] ,p&ce] rki ukfHkdh; ce ;k lay;u cedgrs gSaA
lalkj esa oSKkfud 'kks/ dh izxfr ls vusd ns'kksa us
ukfHkdh; vk;q/ cukus dh izkS|ksfxdh izkIr dj yh gSA vusdukfHkdh; fj,sDVjksa dk fctyh cukus osQ fy, mi;ksx gks jgk gSA
buesa nq?kZVuk o'k gkfudkjd fofdj.k dk [krjk iSnk gks ldrk gSA
ukfHkdh; inkFkks dh pksjh ls ^MVhZ ce** uked vifj"r cecuk, tk ldrs gSaA budk mi;ksx vlkekftd rRoksa ;k vkardoknhlewgksa osQ }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ukfHkdh; nq?kZVuk ;k vke.k dh fLFkfr esa ?kcjkb;s ughaA jsfM;ks,sfDVork osQ lkekU; y{k.k ;s gSa & mcdkbZ]
pDdj vkuk] mYVh gksuk] vkSj vkRe foLe`fr] dksbZ xa/ ugha ysfdu "ek dh ygjA ukfHkdh; foLiQksV osQ ckn
oqQoqQjeqks tSlk ckny cu tkrk gSA
f;k dyki 1 % ij crk, x, ukfHkdh; ceksa osQ nks fHkUu
izdkjksa osQ fp=k ,d=k dhft, rFkk mu ij ,d laf{kIr ys[k
fyf[k,A
ge vius vki dks ukfHkdh; fofdj.k vkSj vke.kksa ls dSls cpk ldrs gSa\
6 vxLr] 1945 dks ^buksyk xs* uked
ch&29] vesfjdh ce o"kZd us fgjksf'kekuxj ij ,d v.kqce fxjk fn;kA /jkry ls
2000 iqQV ij] ^^fyfVy ck;** uked
ce esa foLiQksV gks x;kA blls rRdky uxjdk 90 Hkkx /jk'kk;h gks x;kA fouk'k
vfo'oluh; FkkA uxj dk nl oxZ ehy ls
vf/d dk {ks=k rqjar u"V gks x;kA uxj dkosQUnz lpeqp Hkki cu x;kA uxj osQ vU;vf/drj Hkkxksa esa vkx yx xbZZA 66000
yksx ej x, rFkk 69000 ?kk;y gks x,A9 vxLr dks] nwljs ok;q;ku us]
^iSQVeSu* owQV&uke okys vkSj vf/d cM+s
ce dks ukxklkdh ij fxjk fn;kA LFkkuh;Hkwxksy osQ dkj.k ukxklkdh laiw.kZ fouk'k ls
cp x;kA ysfdu fiQj Hkh ,d frgkbZ 'kgjrckg gks x;kA blesa 39000 yksxksa dh e`R;q
gqbZ rFkk 25]000 ?kk;y gks x,A
lkekU; ekuo izsfjr vkinkvksadh jksdFkke
3737
,d uo;qorh ftlus foLiQksV ls oqQN fnu igys gh fgjksf'kek NksM+k Fkk] dgk ^eq>s vpkud vius ck,a
okys xky ij oqQN xje&xje yxk vkSj eSa ihNs eqM+hA ;g ,d niZ.k ls vkbZ rhoz ijNkbZ tSlk FkkA blosQ ckn
xM+xM+kgV dh vkokt us iwjs xkao dks fgyk fn;kA eSa vpaHks esa Fkh fd ;g D;k gqvkA rHkh nf{k.k esa ioZrksa ijcknyksa dk ,d LraHk lk fn[kkA ;g pedhys xqykch jax dk FkkA /hjs&/hjs ;g oqQoqQjeqks osQ vkdkj dk gks x;k
vkSj vkleku dks Nwus yxkA eq>s yxk fd oqQN vlkekU; ?kV x;k gSA ysfdu eSa dHkh Hkh ;g dYiuk ugha djldh] fd fgjksf'kek tSlk bruk cM+k uxj rR{k.k vkx dh HksaV p
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jklk;fud vkSj vkS|ksfxd nq?kZVuk,a
foLiQksV dh vkx dh vksj er nsf[k,A blls rRdky va/s gks ldrs gSaA
lHkh njokts vkSj f[kM+fd;ka can dj nhft,A ljdkj ls lwpuk feyus rd ?kj esa jfg,A jsfM;ks,sfDVork Bksl
lajpukvksa esa izos'k ugha dj ldrh] ysfdu vkx Hkouksa dks {kfr xzLr dj ldrh gSA
lHkh Hkkstu vkSj ikuh dks
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lkekU; ekuo izsfjr vkinkvksadh jksdFkke
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i;kZoj.k osQ fy, ladV iSnk djus okys gSaA yxHkx lHkh ?kjksa esa ,sls mRiknksa dk mi;ksx gks jgk gS] ftuesa [krjukd
inkFkZ ;k jlk;u gksrs gSaA oqQN [krjukd jlk;u] tks bl oxZ esa j[ks tkrs gSa] vkSj gj ?kj esa ik, tkrs gSa] ;s gSa & gs;j Lizs]
fM;ksMksjSaV] usy ikfy'k vkSj usy ikfy'k fjewoj] Vk;ysV deksM dh liQkbZ djus okyk] nhokjh jax vkSj iQuhZpj dkikfy'kA
jlk;u osQ fuekZrk [krjukd inkFkks osQ izeq[k lzksr gSaA buosQ vykok Hkh vU; lzksr gS tSls lfoZl LVs'ku] vLirkyrFkk [krjukd inkFkks osQ owQMs+ dpjs osQ
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psrkouh %
[krjs ds nq"izHkko vkSj rRo
fdlh vkS|ksfxd@jklk;fud nq?kZVuk dk vkxeu cgqr rst (feuV vkSj ?kaVs) vkSj @ ;k fcuk psrkouh osQ
vkdfLed gks ldrk gSA vkxeu] nq?kZVuk osQ ?kVus osQ Lo:i ij fuHkZj djrk gSA jlk;uksa osQ ekspu dk dkj.k ekuoHkwy] izkS|ksfxdh; [kjkch ;k izkfrd f;k,a gks ldrh gSaA izkfrd f;kvksa esa HkwxHkhZ; gypy tSls Hkwdai] izkfrd
vkx] ck
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lkekU; ekuo izsfjr vkinkvksadh jksdFkke
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Bhopal, showing the area affected by the leakage of toxic gas.
(Source:www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le07.jpg)
f;k dyki & 2 % osclkbV ij i=k&if=kdkvksa vkSj iqLrdksa ls ,sls ys[k if
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2- Hkw fe mi;ksx fu;kstu %
3- lkeqnkf;d rS;kjh %
[krjs de djus osQ vU; laHkkfor mik; %
l?ku tula[;k okys vkoklh; {ks=k vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa ls cgqr nwj gksus pkfg,A vkS|ksfxd{ks=k vkSj vkoklh; {ks=kksa osQ chp esa ,d izfrjks/d {ks=k (gfjr iV~Vh) gksuk pkfg,A m|ksxksa ls fudys owQMs+&dpjs
osQ fy, csgrj fu;kstu dh vko';drk gS] rkfd i;kZoj.k iznwf"kr u gks tk,A fdlh Hkh m|ksx dks yxkus ls iwoZ
fuiVku osQ lqjf{kr rjhdksa dh ;kstuk cukbZ tkuh pkfg,A fu;kstu izf;k osQ vax osQ :i esa owQM+s&dpjs osQfuiVku osQ LFkkuksa dk fu/kZj.k t:jh gSA
leqnk; dks [krjukd izfr"Bkuksa rFkk nq?kZVuk osQ le; cpko osQ rjhdksa dh tkudkjh gksuh
pkfg,A LFkkuh; leqnk; dks nq?kZVuk osQ ckn dh tokch dk;Zokgh osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh nh tkuh pkfg,A leqnk;osQ lnL;ksa dks m|ksxksa ls gksus okys iznw"k.k ij utj j[kuh pkfg, rFkk cpko osQ udyh vH;kl esa Hkkx ysuk
pkfg,A
4- buesa vkx ls cpko dh {kerk vkSj psrkouh iz.kkyh lq/kj djuk]
vkx cq>kus vkSj iznw"k.k foltZu dh {kerk esa lq/kj djuk] vkikr dkyhu jkgr dk fodkl djuk rFkk
deZpkfj;ksa vkSj fudVorhZ cfLr;ksa osQ LFkku NksM+us dk fu;kstu 'kkfey gSA buosQ vykok] m|ksx dfeZ;ksa dksnq?kZVuk osQ ckn tokch dk;Zokgh dk izf'k{k.k] iwjk LFkku [kkyh djus dk vH;kl] izns'k esa gokvksa dh fn'kk dk
vkjs[k cukdj j[kuk] tgjhys inkFkks osQ HkaMkj.k dks lhfer j[kuk] m|ksxksa dk chek rFkk lqj{kk dkuwu 'kkfey
gSA
1- ;g irk yxkb;s fd vkiosQ uxj ;k xkao osQ vklikl dkSu ls m|ksx gSa rFkk D;k os fdlh [krjukd inkFkZ dkmi;ksx djrs gSaA
2- irk yxkb;s fd D;k vkS|ksfxd nq?kZVuk gksus ij cpko osQ fy, dksbZ vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gSA yksxksa osQeosf'k;ksa] ty lzksrksa vkfn osQ fo"k;xzLr gks tkus ij fdl izfr fo"k dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
3- irk yxkb;s fd D;k vkiosQ LFkkuh; MkDVjksa dks bu jlk;uksa ls gksus okyh chekfj;ksa osQ bykt dh tkudkjh gSA
4- viuh lwpuk dh ,d fjiksVZ rS;kj dhft,A mfpr vf/dkfj;ksa rd lwpuk igqpkus esa vius f'k{kd dh enn
yhft,A vf/dkfj;ksa esa] ftyk/h'k] [kaM ;k rkYyqdk fodkl vf/dkjh ;k uxj fuxe vkSj fudVorhZ ih ,plh 'kkfey gSA
5- jklk;fud nq?kZVuk gksus ij lkekU; D;k djsa vkSj D;k u djsa dk ,d pkVZ cukb;sA ;g pkVZ m|ksx ls izkIrlwpukvksa osQ vk/kj ij rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
f;k dyki 3 % ge jklk;fud vkinkvksa dks dSls jksd ldrs gSa rFkk dSls rS;kjh dj ldrs gSa\
lkekU; ekuo izsfjr vkinkvksadh jksdFkke
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okf'kaxVu Mhlh % nks Mkd dfeZ;ksa dh vLi"V dkj.kksa ls eR;q gks xbZAblesa la;qDr jkT; osQ vf/dkfj;ksa us ,sUFkzSDl ls Nwr dh vk'kadk
trkbZ FkhALokLF; vf/dkfj;ksa }kjk ^^vR;f/d lUnsgkLin**
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa e`rdksa osQ 'kjhjksa ij ,sUFkSzDl osQ y{k.kksa osQ fy,ijh{k.k fd, x;sA nwljs Mkd dehZ dh e`R;q osQ ckn la;qDr jkT;
vf/dkfj;ksa us ,sUFkSzDl osQ lae.k dh iqf"V dhA lkjs ns'k esa lae.k
osQ ,sls nl osQl FksA u, ihfM+rksa esa chekjh osQ xaHkhj y{k.k ik, x,Ala;qDr jkT; esa ftu ,sUFkSzDl jksfx;ksa dh igpku dh xbZ Fkh] muesa 6
Ropk ,sUFkSzDl rFkk 6 lkal laca/h ,sUFkSzDl osQ jksxh FksA yksfjMk esa,d v[kckj dehZ dh e`R;q ,sUFkSzDl dh lkal ysus ls gqbZ FkhA
lzksr % chchlh lekpkj
Mkd dfeZ;ksa dh e`R;q ls ,UFzkSDl dh vk'kadklkseokj] 22 vDrwcj] 2001] 20%57 th ,e Vh 21%57 ;wosQ
2001 ds ,UFkzSDl vkrad dsnkSjku la;qDr jkT; vesfjdklsizkIr iSdst ds lkFk Hkkjr dk ,d Mkd dehZ
lkekU; ekuo izsfjr vkinkvksadh jksdFkke
4343
tSfod vkink,a
tSfod vk;q/ksa dks ^xjhcksa dk ukfHkdh; ce** dgk tkrk gSA bldk dkj.k gS] fd bUgsa vklkuh ls cuk;k tkldrk gS] fcuk fdlh ifj"r iz.kkyh osQ y{; ij Hkstuk laHko gksrk gS] rFkk buesa lSdM+ksa gtkjksa yksxksa dks ekjus ;k
pksV igqpkus dh {kerk gSA blosQ fy, lkekU; ;qfDr;ksa osQ }kjk tSfod vk;q/ksa dk mi;ksx gks ldrk gSA ;s ;qfDr;ka gS &iQlyksa ij fNM+dko ds fy, iz;qDr ok;q;ku] ;k NksVs ls b=k fNM+dus okys ;a=kA jklk;fud] ikjaifjd vkSj ukfHkdh;
vk;q/ksa dk rks rRdky izHkko gksrk gS] ysfdu tSfod dkjdksa dks chekjh iQSykus esa nsj (?kaVksa ls ysdj fnuksa rd) yxrh
gSA ;gh ugha] tSfod vk;q/ksa ls iSQyh chekjh dk Kku vkjafHkd voLFkkvksa esa gks Hkh ugha ikrkA Iysx vkSj pspd tSlhchekfj;k cgqr rsth ls iSQyrh gS budh le; ij igpku u gksus ij nwljs yksx izHkkfor gks ldrs gSaA nwljs yksxksa esa
MkDVj vkSj LokLF; dehZ Hkh 'kkfey gSA
D;k vki tkurs gSa
100 xzke ,sUFkSzDl ;fn fdlh izeq[k uxj esa iSQyk fn;k tk, rks 30 yk[k yksxksa dh e`R;q dk
dkj.k cu ldrk gSA
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1- tSfod vke.k esa jksxk.kq ;kvU; tSfod inkFkZ gok esa NksM+fn, tkrs gSaA jksxk.kq 'okl osQ}kjk 'kjhj esa izos'k djrs gSa oRopk ij [kjksap osQ }kjk rFkk
Hkkstu osQ }kjk 'kjhj esa igqptkrs gSa vkSj jksxh cuk nsrs gSaAoqQN tSfod dkjd Nwr dhchekjh iSQyk ldrs gSa] nwljsughaA
2- tSfod vke.k dk irkrRdky yx Hkh ldrk gS]ugha Hkh yx ldrkA ;glaHko gS fd vkidks tSfodvke.k dk irk yxk tk,
ysfdu LokLF; dfeZ;ksa dksvlk/kj.k jksxksa osQ izfr:idh tkudkjh gks gh tkrh gSA
3- vkidks 'kk;n jsfM;ks ;kVsyhfotu ls [krjs dhtkudkjh fey ldrh gSAysfdu xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa ykmMLihdj ;k vU; rjhdksa tSls
pokr dh psrkouh osQ fy,iz;qDr gksus okys rjhdksa lspsrkouh fey ldrh gSA
4- ;fn vkidks fdlh vutkuvlkekU; ;k lUnsgkLin oLrqosQ iSQyus dh tkudkjh gS rksvius vkidks cpkus esa dksbZ
cqjh ckr ugha gSA
5- ,sls inkFkks ls tYnh ls tYnh nwjpys tk,aA
6- vius eqag vkSj ukd dks diM+s ls
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lkekU; ekuo izsfjr vkinkvksadh jksdFkke
4545
f;k dyki & 4 % viuh d{kk esa fofHkUu ekuo izsfjr vkinkvksa osQ fy, ,d udyh vH;kl dk vk;kstu
dhft, vkSj fopkj dhft, fd vki dSls tokch dk;Zokgh vkSj cpko dh rS;kjh djsaxsA
D;k vki tkurs gSa\
osc lalk/ku
vkSj tkudkjh ds fy, fuEu osclkbV dks ns[ksa %
laHkkfor jlk;u fjlko osQ izkjafHkd y{k.k ;s gSa % mkstuk] uFkquksa vkSj vk[kksa esa tyu vkSj ykyhAblosQ ckn mcdkbZ] pDdj vkuk] vkRe foLe`fr vkfn y{k.k fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA
xSl fjlko osQ nkSjku vkrad izsfjr HkxnM+ gkfudkjd gksrh gSA vius LFkku ij 'kkar jfg,] eqg ijxhyk diM+k jf[k, vkSj blh esa ls lkal yhft,A vusd xSlsa ikuh esa ?kqy tkrh gSA
tehu ij ysVus ls Hkh enn fey ldrh gS D;ksafd [krjukd xSlsa gok ls gYdh gksrh gS vkSj ijdh vksj mBus yxrh gSaA
1.
2. the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)
has developeda programmecalledas Awareness and Preparedness forEmergencies
at Local Level (APELL), in conjunction with governments and industry with the
purpose of minimizing theoccurrenceandharmfuleffectsof technological accidents
andenvironmental emergencies.
3 .
International Labour Organisation, Preventing major industrial accidents in
Asia : A guide
4.
html UNEP Training Material on Management of Industrial
Accident Prevention and Preparedness
http://www.fema.gov/hazard/hazmat/index.shtm
www.uneptie.org/pc/apell
www.ilo.org/public/english/region/asro/bangkok/asiaosh/ilorepor/prevt/sec2.
htm
http://www.unep.org/unep/regoffs/roap/nettlap/Products/TrainingMaterials/
Accidents/index.
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vH;kl
1- ikja ifjd ceksa dh rqyuk esa ukfHkdh; ce D;ksa vf/d [krjukd gSa\
2- vius i;kZoj.k esa ls de ls de nks lkekU; ekuo izsfjr vkinkvksa osQ mnkgj.k nhft,A buosQ de djus ;k jksdus
osQ fy, lq>ko Hkh nhft,A
3- vki osQ {ks=k esa ekuo izsfjr lkekU; ladV dkSu gSa] ftuosQ vkink esa cny tkus dh laHkkouk jgrh gS\buosQ
nq"izHkkoksa dks de djus osQ fy, vki dkSu ls ikap fofHkUu dne mBk,axs\
4- jklk;fud vkinkvksa dh rqyuk esa fodhj.k vkink,a vf/d cM+s {ks=k dks D;ksa izHkkfor djrh gSa\
5- ukfHkdh; vkinkvksa osQ nq"izHkkoksa osQ fo"k; esa tkx:drk iSnk djus osQ fy, vki 6 vxLr vkSj9 vxLr dh rkjh[kksa dk mi;ksx dSls djsaxs\
6- jksx foKku dh iz;ksx'kkykvksa vkSj vLirkyksa osQ tSfod owQM+s&dpjs osQ fuiVku osQ fy, D;k lko/kfu;k cjruhpkfg,\
7- ukfHkdh; fofdj.k vkSj vke.kksa ls vius vkidks cpkus osQ fy, 5 mik;ksa dh lwph cukb;sA
8- fp=k 1-1 dk v;;u dhft, vkSj lcls vf/d vkxeu okyh izkfrd vkinkvksa dks igpkfu;sA crkb;s fdbuosQ }kjk lalkj osQ dkSu ls Hkkx lcls vf/d izHkkfor gksrs gSa\
lkekU; ekuo izsfjr vkinkvksadh jksdFkke
4646
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4dgkuh if
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7/23/2019 Ek Surakshit Bharat Ki or (2)
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vkink izca/u osQ fy, lkeqnkf;d fu;kstu
4848
fiNys v;k; esa geus fofHkUu ladVksa osQ fy, mi;ksxh eanu mik;ksa ij ppkZ dh FkhA ysfdu fdlh {ks=k esa
vkus okyh vkink dk izHkkoh eanu djus osQ fy, leqnk; dk vkilh lg;ksx vkSj ljdkj osQ lkFk rkyesy cSBkdjigy djuk t+:jh gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj vkink izca/u osQ fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa lkeqnkf;d {kerk,a fufeZr djus dh iqjtksj fgek;r djrh gSA;gh ugha og leqnk;ksa ls vkink izca/u dh ;kstuk, rS;kj djus dk Hkh vkxzg djrh gS] ftlls ladVksa dks jksdk tk losQ
mudk eanu fd;k tk losQ vkSj muls fucVus osQ fy, csgrj rS;kjh dh tk losQA ljdkj dk ekuuk gS fd vkink osQ[krjksa dks de djus osQ fy, ekxZn'kZu rFkk leqnk;ksa esa fu;kstu dh izf;k esa lg;ksx djus esa f'k{kd vkSj Nk=k]
leqnk; osQ f'kf{kr lnL; gksus osQ ukrs vge Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA
vkink LFky ij igys ls mifLFkr gksus osQ dkj.k leqnk; gh
lcls igys tokch dk;Zokgh djrk gSA
tc fdlh {ks=k esa dksbZ vkink vkrh gS rks ogka osQ fuokfl;ksa vkSj muosQ
lalk/uksa osQ fo"k; esa] ml {ks=k osQ fuokfl;ksa dks gh csgrj] foLr`r vkSj rktk tkudkjh gksrh gSA
vf/dre vkink, ckj&ckj vkrh gSa] blhfy, muls fucVus osQ fy,
igys ls izpfyr ,d ikjaifjd ra=k gksrk gSA ;g ra=k ih
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[kaM fodkl vf/dkjh ds dk;kZy; esa gqbZ lHkk esa D;k gqvk\
fo|ky; us bl igy esa fdl izdkj lgk;rk dh\
lHkk esa] mlus ns[kk fd ljdkjh dk;ZdkkZvksa osQ vykok ogka vk;q esa mlls cM+s Hkh oqQN ;qok Lo;alsod FksA osle>k jgs Fks fd fdl izdkj muosQ izns'k Hkwdai] ck
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jke th 70 o"kZ ls vf/d vk;q osQ o` lTtu gSaA xkao dh ml lHkk esa mUgksaus xkaookyksa ij iM+us okyh fofHkUu
vkinkvksa osQ nq"izHkkoksa dh ppkZ dhA mUgksaus vkxs crk;k fd os bu xkao okyksa dks izk;% vkus okyh vkinkvksa ls gksusokyh ihM+kvksa dks >syrs gq, ns[k pqosQ gSaA
mudh ckrsa lqurs gq, xkaookyksa us eglwl fd;k bu vkinkvksa ls iM+us okys nq"izHkkoksa dks de djus osQ dbZ rjhosQ
gSaA lHkk osQ chp ls] fd'kksj o; dk ';kew [kM+k gqvk vkSj vius vuqHko crk, fd dSls og vkSj mlosQ nksLr] fiNyso"kZ vkbZ ck