eInteraction Point Events and Happeningsin the SLAC Community

March, 1992, Vol. 3, No. 3

Why Do We Need a B Factory?by Michael Riordan

A LONG, LONG TIME AGO,something mysterious happenedduring the birth of the Universe,leading to the creation of everythingin it. Today physicists around theworld are trying to build a revolu-tionary new kind of particle collidercalled a B factory in a global effortto solve this profound mystery.

During the first split seconds ofthe Big Bang, cosmologists believe,equal amounts of matter and anti-matter began condensing out of aseething fireball of pure energy.But at some point in this burst ofcreation, there must have been aprocess that favored matter slight-ly, leading to a tiny excess of it.While virtually all the antimattersoon disappeared, after beingannihilated by an equal amount ofmatter, the extra matter thatremained eventually generated allthe galaxies, stars, planets andevery other object in existence.

For more than 30 years after itsdiscovery in 1932, antimatter wasthought to behave exactly like mat-ter. For example, the electron hasthe same mass as its antiparticle,the positron, and they behave simi-larly in electric and magnetic fields.This symmetry between matter andantimatter was widely believed tobe inviolable.

In 1964 an actual differencebetween the behavior of matter andthat of antimatter, which physicistscall "CP violation," was observed in

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the way subatomic particles knownas K mesons disintegrated. NeutralK mesons do not decay exactly liketheir antiparticles. Although only asmall effect, less than a percent, itcould not be ignored. Despitephysicists' tremendous efforts tofind other instances, this is the onlyproven case of such a differencethus far observed.

In the decade following this dis-covery, cosmologists seized uponthe occurrence of this difference tosuggest how a Universe containingonly matter-the one we live intoday-could ever have emergedfrom a primeval state of pure ener-gy. But a much greater degree of CPviolation is needed to account forthe extra matter that was created.Because so little is known in generalabout this phenomenon (due to thelack of any further examples), mostof these intriguing ideas haveremained mere speculations.

High-energy physicists haverecently realized that heavy sub-atomic particles known as B mesons

offer the best opportunity to discov-er additional cases of this puzzlingphenomenon and to study themmore thoroughly in hopes of pro-viding a general explanation.Because the difference betweenB mesons and their antiparticles isexpected to be quite large, 20 per-cent or more, detailed studieswould be much easier to perform.

A consensus has also emergedthat an electron-positron collider-especially one in which the elec-trons and positrons circulate withunequal energies-is the best kindof machine to use in looking fordifferences between a B mesonand its antiparticle. The energiesare set to produce such pairs inabundance; the fact that they areunequal means that the particleand antiparticle are produced inmotion rather than at rest. Thisfeature permits physicists to dis-tinguish one from the other andobtain much more informationabout their behavior.

cont'd. on pg. 2

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Spring is Here B Factory cont'd. from pg. 1

After several years of intensiveresearch and development, both atSLAC and at other institutionsworldwide, the technology tobuild such an "asymmetric" B fac-tory is now available. In itsdetailed review of the SLAC pro-posal for such a facility, a Depart-ment of Energy panel concluded

last year that "the design was ele-gant and there are no potentialshow stoppers." If the means canbe found to fund this project,physicists here may get a chance toanswer the age-old question,"Why are we here?"

The marigolds Mary Galli planted in hergarden plot last year bloomed profusely.They provided a cheerful sight in the gar-den, and bouquets that Mary shared withfriends as she made her mail rounds.

IT'S TIME to start planning andplanting those summer crops. TheSLAC/Addison-Wesley GardenClub is now accepting renewalsfor 1992. Last year's membershave already received their renew-al notices. The $2 fee per plot formembers is due March 31. Plotsnot renewed by then will be avail-able to any interested member.The fee for new members is $4 perplot and will be accepted begin-ning April 1.

The Garden Club plots, whichmeasure 10 feet by 20 feet, are locat-ed across from the General ServicesBuilding, between SLAC and Addi-son-Wesley. Water, compost, tools,and assorted garden equipment areprovided to members.

If you are interested in joiningthe Garden Club, or if you haveany questions, please contactRoxanne Jones at ext. 3626 or sende-mail to CONTAOI@SLACVM.Garden Club news is also postedon Netnews under REC.GARDEN.

-Roxanne Jones

The Interaction Point © 1992, is published byInformation Services of Stanford LinearAccelerator Center. Editors: EvelynEldridge-Diaz and Bill Kirk. Photographer:Tom Nakashima. Deadline for articles isthe first of every month. Submissions maybe sent electronically to TIP@SLACVM or bySLAC mail to TIP, M/S 68. Phone 926-4128.

Theory Group Reunited for Photo

WHEN IT WAS LEARNED thatBrian Warr was gravely ill, mem-bers of the Theory Group did twospecial things for him. In keepingwith the Japanese legend that fold-ing 1000 origami cranes for a sickperson will help that person, over1000 brightly colored paper craneswere folded by Brian's friends andcolleagues. The cranes were strungtogether in garlands and sent toBrian in England. Theory Groupmembers were also called togetherrecently from all around the BayArea to have a group picture tak-en. Brian received the cranes andthe photo before his death onMarch 10. Pictures of the cranescan be seen in the Theory Depart-ment.

Pictured above are:1. Elea Drake; 2. Matt Strassler;3. Michael Dine, UCSC; 4. Pierre

Noyes; 5. Renata Kasllosh;6. Helen Quinn; 7. Amanda Peet;8. Sharon Jensen; 9. Ovid Jacob;10. Ivan Schmidt; 11. Colin Morn-ingstar; 12. Safi Bhacall; 13. PatrickHuet; 14. Shahar Ben-Menahem;15. Larus Thorlacius; 16. MatthiasNeubert; 17. Rob Leigh, UCSC;18. Adam Falk; 19. Howie Haber,UCSC; 20. Lance Dixon; 21. ZviBern; 22. Doug MacIntire, UCSC;23. Andrei Linde; 24. Jaume Roca;25. Tomas Ortin; 26. Alex Pomarol,UCSC; 27. Vittorio Del Duca;28. Michael Peskin; 29. LennySusskind; 30. Tatsu Takeuchi;31. Carl Schmidt; 32. MarvinWeinstein; 33. Sid Drell;34, Dick Blankenbecler; 35. WillieLangeveld; 36. Brian Lynn;37. Tom Hyer; 38. Don Finnell;39. Paul Tsai; 40. Jonathan Feng;41. BJ Bjorken

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CALLING ALL CENTIPEDES

The infamous 1983 SLAC Accelepede as it slithered towards sartorial victory.

WANTED: PHYSICALLY FIT FOLKS (or those who intend to be) toform part of a SLAC centipede in the 81st 1992 Bay to Breakers Run onSunday, May 17. Only those who like to have fun need register. The firstAccelepede, which appeared in 1983, won an award as the most strikingly-costumed creation in the race. The creature was composed of 31 SLACemployees in red boxes which were connected by white ducting. If youwant to be included in the centipede, call Priscilla Lukon, ext. 4442. Partici-pants will be matched for similar ability.

The 12-kilometer race begins at 8 A.M. at Spear and Howard Streetsnear the Embarcadero, follows a hilly course through Golden Gate Park,and ends near the beach on the Great Highway. A bus from SLAC to therace and a box lunch afterwards, are being organized. The cost per personfor the bus and box lunch is $18-$20. Please register with Eileen Derr,ext. 4365. The deadline to register for the bus is April 23. Registration forthe race is separate; the fee is $12. All individuals are responsible for theirown race registration. Forms are available at the Medical Department andmust be postmarked no later than April 15.

Priscilla Lukon

PHOTOGRAPHY EXHIBIT AT COMPUTING CENTER

IF YOU HAVEN'T ALREADYseen the color photographs on dis-play on the walls of the third floorof the Computing Center, consider astroll over there soon. The work ofthree Computing Service employeesis featured until the end of April.This is their second exhibit there.

Jean Drayer's photos depict graf-fiti from the walls of Ft. Funston in

San Francisco; Greg Mushial de--scribes his work as "glorified colorsnapshots-pretty things he's seenaround the world"; and Chuck Boe-heim's "dramatic images" showoutdoor scenes he's visited in theAmerican Southwest and Japan.

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D

When less is best

WASTE MINIMIZATIONAPPROXIMATELY 700 TONS ofhazardous waste, roughly enoughto fill a 2500 square-foot ranch-stylehome, was generated at SLAC in1990. Many of us are familiar withthe term "waste minimization," butmay wonder how it applies toSLAC. This article is the first in aseries intended to explain wasteminimization and to help increaseyour awareness of it.

Wastes are categorized in anumber of ways; two major cate-gories are hazardous and nonhaz-ardous. Hazardous wastes arethose that pose a potential threat tohuman health, living things, andthe aesthetics of our environment.They are classified based on theprocess or chemicals that generatethem, or based on certain haz-ardous characteristics such as toxic-ity. Nonhazardous wastes, such asnewspaper, white typing paper,and glass, are generally not toxic,but present a problem by taking upa significant volume of our munici-pal landfills.

Because of their toxicity, haz-ardous wastes are disposed of atspecial landfills instead of munici-pal landfills. The design of thesespecial landfills ideally isolates

hazardous wastes from the land,the ground and surface waters, andthe ambient air. In spite of the bestintentions, however, man's effortsto design a totally enclosed landfillhave not always succeeded. Somelandfills have leaked, sometimesthreatening the quality of ourpotential drinking water sourcesand our surface waters. Thus, land-fills are not a viable long-rangesolution for hazardous waste.Space in these landfills is decliningand costly, which also promotesthe need to reduce hazardouswaste volume.

We can all help to reduce costsat SLAC by reducing hazardouswaste volume. Less toxic hazard-ous waste also means less risk inthe workplace and environment,which in turn reduces SLAC's liabil-ity when disposing of and trans-porting toxic waste.

Future articles will discussSLAC's current waste minimizationefforts and ways we can furtherreduce wastes. If you have ideas orconcerns about waste minimiza-tion, please call Rich Cellamare atext. 3401. Welcome Guests and

-Rich Cellamare New Employees

Hideki Aoyagi, SLC; Murray

APPROXIMATE VOLUMES OF HAZARDOUS WASTEAT SLAC GENERATED BY SOURCE

(drawn as a typical 55 gal. drum 22" dia. x 36" ht)

LaboratoryChemicalsand other 15% .

Site Remediation10%

Manufacturing17%

Cleaning/Maintenance

/ Operations 69

- Site ConstrucDemolition 12

PolychlorinatE/ Biphenyls 40C

tion/.%

Britton, Information Services; JinDai, Theory; Walter Dittrich,Theory; Andrew Engel, Controls;Eric Jorgensen, Accelerator Opera-tions; Ryoichi Kajikawa, ResearchDivision; Yasuko Miura, Library;Yuko Okamoto, Theory; ClaudiaRansom, Personnel; John Shep-ardson, Environment, Safety, &Health; Gregory Sherwin, Con-trols; Lee Yasukawa, Controls.

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ad/o0

TRIBUTE TO BRIANBRIAN JOHN WARR, 31, died of AIDS related com-plications on March 10. He was a theoretical physicistat SLAC.

When people told stories about Brian, the phrase"in typical Brianesque fashion" was often heard-andalways understood. An exceptionally colorful English-man, he loved to enter a room and dramatically statewhatever he believed would get the strongest reaction.The resulting uproar was music to his ears. People willbe telling their favorite "Brian" story for years to come.Here are a few. -Alea Drake

BRIAN ENTERED INTO his activities with enthusi-asm. In his research, and in theory seminars he was aconstant source of original questions-always probingfor a deeper understanding and sharing his insightswith his colleagues. In the memorable year of 1989, Bri-an was an important player on the Theory Group's soft-ball team, which was the Bay Area champ (in itsleague). They beat the dreaded Experimentalists atSLAC and then met and defeated the arrogant chal-lenge of the LBL/UC Berkeley Theorists. Although newto softball, Brian contributed hits, runs, enthusiasm andhigh spirits. Brian later said that a major part of the suc-cess of the Theorists was that the pitches were directedas much at the batters as over the plate. -Sid Drell

WE MISS BRIAN'S LIVELY PRESENCE in ourgroup. His droll humor, incisive questions, and clarityof mind added much to our seminars and to our casu-al discussions. His enthusiasm for cricket, soccer, andlife in general was infectious. It was sad to watch thesequalities being destroyed by the miserable progress ofthe AIDS virus until Brian himself was gone.

-Helen Quinn

PERHAPS THE MOST MEMORABLE time that Bri-an and I spent together was in front of the theorygroup coffee pot. What started as a rather mundanediscussion at the end of the day was interrupted bythe infamous October 1989 earthquake. While wefought to stay on our feet and not to be scalded by thecoffee, it seemed as though the world, or at least thebuilding, was disintegrating around us. Even thoughit was Brian's introduction to quakes, he took it com-pletely in stride, with only a few indecipherable utter-ances. When the need was there, Brian stood tall,regained his imperturbable English essence, and wasgone in a flash. -Dick Blankenbecler

BRIAN WAS A VERY ENGAGING PERSON with areal zest for life. He loved a good argument and wasnever one to sit quietly on the side. As a result, the pro-

ceedingsaround himwere alwayslively. Perhapsan occasionalseminar speak-er failed to beamused, but wewho loved himalways relishedthe resultingforays. "Whatcould be moreboring than tosupport thehome team

49ers in the Super Bowl in a room full of 49er fanatics?"Brian would surely think. Whether professionally orsocially, Brian made a lasting impression-one that wesurely will miss. His courage and fortitude in the lastyear will especially not be forgotten. -Howie Haber

BRIAN WAS AT THE CENTER OF THINGS:vociferously outlining an argument on a hallwayblackboard; sparkling in alternations of culturedsagacity, outspokenness, and unbridled mirth. Whatwas very real to me about his style was his deep civili-ty and respect for other people. And then there washis underlying hilarity, frequently bursting forth. Iremember the late-night stillness of the apparentlydeserted corridor, shattered by a sudden shrill laugh-ter from his office-elicited by some phrase he hadread that tickled his funny bone. His calm and matter-of-fact voice when telling me, over Sunday afternoontea, of his illness. My incredulity-how could he haveknown all along and yet be so untouched?

Shahar Ben-Menahem

BRIAN ASKED the most brilliant, perceptive ques-tions of any post-doc in recent memory-sometimesbreathtaking. He thought in a profound way. He wasalways willing to share ideas freely with other post-docs, an absolutely open guy. -Stan Brodsky

WHEN I MET BRIAN I first thought, "Ohmygawd,another brash kid whose mouth is bigger than hismind." But it became a real pleasure to appreciatewhat was behind it-an aggressive curiosity abouteverything, a keen intellect, good taste, and an irrever-ent style that stimulated and enlightened everyonearound him. He became a favorite colleague andfriend. I wish there were more like him. -BJ Bjorken

NOW, OF COURSE, everything in the universe isabout 10 billion years old. Well, Sid's not quite thatold, but everything else is.

-Brian, giving a seminar on the early universe.

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__

RADIATION SAFETY RETRAINING UPDATETHE CALL FOR Radiation Worker(RWT) and General Employee (GET)retraining went out two months agofor SLAC's first-ever retraining effortsince Radiation Safety Training wasimplemented two years ago. How-ever, a few people still have notbeen retrained. There are severalconsequences for anyone who is notretrained:

* Access into controlled areaswith entrance points at the Sec-tor 30, Sector 17, and AlpineGates will be denied.

* Dosimeter badges will not beexchanged unless retraining iscompleted.

* Off-hours entry into SLAC maybe denied.

DOE Order 5480.11 (RadiationProtection for Occupational Work-ers) requires that all SLAC employeesbe monitored for potential exposureto radiation. This order furtherrequires that all SLAC employees be

ROBERT HOM was born in Min-nesota in 1927 and lived there forsix years before his family movedto Mainland China. After six yearsunder the regime of Chiang K'ai-shek, the Hom family returned tothe US and settled in San Francisco.

trained in Radiation Safety. Adosimeter badge cannot be issueduntil Radiation Safety Training hasbeen completed. Because the poten-tial for exposure for some employeesis greater than for others, the SLACpopulation has been divided intotwo categories: Radiation Workerand Non-Radiation Worker. The lev-el of training is also based on thepotential exposure to radiation. Radi-ation Workers must successfullycomplete the RWT course. Non-Radi-ation Workers must attend the GETcourse.

Radiation Safety training isgood for two years. The sticker onthe top right of the dosimeterbadge indicates the training typeand when retraining is required.Radiation Workers exchange theirbadges four times a year. Non-Radiation Workers exchange theirbadge once a year.

If you need to be retrained,please consult the 1992 Radiation

Bob received a degree in EngineeringTechnology from San FranciscoCity College in 1950.

Bob joined the Electronics Depart-ment in 1964, then went to the 40-inchHydrogen Bubble Chamber Engineer-ing Design Group in 1965. He becamean instant expert in electronics layoutand the fabrication of the 70-mm,three-view, stroboscopic camera. Bob'swork included many aspects of the 40-inch Chamber electronics until it suc-cessfully went online.

In 1967, when the 82-inch BubbleChamber came to SLAC, Bob becamea permanent member of the Hydro-gen Bubble Chamber Design andOperations Group. Hom becameengrossed in the world of cryogen-ics, supporting other facilities suchas the 15-inch Rapid Cycle Bubble

Training Schedule. RWT training isheld on the first Thursday of themonth from 8:15 A.M. to 11:30 A.M.

Radiation Workers should bring apencil or pen to the class. GETtraining is held on the first andfourth Wednesday of the month(except when changed due to holi-days), from 9:00 A.M. to 10:15 A.M.Non-Radiation Workers shouldbring their badges with them sothat the sticker on the bottom ofthe badge contains the correctexchange date of the badge. Theradiation training sticker is updat-ed upon completion of training.

All training sessions are held inthe ES&H Training Room, Build-ing 24, Room 231. Classes will belimited to the first 30 attendees on afirst-come, first-served basis, soplease arrive on time.

For further information contactDosimetry Services in OperationalHealth Physics at ext. 4729.

-Roxanne Jones

Chamber, LASS, TPC, MK II, HRS,Spin Rotators, and finally the SLD.

The town of Folsom is now"Hom Base" for Bob and his wife,Jackie. We wish them many hap-py years of retirement and willmiss Bob's familiar telephoneresponse, "Hom here."

Hank Cutler

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Test your knowledge concerning dosimeter badges with OHP's Pop Quiz.

I

1. In Picture A, Jack DeHearts is a:A. Annual Badge holderB. Quarterly Badge holderc. Radiation WorkerD. Received General Employee TrainingE. Band c

2. In Picture A, Jack DeHearts' radiationsafety training expires in:A. July 1994B. July 1992c. March 1992

3. The following statement(s) apply to thebadge in Picture B:A. Non-Radiation WorkerB. Radiation Workerc. Annual Badge holderD. General Employee TrainingE. A, C and D

4. Employees who have attended RadiationWorker Training carry the badge in pic-ture A.A. TrueB. False

5. Employees can receive a dosimeter badgewithout being trained.A. TrueB. False

6. Employees can enter a controlled areawith an expired training date.A. TrueB. False

7. In picture B, Queen DeHearts attendedGET on which date?A. April 1992B. September 1992c. April 1990 (her training expires in

two years8. Radiation Worker Training is held:

A. Once a monthB. Twice a monthc. Every WednesdayD. First Thursday of the monthE. A and D

9. Entry into SLAC during off hours may bedenied if training has expiredA. TrueB. False

10. Jack DeHearts should exchange hisbadge:A. July 1992B. March 1992c. July 1994D. The beginning of 1993

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ON SITE MEETING PLACESTHIS LIST IS MAINTAINED by the Public Affairs Office. Please let them know of any changes or comments bycalling ext. 2204 or sending e-mail to NINA. On SLACVM, type: HELP PHONE CONFROOM for a current version ofthis list. The location of the following meeting rooms are shown on the back of the SLAC site map. Most roomshave many standing reservations throughout the week. Please allow time to verify availability.

CONFERENCE ROOMS

ATSP Conf RoomAuditoriumB-Hive/EB Conf RoomBeige RoomBlue Room/BSDBlue Room/BSDEFD Conf RoomES&H Bldg Conf RoomGold RoomGreen RoomGroup A Conf RoomGroup C Conf RoomKlyst Conf RoomMCC Conf RoomMFD Conf RoomMS Conf RoomMCC Conf RoomOrange Room 140Orange Room 150PEP Conf RoomSCS Conf Room ASCS Conf Room BSSRL 2nd Flr Conf RmSSRL 3rd Flr Conf RmUsers Office Conf RmYellow Room

PICNIC AREASA&E CourtyardBreezewayCafeteriaCafeteria Picnic AreaSector 6 Picnic Area

LOCATION CAPACITYA&E Bldg, Room 106 10Near Main Entrance 297Central Lab, Room R206 12A&E Bldg, Room 144 15A&E Bldg, Room 207 20

A&E Bldg, Room 130 10Bldg 24, Room 126 20A&E Bldg, Room 118 14Central Lab, Room R319 30Central Lab Annex, Room B188 20Central Lab Annex, Room B259 15Test Lab, Room 131 15Bldg 5, Room 110 20Bldg 25, Room 209 22Bldg 212, Room 6 15MCC Bldg 005C, Room C110 12Central Lab, Room 140 35Central Lab, Room 150 45PEP Bldg 685, Room 824 25Computing Bldg, Room 359A 20Computing Bldg, Room 359B 30SSRL Bldg 137, Room 226 20SSRL Bldg 137, Room 326 40Users Office, Room 1 15A&E Bldg, Room 223 25

Center of A&E BldgBetween Aud and Cafeteria(On-Site Catering Service)Behind CafeteriaSouth Side of Accelerator

CONTACT

Marge BangaliPauline WethingtonChristina LeeHilda KornerLucy JanasikNadine WrightWanda ElliottDennice RenderosStarlyne ThompsonElea DrakeJune HuGroup C SectyPriscilla LukonFrank BermudezLewis SignRobbin NixonCathy TriggKaren HernandezKaren HernandezCaryl OverallMary CrumeMary CrumeMichelle StegerMichelle StegerJudee RichesonMarjorie Smart

Pauline WethingtonPauline WethingtonCafe ManagerPauline WethingtonFrances Juvera

1992 INSTITUTIONAL PLAN AVAILABLE

MEMBERS OF the Publications Department took afew moments recently to look at the newly releasedSLAC 1992 Institutional Plan. Reading from left toright are Jim Wahl, Sally McFadden, Kevin John-ston, and Vani Bustamante.

Copies are available from Sharon Bolton in theBudget Office. Please send a note to her at M/S 3with your name and mailstop, or send e-mail toSECBU@SLACVM.

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PHONE

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