ehanol as aternate fuel
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ppt on ethanol as alternte fuelTRANSCRIPT
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ETHANOL AS AlTERNATE FUEL
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Introduction
Ethanol (ethyl or grain alcohol) is arenewable fuel used to power vehicles
and other internal combustion engines, mainly as a biofuel additive forgasoline. Ethanol is currently made
from feedstock cops such as corn,barley and sugarcane .
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Physical properties:Colorless liquid.Miscible with water and most organic solvents.Melting Point (°C): -114.1oiling Point (°C): !".#$%eci&ic 'ravit: .!"*+a%or ,ensit: 1.densit o& .!"* gm/ at 0°C.
hen released into water it will volatili2e and %robabl biodegrade.
3t would not be e%ected to adsorb into sediment or bio-accumulate in &ish.
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Ethanol production
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Production process
Milling
Liquefaction
SaccharicationFermentation
Distillation
Dehydration
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Chemistry
'lucose (a sim%le sugar) is created in the %lant
%hotosnthesis.
C50 6 705 6 light 8 C-7105- 6 50
,uring ethanol &ermentation9 glucose is decom%osedinto ethanol and carbon dioide.
C-7105- 8 0 C07:576 0 C50 6 heat
,uring combustion ethanol reacts with ogen to %roduce carbon dioide9 water9 and heat:
C07:57 6 # 50 8 0 C50 6 # 705 6 heat
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FLAMMABILIT ;thanol burns in air with a clear blue &lame that is ver &aint in
bright dalight conditions.
'asoline -4 < (1.4 = !.4 >)9
;thanol < (#.# - 04. >);thanol9 in general9 has a higher &lash %oint than gasoline9 thus
%osing less ris?9 but
@t low tem%eratures (A #0 degrees)9 ;" va%or is more
&lammable than gasoline va%or ;" va%or is less &lammable than gasoline at higher tem%s.
Bhe lower va%or %ressure and lower heat o& combustion o& ;"reduce ris? o& &ire com%ared to gasoline.
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!thanol"#ased engines
Ethanol is most commonly used to power automobiles thou!h it
may be used to power other "ehicles such as #arm tractors
boats and airplanes$
Ethanol %E&''( consumption in an en!ine is appro)imately*&+ hi!her than #or !asoline since the ener!y per unit "olume
o# ethanol is ,-+ lower than #or !asoline$
The hi!her compression ratios in an ethanol.only en!ine allow
#or increased power output and better #uel economy than couldbe obtained with lower compression ratios$
/n !eneral ethanol.only en!ines are tuned to !i"e sli!htly
better power and tor0ue output than !asoline.powered en!ines$
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Demerits with ethanol
fuel-En!ine cold start durin! the winter
Hydrous ethanol corrosion
Fuel economy