egypt's old kingdom chapter 2 section 2. old kingdom 2600-2300 b.c. pharaohs appointed many...
TRANSCRIPT
Old Kingdom 2600-2300 B.C.
Pharaohs appointed many officials – Oversaw building projects, controlled trade and
collected taxes Egyptians believed the unity of Egypt
depended on a strong leader Pharaohs were considered to be the son of
Re: sun god– believed pharaoh was a god on earth who
controlled Egypt's welfare
Egypt's Religion
-Egyptians were polytheistic-Believed that the deities, or gods and
goddesses controlled the forces of nature and human activities
Isis: representedthe loyal wife
and mother, ruledover death with
her husbandHapi: god of the
Nile
www.ancientegypt.co.uk
Osiris
God of the Underworld Cut into pieces by his
brother Seth Put back together by his
wife Isis Rules the afterlife
Life After Death
-Egyptians believed life in the next world would be better
-Place of peace and plenty
-Book of the Dead: collection of spells and prayers that was studied to obtain life after death
-Osiris would detemine whether they would be granted life after death
Learned about human body.
Used herbs and drugs to treat
illnesses.
Mummification Process
Process took 70 days Remove brain through nose Remove organs (not heart) Sterilize body and organs Dehydrate organs, place them in canopic jars Cover body with natron, leave for 40 days Pack body with linen that has been soaked in
resin, myrrh and cinnamon Pack eye sockets with beeswax
At first, only pharaohs and the upper class could be afforded
a burial
Egyptians created the embalmingprocess: preserving the body for
eternity
Mummification Process con’t
Wrap mummy in 1,000 yards of linen, place amulets between layers
Body is placed in coffin, then in sarcophagus All is completed by using the Book of the Dead
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/mummies/story/main.html
http://www.virtual-egypt.com/framed/framed.cgi?url==http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/greatpyramid/mummymaker/media/mummy_maker.swf
Ka and Ba
Ka: Soul of a person
Ba: Always depicted as a half human half bird. Must be able to recognize the deceased.
How Was a Pyramid Built?
-built by tens of thousands of workers-farmers, surveyors, engineers, carpenters and
stone cutters-because of pyramid building advancements
were made in astronomy and math-study of the stars allowed Egyptians to determine
true north and develop a 365 day calendar with 12 months
-system of number based on 10-created fractions
How did they get the stones up? Stones were loaded onto a
sled/sledge. They were then placed on log rollers and pulled up the ramp.
The logs were kept wet with water or milk.
No mortar was needed between the stones.
See Building the Pyramids Puzzle worksheet for the steps of building.
Must have a solid base
Step Pyramid of Saqqara
First pyramid built by Pharaoh Djoser
204 feet tall Designed by Imhotep Tomb in the ground,
mastaba on top of mastaba
http://www.egyptvoyager.com/pyramids_early_pyramids_saqqara_djoser_virtual.htm#
Bent Pyramid of Dashur
Built by Snefru Unique because the angle
abruptly changes midway through construction Begins at 55 degrees then
goes to 43 degrees Total height 344 feet
http://www.guardians.net/egypt/cyberjourney/dahshur/bentpyramid/bent_pyramid_interior.htm
Sphinx
Guardian of the plateau Built by Khafre
Head of Khafre and body of lion
http://www.guardians.net/egypt/sphinx/
Pyramids of Giza
Three pyramids Smaller wives pyramids were also found Largest belonging to Khufu Second and third= Khafre and Menkaure
482 feet tall Contained 2.3 million stones, some weighing
as much as 2 ½ tons http://www.egyptvoyager.com/pyramids_giza
_virtual.htm#
Pyramids of Giza Video Check up The average weight of each block used to
construct the Great Pyramid at Giza was _____. (Choose only one answer)
1 ton 2.5 tons 200 pounds 1,000 pounds
Funeral boat of Khufu
This boat was found disassembled in a pit outside of the Great Pyramid. It was believed to carry the body of Khufu to his final resting place.