egypt’s land 3 main land areas: nile river valley, sinai peninsula, and the desert lifeline of...
TRANSCRIPT
Egypt’s Land
3 main land areas: Nile River Valley, Sinai Peninsula, and the desert
Lifeline of Egypt is the Nile River Silt left behind after flooding that
made land good for farming Sinai Peninsula is a crossroad
between Africa and Southwest Asia Suez Canal, opened to help trade,
links Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea
Egypt’s Land
Desert are the Eastern and Libyan Deserts which are part of the Sahara
Oasis- fertile or green area in a desert
Dry desert climate is found here Very little rainfall, instead spring
brings hot winds, not cooling rain
Egypt’s Economy
Economy based on farming Raw cotton, cotton yarn, and clothing
are main exports Aswan High Dam controls flooding of
the Nile for farming and provides electricity
Disadvantages of the dam: block silt so they use fertilizers that pollute the water and freshwater doesn’t reach the delta, but saltwater from Med. Sea does, making the land less fertile
Egypt’s Economy
Industry produces food products, textiles, and consumer goods
Tourism an important industry Main energy source is oil Country has phosphate- mineral salt
used in fertilizers
Egypt’s History
Came under British control during building of the Suez Canal
Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew monarchy and created a republic
Population 72.1 million Cairo- capital and largest city in
terms of population in Africa Fellahin- Egyptian peasant farmer
Egypt’s History
Bazaar- marketplace Many city dwellers work in service
industry- provide services to people rather than produce goods
Religion- Islam First Muslim nation to sign peace
treaty with Israel
Libya
90% of land is covered by the Sahara Desert
Lacks freshwater so government built pipelines to carry water from aquifers underneath the desert. An aquifer is an underground rock layer that store water.
Discovery of oil in 1959 brought country great wealth.
Libya
5.5 million people are mixed Arab and Berber. Berber first known people to live in North Africa.
Most people live in coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea.
Libya is a Muslim nation. Tripoli is the capital In 1969, Muammar al-Kaddafi led a military
coup that ended Libya’s monarchy and set up the Libyan Arab Republic.(Kaddafi was overthrown and assassinated in 2011)
Libya
In 1977, Libya changed its name to the Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.(Jamahiriya means “state of the masses”) This is a form of a democratic government because the people that serve in the Jamahiriya are elected by the people.
Tunisia
Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco make up region known as the Maghreb (land farthest west)
Tunisia is Africa’s smallest country Farming takes place in coastal areas Factories produce food products,
textiles, and oil products Tourism is a growing industry
Tunisia
Carthage was a powerful trading empire that fought against the Roman empire for control of the Mediterranean.
Tunisia was a colony of France Tunisia is a Muslim nation 9.9 million people are of mixed Arab
and Berber ancestry Tunis is the capital
Algeria
The largest country in North Africa Atlas Mountains run through
northern Algeria Ergs- huge, shifting sand dunes Imports one-third of its food Oil is an important resource Algeria has trouble with widespread
poverty
Algeria
31.7 million people of mixed Arab and Berber ancestry
Algeria was a French colony Fought a fierce civil war to gain
independence in 1954 Algeria is a republic Algeria is a Muslim nation
Algeria
Muslims have fought civil wars to oppose secular (nonreligious) policies
Algiers is the capital People enjoy casbahs, older sections
of the city of Algiers
Morocco
Borders both the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean
Strait of Gibraltar separates Africa and Europe by only 8 miles
Farming takes place on coastal plains
Morocco is a leading producer of phosphate
Tourism is a growing industry
Morocco
Morocco was a colony of both Spain and France
Berbers were the first to settle in Morocco
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy Morocco has claimed an area called the
Western Sahara Have fought a war for control over this
area with a rebel group that wants to create an independent country