EffShip

WP3 ‐ Exhaust Gas CleaningWP3 ‐ Exhaust Gas Cleaning

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, M

Love HagströmD E C Marine AB

Final Sem

inar, GD.E.C. Marine AB

F

EffShip

WP3 LayoutWP3 Layout

• NOxNOx – Primary reduction methods– After treatment ‐ SCR

3

After treatment  SCR

• SOxWet Scrubber

March 21, 2013– Wet Scrubber

– Dry Scrubber

PM

Gothe

nburg, M• PM

– Particulate filter ‐ DPF

Final Sem

inar, G

F

EffShip

Primary NOx reduction methodsPrimary NOx reduction methods

Engine methods

Fuel injection/ valve timing

3

Wet methods

Direct water

g

Fuel nozzle design

March 21, 2013Direct water 

injection, DWI

Inlet air humidification, HAM

W t / f l

Gothe

nburg, MWater/ fuel 

emulsification

EGR – Exhaust gas recirculation

Final Sem

inar, G

F

EffShip

Wet methodsWet methods 

HAM (H id Ai M t )DWI (Di t W t I j ti ) HAM (Humid Air Motor) up to 70% NOx reduction

DWI (Direct Water Injection) up to 50% NOx reduction

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, M

Heat absorption

Final Sem

inar, GHeat absorption 

by added water

Lower peak temperatures

F

EffShip

EGR Exhaust Gas RecirculationEGR – Exhaust Gas Recirculation

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, M

Less oxygen in inlet air

Slower combustion

d

Final Sem

inar, GUp to 70% NOx reduction

[MAN]

F

EffShip

SCR Selective Catalytic ReductionSCR – Selective Catalytic Reduction

3Urea consumption <5% of fuel cons. (TierIII)

March 21, 2013

NOx + Urea  → Nitrogen + Water

Power consumption <0.1% of engine power

Injection air for urea atomization

Gothe

nburg, M

Dust blow for preventing ash deposit

Final Sem

inar, G

F

EffShip

SCR Selective Catalytic ReductionSCR – Selective Catalytic Reduction

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, M

Vanadium (V2O5/TiO2) catalyst  blocks

Withstands SOx in exhaust gas

Final Sem

inar, G

Large contact surface & open area

Operation temperature 270‐500 °C

F

EffShip

Pre turbo SCRPre turbo SCR

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, M

Pre turbo SCR

Final Sem

inar, G

Higher exhaust pressure 

Higher exhaust temperature 

Suitable for 2‐stroke engines

F

EffShip

OXI Oxidation CatalystOXI – Oxidation Catalyst

COSCR + OXI

NOx 99%

3

100%

VOC

VOC 90%

PM 50%

CO 90%

March 21, 2013

NOx

VOC

Gothe

nburg, M

0%SCR OXI

Final Sem

inar, G

F

EffShip

NOx reduction summaryNOx reduction summary

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, M

Engine modifications

Water methods

EGR SCR

Final Sem

inar, G

Compliance Tier II Tier II Tier II‐III Tier III

Fuel penalty YES YES YES NO

PM/ Soot  INCREASE INCREASE INCREASE DECREASE

F

EffShip

Open loop Sea water ScrubberOpen loop – Sea water Scrubber

3

Open loop

Sea water once through

March 21, 2013

SOx +  Seawater → Sulphates

Sulphates out to sea

Oil/ Soot to sludge

Gothe

nburg, MOil/ Soot to sludge

Dilution to pH>6

Final Sem

inar, G

copyright Lloyds register group Limited Fpy g y g g p

EffShip

Closed loop Fresh water ScrubberClosed loop – Fresh water Scrubber

3

Closed loop

Sox + Fresh water + NaOH →Sulphates

March 21, 2013Sulphates

Recirculation of scrubbing water

Sulphates out with bleed‐off

Oil/ Soot to sludge

Gothe

nburg, MOil/ Soot to sludge

Final Sem

inar, G

copyright Lloyds register group Limited Fpy g y g g p

EffShip

Scrubber tower designScrubber tower design

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, M

Scrubber tower

Maximize liquid/gas contact

Final Sem

inar, G

Images copyright NC State University

Maximize reaction time

Lowering temperature

Corrosion resistant materialCo‐current flow packed wet‐film tower

Fg py g y

EffShip

Scrubber tower designScrubber tower design

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, M

Final Sem

inar, G

Wet film tower/ venturi AVC – Advance Vortex Chamber GTM ”in‐line‐scrubber”[Wärtsilä] [Clean marine] [Green tech marine]

F

EffShip

Other wet scrubber typesOther wet scrubber types

Hybrid wet scrubbers

Can use either open or closed loop cycle

Requires both sea water and fresh water system

3

ULF Scrubber (CSNOx)

Ultra low frequency waves makes wash water reactive

d ( ) d ( )

March 21, 2013Reduces SOx (SAE), CO2  and NOx (CNR) 

Pilot installation of open loop system 2009

Interest for ULF has diminished due to lack of reports 

Gothe

nburg, M

Final Sem

inar, G

F[Ecospec]

EffShip

Dry scrubberDry scrubber

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, M

Dry adsorbtion unit

Operation temperature 240‐440 °C

SOx adsorbs onto CaOH granules 

Final Sem

inar, G

[Couple Systems]

(Limestone), transforms to gypsym

Onshore disposal of reacted granules (20% more weight after reaction)

No discharge into sea F[ p y ] No discharge into sea

EffShip

SOx scrubber comparisonSOx scrubber comparison

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, MWet Scrubber

Dry Scrubber

Position After SCR/ Boiler

Before Boiler

Final Sem

inar, G

F

EffShip

SOx scrubber comparisonSOx scrubber comparison

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, M

Final Sem

inar, G

F

EffShip

SOx scrubber comparisonSOx scrubber comparison

3March 21, 2013

Gothe

nburg, M

Final Sem

inar, G

F

EffShip

DPF Diesel Particulate FilterDPF – Diesel Particulate Filter

3March 21, 2013

Wall‐flow Honeycomb

Gothe

nburg, M

Regeneration temperature

DPF 550 600 °C

Ultra low sulphur fuels only!

Final Sem

inar, GDPF 550‐600  C

CDPF 400‐450 °C

CDPF + OXI 320‐350 °C

F

EffShip

WP3 SummaryWP3 ‐ Summary

Primary NOx reduction

Up to 70% NOx reduction with EGR/ water

3

SOx Scrubbers

d

SCR

d

p /

Fuel penalty & increased PM

March 21, 2013Up to 99% SOx reduction

Only few pilot installations

Heavy and voluminous

Over 95% NOx reduction

Proven maritime technology

No fuel penalty but requires urea

Gothe

nburg, M

CDPF

Over 90% PM reduction

Only ULSF fuels

OXI

Boosting SCR and CDPF

VOC, CO & PM reduction

Final Sem

inar, G

F