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Efficiency on a large scaleCFB Steam Boilers
The Circulating Fluidized Bed Steam Boiler is an offering from Bosch Thermotechnology – a member of the worldwide Bosch Group. Globally renowned as a leading manufacturer of standard and customised boiler systems with a diversified product range, Bosch Thermotechnology has provided
Circulating Fluidized Bed Steam Boiler
Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion
CFBC technology has evolved from conventional AFBC combustion as a means to overcome some of the drawbacks associated with conventional AFBC combustion.
CFBC technology utilises the fluidized bed principle in which crushed fuel is injected into the furnace or combustor and the fine combusted particles are elutriated out of the furnace with flue gas. The balance particles are then collected by solid separators and circulated back into the furnace.
There are no steam generation tubes immersed in the bed avoiding any erosion of bed tubes and their replacement due to wear and tear resulting in boiler stoppages.
The particle circulation provides efficient heat transfer to the furnace walls and longer residence time for complete combustion of fuel. The time available for combustion is infinite for unburnt particles as they are recirculated in the furnace, making the quantity of unburnt losses as minimal as possible.
The tall furnace design of CFBC boilers offers better space sorbent residence time for efficient combustion and SO2 capture and easier application of staged combustion techniques for NOx control than AFBC generators.
CFBC boilers are generally acclaimed for being more economical than AFBC boilers for industrial applications.
innovative, energy-efficient, eco-friendly and high-quality solutions and services for residential, commercial and industrial applications for over 140 years. In addition to industrial applications, Bosch Boiler Systems are also used for Space Heating in various industrial applications.
Furnace
This is an arrangement in fin and tube construction, which provides the advantage of a gastight chamber. This allows any influx of air to be avoided which, in turn, results in efficiency. Height and footprint are two critical parameters that determine a furnace. Footprint of the furnace is governed by the type of fuel and selection of combustor, while height of the furnace depends on the freeboard required for complete combustion. The membrane wall of the furnace, which usually applies to boilers >25t/h and >2,5 MPa, also ensures that heat is extracted from the flue gases and their temperature is reduced enough to enter the convection zone and that no fouling takes place.
Special-Bent Tube Bypass Kitout Structure
Converging membrane water wall section is provided at the interface of bottom conical furnace / combustor and freeboard area of furnace.
Water-Cooled Air Distributor
The air distribution system is made-up of a membrane-type water wall construction. This construction ensures optimum temperature of the distribution plate. The Air nozzles are arranged such as to have uniform air distribution across the fluid bed. This uniform air distribution helps for proper fuel combustion and to avoid clinker formation.
Built-In Bell Jar Air Cap
The Air Cap is a precision casting with heat- and wear-resistant cast steel. Long service life, uniform air distribution, excellent regulation performance and stable operation are some of the salient features enabled by this element.
Separate design for air cap and connecting tubes is convenient for replacement of the Bell Jar.
Volute-Type High-Temperature Cyclone Separator (Hot Cyclone)
Volute-type structure effectively captures small particles in the flue gas and reaches a separation efficiency of more than 99.5% with good fuel adaptability and high combustion efficiency
Volute-type cyclone separator - Flue gas enters the separator tangentially, with optimum entrance velocity and optimum entrance angle to enhance separation efficiency
The tangential flue gas entry into the cyclone adjusts with the flue gas velocity, thus enhancing efficiency and reducing wear
Highly efficient separation system to improve the utilisation of limestone, which ensures clean and environmentally safe combustion
The cyclone is made of steel plate and is safe, reliable and convenient for maintenance
High wear-resistant bricks and a new type of high temperature- and wear-resistant cement is used as inner lining of the cyclone
Fly Ash Reinjection System
It is a non-mechanical, self-balancing U-type fly ash reinjection system
It optimizes air supply to control the temperature of reinjection material to avoid any clinker formation in reinjection through the feeding chute
The loop seal is divided into two sections. The first section is the dip-leg and the second section is the riser-leg. Proper air distribution in these individual sections helps in maintaining the required transfer rate of reinjection material into the furnace
Various temperature- and pressure-measuring points are provided in the boiler system to monitor and control important parameters during boiler operation
It has metal bellow expansion joints on the ash reinjection chute to maintain good sealing performance and keep the site clean and tidy
Economiser
This is a heat recovery device for efficiency improvement and is placed after the boiler bank
This equipment uses the heat of the flue gases coming out from the boiler to preheat the water going into the steam drum
This reduces the flue gas temperature which improves boiler thermal efficiency
Air Preheater
The air preheater is a last heat recovery system
It is a crossflow gas heat exchanger which preheats the combustion air that enters the fluid bed combustor and furnace through the secondary air nozzle
Pollution Control Equipment
Super Heater (for superheated steam boiler only) The superheater is constructed in two halves
which are connected to each other by an attemperator in between
The attemperator ensures that the temperature of the boiler outlet steam is controlled within specified limits by spraying of boiler feed water
The attemperator can be of two types: spray type or surface type
Boiling Tubes (for saturated steam boiler only) The boiling tubes form the convection zone
located in the tail shaft of a boiler They are arranged in line - longitudinal with
the flue gas flow
Multicyclone Dust Collector Bag Filter Electrostatic Precipitator
Fuel Handling System
Comprises:
Grizzly hopper
Belt conveyor
Crusher
Vibrating screen
Product conveyor / Bucket elevator
Ash Handling System
Ash Handling System supplied is complete with Bed Ash Handling and Fly Ash Handling
Bed Ash Handling System Comprises:
• Rotaryashcoolertocoolthehotash coming out of the bed
• ConveyorandBucketelevatorto take ash to silo
• Storagesilotoholdtheash
Fly Ash Handling System Comprises:
• Isolatingvalve
• Ashpot
• Pneumaticconveyingpipes
• Timer-basedcontrolandstoragesilo
Boiler Ignition System
Comprises:
LFO (Light Fuel Oil)/HSD storage tank
Pressure automisation pump
Pressure jet burner
Sequence controller
Deaerator Module
The Deaerator Module supplies steam boilers with degassed and chemically conditioned feed water and disposes of the desalting and waste water. It ensures:
Discharge and storage of condensate and make-up water
Thermal full deaeration of the feed water
Chemical conditioning of the feed water
Control for chemical dosing
Dry running protection feed pump module
Overflow protection
Typical Control Schemes
Advanced Controls
Fully Automatic Boiler Control Technology with:
Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Technology
Centralised Control System
Boiler is provided with Control Loops such as:
Three element Boiler Water Level Control System
Combustion Control System
Automatic Feed Water Control System
Furnace Draft Control System
Automatic Monitoring and Control of:
Steam Pressure
Steam Temperature
Feed Water Flow
Flue Gas Oxygen
Breakdowns and Historical Records:
Automatic recording of the time and causes of breakdowns
Accumulative recording of ignition times and fan operating time, water pumps and burners
Automatic display of the parameter curves such as pressure and temperature
Automatic recording of hot water / steam consumption to provide database for energy management
Product Range Offerings
Other capacities and pressures can be supplied on demand.
t/h
MPa
1.25 1.6 2.5 3.82 5.3
ºC
250 350 400 450 450 485
6 ✓ ✓ ✓
10 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
15 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
20 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
25 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
35 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
40 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
45 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
55 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
65 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
75 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
130 ✓ ✓ ✓
220 ✓