Effects Of Nationalism1. Empires were broken up

A. Ottoman Empire

B. Austro Hungarian Empire

2. Nations Were Unified

A. Italian Unification

B. German Unification

Italian Unification

0Italy in the 1800s

0Divided into many parts

0Some independent kingdoms

0Some Parts were occupied by Austria-Hungary

0Some parts under French Control

0Some Parts were under the control of the Pope

including Rome

Italian Unification – Leaders’ Role

0Giuseppe Mazzini – Intellectual

0Provided ideas for Italian Unification

0Wrote and spoke about the virtues of

unification

0Formed an organization, Young Italy

0He was exiled by the Austrians

Italian Unification – Leaders’ Role

0Count Camillo De Cavour

0Prime Minister of the State of Sardinia

0Formed Alliances with French and Prussia

0Fought the Austrians to liberate Northern Italy and unify it

0Giuseppe Garibaldi

0Military leader who gained control of Southern Italy

0His forces and Cavour’s forces created Unified Italy

German Unification

0In the early 1800s Germany was divided into many states

0Austria and Prussia were two strong German States

01815 Germans called for unification

0Austria’s Foreign Minister Metternich in the Congress of Vienna blocked that

Rise of Prussia & German Unification01830 Prussia set up a trade union among German

states, called Zollverein

0 It ended trade barrier

0King Wilhelm I of Prussia appointed Otto Von Bismarck

as Prussia’s Chancellor in 1862.

0Bismarck followed a policy of Realpolitik

0He believed in “Iron & Blood” policy.

0Bismarck followed a policy of war to increase Prussia’s status among Germans

0Danish War – 1864: With Austrian Alliance he gained land from Denmark

0Austro-Prussian War – 1866: In seven weeks Prussia overwhelmed Austria and gained land from northern Germany creating a Confederation

0Franco-Prussian War – 1870: Prussia with other German allies defeated France and united into one German state in 1871

Homework

0 Questions 1, 2, 5 and 7 on page 603.

Turkish Nationalism

Young Turks’ Movement started during the late

1800s

European powers called Ottoman Empire as “Sick Man of Europe”

Ottoman Defeat in World War I caused western

powers to occupy many areas in turkey.

Mustafa Kemal led the nationalist movement.

Turkish Nationalism

❖He overthrow the Sultan, defeated the

occupation forces and declared Turkey

a republic.

❖He assumed the title Ataturk and

instituted reform.

Kemalist Reforms❖Islamic Law was replaced with European style

law code.

❖Islamic Calendar was replaced with Gregorian

calendar.

❖People were required to wear western dress.

❖Muslim Women were not to wear head cover.

❖Turkish language was to be written with Latin

alphabet instead of Arabic.

Iranian Nationalism▪ In 1925 Reza Khan overthrew the Shah of Iran.

▪He later assumed the title of Shah and established a

dynasty called the Pahlavi Dynasty – Reza Shah

Pahlavi

▪He tried to modernize and industrialize Iran.

▪He was not very successful in social reform.

▪He did establish western educational system.

Arab Nationalism▪Pan Arabism grew during the 1920s.

▪This was started during world war I.

▪The allied power occupied Arab Countries as mandates of the League of Nations after World War – I.

▪Europeans Created the borders of the Middle Eastern State.

▪Lord Balfour later declared the division of palestine into an Arab State and a Jewish State.

Other Nationalist Movements0Zionism:

0 Jewish Nationalist movement of 1890s led by Theodre Herzl to create a national homeland for the Jewish People.

0 They became successful with the establishment of Israel.

0 Indian Nationalism0 Indian National Congress in 1885 to demand equal rights for

Natives

0 All India Muslim League in 1905 to Protect Muslim rights in India

Homework

Questions: 1, 2, 5 and 7 on page 785