Effective Persuasion:Developing Persuasive Documents

Purdue OWL staffBrought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab

Overview

This presentation will cover:

The persuasive context.

The role of the audience.

What to research and cite.

How to establish your credibility.

What is Persuasive Writing?

Persuasive writing seeks to convince its readers

to embrace the point-of-view presented by

appealing to the audience’s reason and

understanding through argument and/or entreaty.

Persuasive Genres

You encounter persuasion

every day:

TV Commercials

Letters to the Editor

Junk mail

Magazine ads

College brochures

Can you think of other persuasive

contexts?

Steps for Effective Persuasion

Understand your audience.

Support your opinion.

Know the various sides of your issue.

Respectfully address other points of view.

Find common ground with your audience.

Establish your credibility.

When to Persuade an Audience

1. Your organization needs funding for a project.

2. Your boss wants you to make

recommendations for a course of action.

3. You need to shift someone’s current point of

view to build common ground so action can be

taken.

Understanding Your Audience

Who is your audience?

What beliefs do they hold about the topic?

What disagreements might arise between you and

your audience?

How can you refute counterarguments with

respect?

Understanding Your Audience

What concerns does your audience face?

For example:

Do they have limited funds to distribute?

Do they feel the topic directly affects them?

How much time do they have to consider your

document?

Understanding Your Audience

Help your audience relate to your topic.

Appeal to their hearts as well as their minds.

Use anecdotes when appropriate

Paint your topic in with plenty of detail

Involve the reader’s senses in these sections

Researching an Issue

Become familiar with all sides of an issue.

You can try to:

Find common ground.

Understand the history of the topic.

Predict counterarguments your audience might

make.

Find strong support for your own perspective.

Researching an Issue

Find common ground with your audience.

For example:

Point of Opposition: You might support a

war, whereas your audience might not.

Common ground: Both sides want to see

their troops come home.

Researching an Issue

Predict counterarguments.

For example:

Your Argument: Organic produce from local

Farmers’ Markets is better than store-bought

produce.

The Opposition: Organic produce is too

expensive.

Support Your Perspective

Appeal to the audience’s

reason:

Use statistics and reputable

studies.

Cite experts on the topic:

Do they back up what you

say?

Do they refute the other side?

Cite Sources with Some Clout

Which source would a reader find more

credible?

The New York Times

http://www.myopinion.com

Which person would a reader be more likely

to believe?

Joe Smith from Fort Wayne, IN.

Dr. Susan Worth, Prof. of Criminology at Purdue

University.

Cite credible sources

Cite sources correctly and thoroughly.

Use professional language (and design).

Edit out all errors.

Establish Credibility

Cite Sources Ethically

Don’t misrepresent a quote or leave out important

information.

Misquote: “Crime rates were down by 2002,”

according to Dr. Smith.

Actual quote: “Crime rates were down by

2002, but steadily began climbing again a year

later,” said Dr. Smith.

Tactics to Avoid

Don’t lecture or talk down to

your audience.

Don’t make threats or “bully”

your reader.

Don’t employ guilt trips.

Be careful if using the second

person, “you.”

Where to Go for More Help

Purdue University Writing Lab, Heavilon 226

Check our web site: http://owl.english.purdue.edu

Email brief questions to OWL Mail: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/contact/owlmailtutors

The End

EFFECTIVE PERSUASIONDANA BISIGNANIBrought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab