effective leadership lec 2 'leadership equation

EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP

Learning Focus

What is leadership, and why is it important?

Where do leaders learn to lead, and what do people want

in a leader?

What are the satisfactions and frustrations of leadership?

What are the elements of caring leadership?

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LEADERSHIP EXCELLENCE

Leadership excellence requires the ability to:

○ Attract capable people

○ Motivate them to put forth their best effort

○ Solve problems that arise

These are difficult tasks,

which helps explain why

effective leadership

is so rare

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EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP

Leadership:

The ability to inspire confidence and

support among the people who are needed

to achieve organizational goals

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LEADERSHIP INTERACTIONAL FRAMEWORK

FOLLOWER

Task, Stress

& Environment

LEADER

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Values, Norms, Cohesiveness etc

SITUATION

Personality, Position, Expertise

Leadership Interactional Framework Depicts leadership as a function of three

elements::The leaderThe followersThe situation

A particular leadership situation scenario can be is best understood by examining or analyzing the interactions in the area of overlaps.

Leadership is the result of complex interactions among the leader, the followers, and the situation.

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The Leader

Aspects of the leadership equation:

Unique personal history Interests

Character traits

Motivation

Effective leaders differ from their followers, and from ineffective leaders on elements such as:

Personality traits, cognitive abilities

Skills, values

Personality can affect leadership through temperament.

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The Leader

Leaders appointed by superiors may have less

credibility and may get less loyalty.

Dilbert’s Leadership Principle

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The Leader

Leaders elected or emerging by Leaders elected or emerging by consensusconsensus

from ranks of followers are from ranks of followers are seen as more seen as more

effective.effective.

A leader’s A leader’s experience or history experience or history in a particular in a particular

organization is usually important to her or his organization is usually important to her or his

effectiveness.effectiveness.

The The extent of follower participation extent of follower participation in leader’s in leader’s

selection may affect a leader’s selection may affect a leader’s legitimacy.legitimacy.SC Copyright 2012 9

LEADERSHIP

Leadership as Partnership

oLeadership is a long-term relationship, or

partnership, between leaders and group members.

oThe power between leader and group members is

approximately balanced.

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The Followers Aspects of followers which affect the

leadership process:

Expectations Personality traits Maturity levels Levels of competence Motivation

Workers who share a leader’s goals and Workers who share a leader’s goals and values will be more motivated to do their values will be more motivated to do their workwork.


The Followers The number of followers reporting to a leader can have significant

implications.

Other relevant variables

include:

Follower’s trust

Follower’s confidence

or lack thereof in

leader’s interest in

their well-being.

Low follower confidence !

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Changing Roles for FollowersChanging Roles for Followers The leader-follower relationship is in a period of

dynamic change.

Increased pressure to function with reduced resources.

Trend toward greater power sharing and decentralized authority in organizations.

Increase in complex problems and rapid changes.

Followers can become much more proactive in their stance toward organizational problems.

Followers can become better skilled at “influencing upward,” flexible and open to opportunities.


The Situation

Leadership often makes

sense only in the context

of how the leader and

followers interact in

a given situation.

The situation may be the most

ambiguous aspect of the leadership

framework.


““You’ve got to give loyalty You’ve got to give loyalty

down, if you want loyalty up.”down, if you want loyalty up.”

~ ~ Donald T. Regan,Donald T. Regan,Former CEO and White House, Chief of Former CEO and White House, Chief of

StaffStaff

Leader-Follower-Situation Leader-Follower-Situation InteractionsInteractions

Leaders create environments where follower’s innovations and creative contributions are welcomed.

Leaders encourage growth and development in their followers beyond the scope of the job.

Leaders are generally more interested in the big picture of followers’ work than managers.

Leaders motivate followers through more personal and intangible factors.

Leaders redefine the parameters of tasks and responsibilities.


Leadership as Partnership

To have a successful partnership:

Common purpose

Freedom to say ‘No’

Joint accountability

Honest relationships


Learning to Lead: What People WantWhere do leaders learn to lead?

#1 is from experience

○ Often sink or swim

#2 is from examples or models

○ They show both what to do and what to avoid

#3 is from books and school

○ Includes formal education, seminars, and professional reading

What people want most in a leader:

Integrity, also known as honesty

Job knowledge

People-building skills – welfare of soldiers


Leader Satisfactions and Frustrations

Satisfactions A feeling of power and prestige

A chance to help others

High income

Respect and status

Opportunities for advancement

A feeling of being in a position of knowledge

An opportunity to control money and other resources


Leader Satisfactions and Frustrations

Frustrations

Too much uncompensated work time

Too many problems

No enough authority to carry out responsibility

Loneliness

Too many problems involving people

Organizational politics

The pursuit of conflicting goals


Caring Leadership

Caring is an essential ingredient for success

Only when the leader cares will:

○ Others care – contagious!

○ There be focus and energy for the work

to be done

Two aspects of caring leadership:

Commitment to a task

Concern for people


Caring Leadership

Both commitment to a goal and concern for

others must be present for caring leadership to

occur

Without commitment, there is no passion

Without concern, there is no loyalty

Caring leadership cannot be legislated, and it

cannot be an act

When the leader cares, others become focused

and energized

At this point ,direction and momentum develop

and great achievements are madeSC Copyright 2012 21

Leadership in the Work Setting

Difference between leadership and management?

Management involves four functions:

○ Planning

○ Organizing

○ Directing

○ Controlling

Leadership describes what takes place during

the first three of these functions:○ Establishing a direction (planning)○ Aligning people and resources (organizing)○ Energizing people to accomplish results

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Leadership and Management


Leaders Managers

Innovate Administer

Develop Maintain

Inspire Control

Long-term view Short-term view

Ask what and why Ask how and when

Originate Initiate

Challenge the status quo Accept the status quo

Do the right things Do things right

Leadership in the Work Setting To be successful, these processes require:

Insight

Decisiveness

Courage

Strength

Resolve

Diplomacy

Management provides order and consistency

Leadership produces change and movement

○ Successful organizations have both


The FollowersThe Followers


effective leadership lec 2 'leadership equation

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