萃智系統性創新方法導論 - national tsing hua ...siem.ie.nthu.edu.tw/€¦ · triz helps...

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中華系統性創新學會 The Society of Systematic Innovation

© 中華系統性創新學會The Society of Systematic Innovation

Source & copyright © D. Sheu 許棟樑

萃智系統性創新方法導論

Instructor: 許棟樑 (D. Daniel Sheu)Dept. of Industrial Engineering & Engineering Management

National Tsing Hua UniversitySociety of Systematic Innovation

[email protected]: (03) 574-2652; Fax: (03) 574-5365

Web: http://www.sheuweb.ie.nthu.edu.tw (140.114.55.140)

© 2006~9 D. Daniel Sheu

22©中華系統性創新學會Society of Systematic Innovation

OutlineLogistics萃智(TRIZ) 概觀與工作原理 (TRIZ overview & its working Principles)TRIZ應用領域與成功例子 (TRIZ Application areas & success stories)TRIZ vs traditional problem solving model萃思手法概觀 & selected toolsIntegrating TRIZ into Systematic InnovationConclusions


Logistics Guidelines

Your cooperation requested:1: (睡覺章)

No disturbing sleep.

2: (鈴響章)No awakening ringsUse vibration mode.

3: (聒噪章)No annoying gossipsShare your findings.

Name CardsHonor Pack (榮譽包)/Honor Card system個人基本資料 update/Business cards (期望 & 特點)


Classes of problem solving methods

The methodical path moves step-by-step to the solutionTherefore covers the whole solution space.

有系

統性

方法

的路

徑

實驗

試誤

法


創新解題方法比較

Empirical: Brain Storming試誤法/腦力激盪法

腦力激盪式的搜索, 倚賴運氣,不易達到最佳解

Systematic Innovation: TRIZ 萃智系統性創新法

系統分析路境, 迅速、穩健收斂至最佳解

解答


系統性創新(Systematic Innovation)是甚麼?

系統性創新(Systematic Innovation)是一門「有系統地產生創新/創意的方法以辨識機會及解決問題的學問」。其理念來自於研究前人及自然界創新的方法與原理，歸納出一門學問，然後應用其原理及方法很有系統且創意地辨識機會及解決問題。 - 許棟樑 2008.1

目地: 以有系統的方法，讓一般人員都可以善用前人及大自然的智慧有系統性、創意地解決問題。

Eg:20萬份前人專利 => 40 發明原則; 衝突是進步障礙 & 創新機會鳥飛翔的現象 => 改善飛機飛行能力;螳螂的戰鬥動作 =>螳螂拳; 蓮花出污泥不染 => 奈米不污


系統性創新的應用範圍如何?Solving Engineering Problems (解決工程問題)

Product improvements (產品改善)New product development (新產品開發)Process improvements (製程改善)New process development (新製程開發)

Management & Service Applications:(管理與服務應用)

Identification of business opportunities & conflicts (辨識商業機會與衝突)Solving management problems (解決管理問題)


Bionics (aka biomimetics, biognosis, biomimicry, or bionical creativity engineering) is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology.

系統性創新的範圍如何?Scope of Systematic Innovation (SI)

SI

Human-originated SI

Nature-inspiredSI

Extracted Knowledge from patents TRIZTRIZ-extension

Extracted from human activities& knowledge development

Bionics (仿生學) / Biomimicry / Biomimetics

Non-bio-inspired Systematic Innovation ??

Non-TRIZ human-originated SI


甚麼是TRIZ(萃思)？TRIZ 是俄文 Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch 字首的縮寫，所代表的意思是「發明性問題解決理論」(Theory of Inventive Problem Solving)。中譯成萃思(台灣) 或萃智(大陸)

是由一位天賦聰穎的前蘇聯海軍專利審查員（Genrich Altshuller）

於1950年代所發明的創新理論

它是源自於對世界最具創意的數以萬計的專利研究歸納所得 \ (現在，

則為數百萬件計）

有別於傳統的腦力激盪，TRIZ強調發明或創新可依一定的程序與步驟進

行，而非僅是隨機或天馬行空的腦力激盪或試誤法(Try and Error)。

=> 系統性創新.

整個過程係一系統化的步驟，該系統化步驟與系統性創新係由萃取前人的智慧與創新-專利所得.


系統性創新與萃智 (TRIZ) 有何關係?萃智源自於前蘇聯發明家研究20萬份專利所理出來的系統性創新手法及理論。所以TRIZ是系統性創新的眾多方法中的一系列手法。

目前在文獻中所見到的系統性創新各種大小工具約有200種，如 DeBono、Lateral Thinking (水平思考法) 、6 Thinking Head(六頂思考帽)、Neuro-linguistic Programming、Kepner Tregoe、Pugh Analysis、MindMapping、 …等等，均屬系統性創新之工具卻不屬萃智。

萃智為系統性創新很重要的一部份，但萃智不包括系統性創新。系統性創新卻包括萃智。

系統性創新是目地，萃智是達成此目地的眾

多工具中，重要的一組系列工具。

TRIZ

SystematicInnovation



Hierarchical View of TRIZ 一種基本理念-哲學

一種系統性的思考方法

一組工具,工具箱與相關的應用軟體

Source: DM


5 Pillars of TRIZ (萃智五大支柱)Ideality: provides a measure of goodness.Resource:

Use no resources (又要馬兒跑,又要馬而不吃草)Utilize existing resources. (日本地鐵站:壓電; box art)Turn harm into benefit (垃圾桶/公園藝術;電廠廢氣利用)

Functionality (goal-oriented; don’t get lost)Contradiction (core problem) 一切進步的障礙在於衝突Space-time-interface

Ability to see things from various viewpoints.Problem hard in one view may be easy in another.

Image example; Fourier Transform.太平洋沒加蓋游過去非常難; 換政權兩岸直航卻容易.

TRIZ Provides systematic way of achieving the above.



Ideality & IFR理想性= Benefit / (Cost + Harm)

=

= 有害的功能

有用的功能

害處成本

（感知的）利益

+

IFR (Ideal Final Result)Achieving desired function with no harm and no resource costs. (i.e.: Ideality = ∞)


What is this?Fig. 1:


What is this?

Fig. 2


Psychological InertiaWe don't see things as they are, we see things as we are.


『面臨重要問題時，我們若停留在發生問題時的思想高度，是無法解決問題的。』

SI problem analysis & opportunity ID tools systematically help us see things from various positions allowing us locate opportunities others’ can’t see.

Albert Einstein’s Motto

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中華系統性創新學會 The Society of Systematic Innovation

© 中華系統性創新學會The Society of Systematic Innovation


How TRIZ works


TRIZ Model of Problem Solving(萃智解題模式)

SpecificProblem

TRIZ GenericProblem

TRIZGenericSolution

SpecificSolution

ExistingSolutions Idea Triggers

(觸發解)

Actual Solution

(特定解)


TRIZ的工作原理: 運算元例子

問題:

X2+ 5X = 6

答案:

X = ? (-3, 2)

回想古早還不知二次方程式解時:

Factoring or Trial & Error method.How about:

3X2+ 5X = -2.5 X = ??=> 3X2+ 5X – 2.5 = 0 Many try & errors to find the solution.


TRIZ的基本原理

02 =++ cbxax

062 =−+ xx 2,3−=x

aacbbx 2/)4( 2 −±−=問題模式化模式化問題的通解

特定的解答特定問題

運算元的範例


Multiple Projections Producing Multiple Solutions

123

56789

m

4

123456789

n

ToCorresponding

Solutions

ManyTypical

Problems

ManyTypical

Solutions(Knowledge Base)

A large number of typical problems are available for consideration

TRIZ helps narrow the search to a manageable range of typical problems

For each typical problem, there are one or more potential solutions

Prismof TRIZ -Analytical

Tools

(Multiple perspectives/toolsto analyze one problem)

(Possibly multiple solutionsfrom one persp./tool)


TRIZ Knowledge Map © D. Sheu

Copy Right © D. SheuReproduction NOT permitted without written permission


Why TRIZ Works? (工作原理)1. Similar problems have similar attributes thus similar

solutionsClassification is the foundation of knowledge.Problems can be classified into various categories. (所有問題可以依某些邏輯或屬性分類) (相類似的問題，通常可以以相類似的方法解決)Multiple ways to classify problems thus multiple standard solutions:

A. Relationships btn parameters of objects/systems: (從參數衝突的角度分類)Contradiction Matrix & (40) Inventive Principles

B. Relationships btn objects (substances): (物質間關係與場關係的角度分類)Substance-Field Analysis & (76/78) standard solutions

We can develop classes of tools to attack classes of problems.2. Similar problems can be solved by similar procedures.

Like problem solutions, the processes to solve problems can also be classified and used to solve problems.ARIZ Process. (Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving)



Principles behind TRIZ3. When multitudinous problems are broken down to their

lowest level of classification, there are only a relatively smaller number of elemental problem classes.

The number of combinations is always many many times bigger than the number of elements.

billions of diff substances -> Only 100+ elements Only 26 alphabets but millions of character strings.seemingly different classes of problems viewed at the human interface level may become the same in the fundamental physical/chemical level.

Instead of looking problem at system’s level, we shallbreakdown the system into its elemental level

Locate the core problem at elemental levelSolve the problem there & you solve the system’s problem.

Less complex; much easier to sort out; have prior solutions for references分析到問題的基層核心, 可以「以簡御繁」



Classifying relations @ Elemental Level


The other way of interpretation

based on relatively very few elemental character strings, we can produce essentially infinite number of words and sentences to use.


26 Alphabets

A couple hundred roots

200,000 words

Unlimited combinations of character strings


Principles behind TRIZ5. Most of the problem classes at the

elemental levels have been solved before intelligently. We shall leverage the past wisdom to solve our specific problems

6. By using TRIZ thought processes and solution trigger, we may as well come out new innovative ideas.



The TRIZ Philosophy 萃智基本理念Someone somewhere has already solved something like my problem intelligently, before.(某人在某時已很聰明地解決過與我相類似的問題. 我為甚麼不善利用其智慧)

99.9 %: something like your problem has been solved before.Underlines the basic thought of TRIZ methodology and its usefulness.

The Problem:W/O TRIZ training, 99.9% of people can’t see the similarity between your problem and the solved previous problems in other industry/application due to PI (心理惰性).



1) Reduce tire-wear on large aero-planes (減少大型飛機輪胎磨耗)

2) Prevent leaching of toxins from PVC during bloodtransport through tubing (避免快速輸血時PVC 毒素滲入人體)

3) Increase yield from a chemical process (提昇化學製程良率)

4) How do we improve knowledge retention when there is never enough time to teach everything? (在學習時間不足下如何保持知識記憶. i.e. 如何記得牢，又學得快?)

Are these problems “similar”?

Source: DM


The TRIZ Philosophy 萃智基本理念TRIZ:

系統性地引導你從不同角度看問題, 讓你:體認你的問題在fundamental level 與前人問題之相似性因而可利用前人智慧解你的問題看到問題的核心關鍵, 知道需要甚麼才可解問題

系統性地整理各種不同問題之所有前人已有答案能完整找到所有解，再決定一組最好解.(full solution set)

沒有系統性創新手法之訓練者往往無法跳出現有窠臼(Space/Time/Interface)看問題.因而可能:

看不到更好的專題機會無法利用前人智慧跨行跨領域取得有創意性的答案.無法得到全面性的答案.



OutlineLogistics萃智(TRIZ) 概觀與工作原理 (TRIZ overview & its working Principles)TRIZ應用領域與成功例子 (TRIZ Application areas & success stories)TRIZ vs traditional problem solving model萃思手法概觀 & selected toolsIntegrating TRIZ into Systematic InnovationConclusions


TRIZ Success StoriesMany. But, mostly confidential & not accessible.Korea: Samsung/LG & Korean companies most pervasiveJapan: Matsushita, SONY, Hitachi, ..USA: Intel, GE, Proctor & Gamble

GE: 6SG must obtain level 3 TRIZ certification before BB.

Europe: Siemens, etc.


Samsung’s TRIZ Development1998

First induction to TRIZ in Samsung Group; Installed first TechOptimazer software (1 copy)Noise problem of Hard disk was selected for test problem. The final proposals were not accepted to field engineer. SEC was disappointed.Formation of first TRIZ research meeting for several Samsung companies (Samsung Electronics (SEC), Samsung SDI, Samsung SAIT,Samsung Electro-Mechanics)

1999SAMSUNG SDI made contract with Russian expert Vasilli Leniachine.Chechurine made contract with Samsung SDI for translation of Russian to English.

2000SAMSUNG SAIT made contract with Nikolai ShpakovskyDVD Project at SAIT reported 92 M USD benefit. CEO decided to mass promote TRIZ in Samsung.

Source: The TRIZ Journal



Establishment of TRIZ promoting departmentInviting 2 Russian TRIZ experts (Kraevsky and Chernayk.)Installed TechOptimizer software (10 copies)First 2 successful projects in semiconductor and printing division (TRIZ contribution more $10 million and 12 patents)Establishment of monthly TRIZ research meetingInduction of TRIZ Innovation Master Education and Certification ProgramTRIZ training and certification of 8 SEC’s engineers; Comprehensive TRIZ training program

2002Development of TRIZ activities in all 6 units of SECReceiving the excellent results through conducting strategic projects (23 R&D projects ,cost reduction $24 million, 24 patents for year)Inviting 2 more TRIZ Specialists (the total 4 persons); Training 22 new Innovation MastersTRIZ was introduced to each Six Sigma Black Belt CoursesOpening the first annual TRIZ Festival (October) at SEC.




Accomplishment of TRIZ educational program for Samsung employeesEstablished Samsung TRIZ AssociationFinancial contribution by TRIZ is $150 million (about 50 projects, 52 patents for year for all Samsung Groups: SEC, SDI, SAIT, SEMC) 美國專利排名第五Training 20 new Innovation Masters

2004Financial contribution by TRIZ is $65 million (about 30 projects, 64 patents for year only for SEC and there is no data for other Samsung groups for this year)Training 24 new Innovation Masters

Currently:Has a TRIZ association for own companyCo. Generated average USA 60 granted patents/Month. (2007)美國專利排名第二. Rapidly approaching #1.Integrate TRIZ with 6 Sigma program very successfully



TRIZ Education Curriculum @ Samsung

OTSM: General Theory of Powerful Thinking (translated from Russian)



14

48

76

123

151

0

40

80

120

160

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal year (from April to next March)

Number of themes addressed by TRIZ

Acc

umul

ated

num

ber

of T

RIZ

them

es

(Problems)

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd


Effects of Using TRIZ (1. in patent application）

Patents for which TRIZ

was used

all patents

１．Quality of patents:Comparison in the ratio ofgood patents.

TRIZ Acquisition period

Engineers who acquire TRIZ

Engineers who did not acquire TRIZ

２．Engineer' skill:Comparison in the number of patent applications

Fiscal year

（n=34）

Ratio of good patents

1

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

1.2

1.4

1.6

Relative number of application/person

（n＞500）

48.2%

61.8%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

R&D全体

TRIZ

(non-TRIZ ~ 47.2%; 61.8/47.2=1.31)

↑~30%


Intel and TRIZBegan incorporating TRIZ in 2003Realized advantage of the applied science of innovationIncreased TRIZ trained employed by 10X over the past 3 years:(2004-2007)

90% Level 16% Level 24% Level 3

Where TRIZ efforts are targeted:95% used for manufacturing process improvementInternal business process improvementProduct design application

IC Testing: 10 ATM factories in 6 sites, 4 countries adopted TRIZ.


TRIZ Implementation Roadmap, Malaysia

Key PhasesPhase 1: Pursue small winsPhase 2: Proliferation & adoption Phase 3: SustainabilityPhase 4: Proliferation to others

Q2'05 Q3'05 Q4'05 Q1'06 Q2'06 Q3'06 Q4'06 Q1'07 Q2'07 Q3'07 Q4'07 2008+ Q2'05 Q3'05 Q4'05 Q1'06 Q2'06 Q3'06 Q4'06 Q1'07 Q2'07 Q3'07 Q4'07 2008+

Phase 1: Pursue

small wins

Checkpoint reviewin Technical SC/GM

for proliferation

Phase 2: Proliferate & adopt

Phase 3: Sustainability

MY1MY2CR1

MY4MY5

Phase 4: Pilot with Facilities

MY3CH2CH3

PH1CH1

Phase 4: Proliferation to others

Pioneer team trained on TRIZ Level 3

(2 MY, 1 CR instructor)

Source: TS Yeoh, TJ Yeoh, Chia-Li Song; Intel Penang, Malaysia

Status: IC Testing: 10 ATM factories in 6 sites, 4 countries adopted TRIZ.


GEBasic: Level 1 TRIZ training 8hr x 5 days w/ project; incl. exam.Advanced: Level 2 TRIZ training 8hr x 5 days w/ project.Professional: Level 3 TRIZ training 8hr x 10 days w/ project. 2 wk back for

certification+ project review.

Year 1: (2007/5)21 Basics by consultants4 Advanced by consultants1 Professional by consultantsProject facilitation by consultants

- Year 228 Basics by GE trainers+Sergei (two instructors together)6 Advanced by consultants1 Professional by consultantsFacilitation by GE trainers/consultantsFacilitation Check Points by consultants3 day course on new development in TRIZ by consultantsGE TRIZ Conference


GEYear 3 (plan)

Basic & Advanced courses are taught by GE trainers+Sergei2 Professional Course by consultantsFacilitation by GE facilitators/trainers (regular projects)Facilitation by Sergei (Advanced technology projects)One 2-day course for facilitatorsOne 3-day course on new methodology development1 refreshing Basic by consultants1 refreshing Advanced by consultants


中國大陸推廣情形

2007年6月，大陸學者王大珩、劉東生、葉篤正三位資深院士給溫家寶總理寫信，提出了《關於加強我國創新方法工作的建議》2007年7月和12月温总理对王大珩、刘东生、叶笃正三位科学家《关于加强创新方法工作的建议》做出重要批示。科技部联合发展改革委、教育部、中国科协认真研究了创新方法工作，提出了创新方法工作的主要工作，并联合向国务院呈送了《关于加强创新方法工作的报告》。科技部批复黑龙江、四川、江苏作为技术创新方法试点省 (建立14试点，由国家拨款大力支持)(預算 100億人民幣)

來源: 西南交通大学公共管理學院陈光院長http://blog.sina.com.cn/guangchen

创新方法是自主创新之源头


溫家寶總理關於加強創新方法工作的重要批示

來源: 西南交通大学公共管理學院陈光院長http://blog.sina.com.cn/guangchen


U.S.A. Granted Patents by year

1225772661402404297289195119PRC

633961286361511859385298543153714667TAIWAN

754962955908435244283944378635383314S. KOREA

891590511000590111077911444112801126010235GERMAN

Y

336823335436807303413534835515348583322331295JAPAN

775017952689823746378427087893869718760085068USA

200820072006200520042003200220012000

Country Ranks: Approx. # 136 by area; # 50 by population (2008)#4 by no. of USA patent granted (2000-2006)Passed by S. Korea since 2007 & Gap increasing.


OutlineLogistics萃智(TRIZ) 概觀與工作原理 (TRIZ overview & its working Principles)TRIZ應用領域與成功例子 (TRIZ Application areas & success stories)TRIZ vs traditional problem solving model萃思手法概觀 & selected toolsConclusions


Traditional Problem SolvingWhat blocks our advancement?

Conflict/contradiction: In TRIZ viewpointIf there is no conflict, we would just go ahead without hesitation.Some maybe explicit, some may be implicit

壞

好

好參數A

參數B

壞 Traditional Prob Solving: Optimization/DOE- Under the current model, Find the best operational point. - Due to multiple objectives, you got contradictions among objectives.

-=> Compromise to get overall best point of operation.

Overall eq perf lines

x


TRIZ vs 傳統的問題解決方法

使用TRIZ消除技術矛盾

：折衷

：矛盾消失

TRIZ: Paradigm shift by using prior wisdom systematically.Get out of current operational mode to search for no-compromise results.=> Jump to another mode of operation: Paradigm shift (典範轉移)You can still use Optimization to find best oper. Point on the best operationalmode achievable.Paradigm shift is many times more powerful than Optimization.

傳統方法 : 優化 (Optimization in the current mode)

壞

壞

好

好參數A

參數B

IFR

TRIZ



Example of Paradigm ShiftWhich company first invented inkjet technology?Which company dominates the inkjet printer market?



HP Inkjet printhead exampleFunc. needed: Miniaturization

Results: Easily 50+ times smaller feature (100u -> higher qualityLess materials -> cost less; cheaper.



Comment on paradigm searchWhen you face a difficult problem,

Locate the basic function of that problem (↓)Ask:

anyone solved that prob already? (KE/DB)who has the most challenge on that fn?

Sol likely in industry needing that skill/func to survive. (Survival function)

Eg: miniaturization -> semiconductor (nano)SCM: Notebook computer industry

98/2; Taiwan/China/Europe/USA…



What TRIZ offers you• A way of paradigm shift in applications by looking at

generic abstract level of problem and locate previous generic methods for that category of problem. (within or across industries)

• Analyze the problem to its key fundamental core so that:• You can use prior generic solutions• You can attack the problem effectively & efficiently.

• A systematic process to guide you to solutions.• A philosophy based on IFR & resources & systems

view.


萃智系統性創新方法導論 - national tsing hua ...siem.ie.nthu.edu.tw/€¦ · triz helps...

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